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Pakistan–United Arab Emirates relations

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Pakistan-United Arab Emirates relations
Map indicating locations of Pakistan and United Arab Emirates

Pakistan
United Arab Emirates
Diplomatic mission
Embassy of Pakistan, Abu DhabiEmbassy of the United Arab Emirates, Islamabad

Pakistan–United Arab Emirates relations refer to bilateral relations between the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the United Arab Emirates. These relations date back to the UAE's formation in 1971[1], and have since evolved into wide-ranging co-operation in various fields. Pakistan was the first country to extend recognition of the United Arab Emirates, while the UAE has previously been a donor of economic and financial assistance to Pakistan it has happened the other way too. UAE recognizes Pakistan's contribution to the evolution of key institutions in the Emirates while Pakistan recognizes UAE's investment in Pakistan's economy and infrastructure. Both countries' populations share the same faith and are majorly Muslim.

In recognition of the UAE's humanitarian support to Pakistan, multiple institutions, bridges, airports and hospitals in Pakistan are named after the UAE's founding father and first president, Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, such as the Sheikh Zayed Bridge in Swat Valley and Sheikh Zayed Medical Complex in Lahore.

History

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After the British residency in the Trucial States ended, Pakistan called for the UAE the successor of the Trucial States to include Bahrain and Qatar as states of the United Arab Emirates, this however never materialised and relations with the United Arab Emirates were established in 1971.[citation needed] The UAE's founding father and first president Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan made multiple visits to Pakistan and considered it to be his second home.[2]

Pakistan have over the years played a vital role in establishing Emirati firms. In 1985, it was Pakistan International Airlines (PIA), the country's national carrier, that Dubai turned to when founding its new airline, Emirates. PIA provided technical and administrative assistance to Emirates and leased two aircraft to the new company. As an acknowledgement of its contribution, Emirates selected Karachi as the first destination for its first flight.[2]

Throughout history, multiple frequent exchanges of high level visits and regular bilateral consultations between the two countries continue to occur and are reflective of the fact that Pakistan and UAE have laid strong foundations of mutually beneficial relations, friendship and peaceful cooperation over the years. The UAE has emerged as one of Pakistan's major economic and trading partners. Many Pakistani expatriates, numbering nearly 1.2 million are gainfully employed in UAE. The Pakistani expatriates in UAE have contributed in a significant manner to promotion of bilateral understanding and to the economy of Pakistan through their home remittances. The relationship between the two has been dubbed as a special relationship.[3][4] Pakistanis are the second largest group of foreign residents living in the country.[2]

The UAE also has a long cricket relationship with Pakistan, serving as a home ground for the Pakistan cricket team for the past few decades.[5]

In 2014, trade between the two countries was valued at $9 billion.[6] In December 2019, the UAE deposited $3 billion in the State Bank of Pakistan to enhance the bank's liquidity and foreign currency reserves.[2]

However, in recent years, the relationship has been somewhat complicated by the UAE and Pakistan expanding their ties with one another's regional rivals, Qatar and India respectively.[7][8] The UAE has pledged support to Pakistan's Gwadar Port project,[9] and is assisting in the construction of a desalination plant in the city.[10] As of 2019, relations again began to improve substantially, with the UAE willing to invest $5 billion in Pakistan's Balochistan province, in order to build an oil refinery.[11][12]

In 2015, the UAE was upset at Pakistan's decision to not join the Saudi and UAE war in Yemen, although it did offer other military assistance. UAE minister Anwar Gargash said Pakistan would "pay a heavy price" for its lack of support.[13] Pakistan argued its military was already deployed on the Afghanistan border and an additional war would be a challenge, especially one that was overseas.[14] According to some authors, China may have pressured Pakistan to not join the war, fearing that Pakistan's involvement would bring it into a war with Iran and jeopardize Chinese investments in CPEC.[13][15]

