Raphidomonadea

Raphidomonads
	Gonyostomum semen
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Clade:	Diaphoretickes
Clade:	SAR
Clade:	Stramenopiles
Phylum:	Gyrista
Subphylum:	Ochrophytina
Infraphylum:	Chrysista
Superclass:	Raphidoistia; Cavalier-Smith 1986 orth. mut. 2006
Class:	Raphidomonadea; Chadefaud 1950 ex Silva 1980
Subclasses & orders
	Raphopoda Actinophryida; Commatiida; ; Raphidophycidae Chattonellales; ;

Raphidomonadea is a class of Stramenopiles containing both photosynthetic and phagotrophic protists. The phagotrophic groups are known as Raphopoda, and comprise actinophryid heliozoa and the marine genus Commation. The photosynthetic groups are known as the raphidophyte algae. Their relationship was elucidated through phylogenetic analyses.^[1]^[2]

Classification

Classification based on Cavalier-Smith and Scoble 2013.^[1]

Subclass Raphopoda Cavalier-Smith 2013
- Order Commatiida Cavalier-Smith 1997
  - Family Commatiidae Cavalier-Smith 2013
    - Genus Commation Thomsen & Larsen 1993
- Order Actinophryida Hartmann 1913 [Actinophrydia Kühn 1926; Actinophrydea Hartmann 1913]
  - Family Actinosphaeriidae Cavalier-Smith 2013
    - Genus Actinosphaerium Ritter von Stein 1857 [Camptonema Schaudinn 1894; Echinosphaerium Hovasse 1965]
  - Family Helioraphidae Cavalier-Smith 2013
    - Genus Heliorapha Cavalier-Smith 2013
  - Family Actinophryidae Dujardin 1841
    - Genus Actinophrys Ehrenberg 1830 [Trichoda Müller 1773 nomen oblitum; Peritricha Bory de St.Vincent 1824 nomen dubium non Stein 1859]
Subclass Raphidophycidae Cavalier-Smith 2013 [Raphidophyceae Chadefaud 1950 emend. Silva 1980 s.s.; Chloromonadophyceae Rothmaler 1951; Raphidophyta]
- Order Raphidomonadales [Chattonellales Throndsen 1993; Chloromonadida; Chloromonadales; Raphidomonadida Heywood & Leedale 1983; Chloromonadina Klebs 1892]
  - Genus Viridilobus Demir-Hilton et al. 2012
  - Family Fibrocapsaceae Cavalier-Smith 2013
    - Genus Fibrocapsa Toriumi & Takano 1973
  - Family Haramonadaceae Cavalier-Smith 2013
    - Genus Haramonas Horiguchi 1996
  - Family Chattonellaceae Throndsen
    - Genus Oltmannsia Schiller 1925
    - Genus Chlorinimonas Yamaguchi et al. 2010
    - Genus Heterosigma Hada 1967 ex Hara & Chihara 1987
    - Genus Chattonella Biecheler 1936 [Hornellia Subrahmanyan 1954; Hemieutreptia Hada 1974]
  - Family Vacuolariaceae
    - Genus Swirenkoiamonas Skvortzov 1968
    - Genus Vacuolaria Cienkowski 1870
    - Genus Merotricha Mereschkowsky 1877
    - Genus Gonyostomum Diesing 1866

Unplaced genera

The genus Psammamonas, described in 2013, is not placed in any family within the raphidomonads. However, the phylogenetic analysis that accompanied the description placed it as the sister group of Haramonas, in the monotypic family Haramonadaceae.^[3]

The genus Chloromorum is not a validly published name. Its first mention is from a 2008 journal article that states its author and publication as "Tomas et al., submitted for publication",^[4] but it was never published. The genus contains a single species, Chloromorum toxicum, which is a renaming of the taxon Chattonella cf. verruculosa. Allegedly, Chloromorum composes a new algal class known as Chloromorophyceae, but due to not being validly published (i.e. nomen nudum), it is an illegal taxon.^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Scoble, Josephine Margaret (2013). "Phylogeny of Heterokonta: Incisomonas marina, a uniciliate gliding opalozoan related to Solenicola (Nanomonadea), and evidence that Actinophryida evolved from raphidophytes". European Journal of Protistology. 49 (3): 328–353. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2012.09.002. PMID 23219323.
^ Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (January 2018). "Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences". Protoplasma. 255 (1): 297–357. doi:10.1007/s00709-017-1147-3. PMC 5756292. PMID 28875267.
^ Grant, Brenna; Waller, Ross F.; Clementson, Lesley A.; Wetherbee, Richard (4 January 2013). "Psammamonas australis gen. et sp. nov. (Raphidophyceae), a new dimorphic, sand-dwelling alga". Phycologia. 52 (1): 57–64. doi:10.2216/12-070.1.
^ Giner, José-Luis; Zhao, Hui; Tomas, Carmelo (2008). "Sterols and fatty acids of three harmful algae previously assigned as Chattonella". Phytochemistry. 69 (11): 2167–2171. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.05.013.
^ Medlin, Linda KLK; Desdevises, Yves (2018). "Sequence analysis confirms a new algal class". Vie et Milieu/Life & Environment. 68: 2–3 (151–155).

[Incisomonas-1] Cavalier-Smith, Thomas; Scoble, Josephine Margaret (2013). "Phylogeny of Heterokonta: Incisomonas marina, a uniciliate gliding opalozoan related to Solenicola (Nanomonadea), and evidence that Actinophryida evolved from raphidophytes". European Journal of Protistology. 49 (3): 328–353. doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2012.09.002. PMID 23219323.

[8phyla-2] Cavalier-Smith, Thomas (January 2018). "Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences". Protoplasma. 255 (1): 297–357. doi:10.1007/s00709-017-1147-3. PMC 5756292. PMID 28875267.

[Psammamonas-3] Grant, Brenna; Waller, Ross F.; Clementson, Lesley A.; Wetherbee, Richard (4 January 2013). "Psammamonas australis gen. et sp. nov. (Raphidophyceae), a new dimorphic, sand-dwelling alga". Phycologia. 52 (1): 57–64. doi:10.2216/12-070.1.

[Giner_2008-4] Giner, José-Luis; Zhao, Hui; Tomas, Carmelo (2008). "Sterols and fatty acids of three harmful algae previously assigned as Chattonella". Phytochemistry. 69 (11): 2167–2171. doi:10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.05.013.

[Medlin_2018-5] Medlin, Linda KLK; Desdevises, Yves (2018). "Sequence analysis confirms a new algal class". Vie et Milieu/Life & Environment. 68: 2–3 (151–155).

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