During the COVID-19 pandemic the UAE had started free testing of Pakistanis residing in the Emirates. On 5 May 2020, the authorities of Pakistan raised an issue regarding the repatriation of their citizens from the United Arab Emirates during the COVID-19 pandemic. Reuters reported that according to Pakistani officials, the Pakistani workers returning from the Gulf nation had high number of COVID-19 patients. The ministry spokeswoman, Aisha Farooqui highlighted that the situation was officially addressed to the UAE authorities, where the virus was believed to be spreading due to the crowded living conditions in the Emirates.[16] The Pakistani envoy in the UAE refuted the media reports on the high number of Pakistanis being repatriated while being infected, calling them "exaggerated". The UAE Foreign Ministry stated “Everyone on UAE repatriation flights has been tested before departure, and those found to be infected were not allowed to travel.”[17]

UAE Pakistan Assistance Program

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On 12 January 2011, the UAE Pakistan Assistance Program (UAE-PAP) was launched in order to help and provide assistance to Pakistan and mitigate the impact of floods by redeveloping infrastructure, as per the directives of Sheikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al Nahyan, the President of the United Arab Emirates. The UAE PAP has worked along a comprehensive redevelopment plan that takes into account the harsh geography and the rough weather conditions of Pakistan while focusing on four main areas of social redevelopment: health, education, water and infrastructure. The Program has taken some vital steps to help the people of Swat district as it provided for the construction of two bridges, 52 schools and 7 hospitals, as well as the initiation of 64 water supply schemes.[18]

The program is dedicated to help combat a number of humanitarian crisis in Pakistan. The program aims to support efforts in fighting poverty, develop education, advance healthcare services, and contribute to the creation of new job opportunities for Pakistanis. Under the program, a number of projects such as infrastructure, education, healthcare and access to drinking water have been launched. As of October 2019, more than 30,000 Pakistani students have been enrolled in Schools built by the UAE-PAP in Swat District.[19] In May 2018, the UAE channeled $200 million into the UAE-PAP.[2]

The UAE has also orchestrated multiple campaigns to eradicate polio in Pakistan. Since 2014, more than hundreds of millions of polio vaccine were delivered to around 71 million children in Pakistan.[2]

Criticism

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See Migrant workers in the United Arab Emirates

The UAE is widely reported to be complicit in a modern-day slave trade of from Pakistan workers.[20][21] There continues to be very little sharing of oil despite energy shortages in Pakistan and unflexible nationality guidelines for anybody wanted to move on from Pakistani citizenship.

Military relations

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Emirati F-16's, an Emirati Mirage 2000, and a Pakistani F-7, left to right, fly in formation during a multinational exercise, Dec. 9, 2009.

Defence relations between Pakistan and the UAE began shortly before the UAE's formation in 1971. Pakistani troops imparted training to members of the Abu Dhabi defence forces as far back as 1968, upon the request of the founder of the UAE Sheikh Zayed, as the British were about to hand over command of the Gulf Trucial States.[22] A protocol was signed in the mid-1970s, and defence cooperation continued for the succeeding decades. Both countries share geographical proximity and a longstanding history of bilateral relations. The Pakistan Army established an armour training school in the UAE, and provided training to UAE commando battalions, as well as all armed and artillery corps officers.[22] Pakistani personnel also held prominent positions as advisers and trainers in the UAE Air Force (UAEAF). During the mid-1970s, more than 50% of UAEAF pilots were Pakistanis.[23] The UAEAF is dubbed by Pakistani author Shahid Amin to have been "an extension of the Pakistan Air Force" at one point.[24] The first Chief of Air Staff of the UAE, appointed by Sheikh Zayed, was Air Cdre Ayaz Ahmed Khan, followed by Ghulam Haider, Jamal A. Khan and Feroz A. Khan, all of whom were Pakistan Air Force (PAF) officers.[22] In total, the first five Chiefs of Air Staff of the UAE Air Force were Pakistanis.[25] The succeeding commanders were native officers, although group captain ranked officers of the PAF continued serving as Deputy Chief of Air Staff.[22] As of 2004, the UAEAF had around 55 Pakistani flying instructors, and there were a few number of Pakistani personnel serving in the UAE Army and Navy.[22] Officers of the Pakistan Navy have served in the UAE while training the local naval force.[22] Pakistan General Ahmad Shuja Pasha became a security advisor to the UAE government upon his retirement from the Pakistani secret service.[26] Inside Pakistan the UAE has a lease for use of Shamsi Airfield located in Pakistan's Balochistan province.[27]

UAE supported the US's decision to sell F-16 aircraft to Pakistan to strengthen Pakistani airforce, saying the sale would not alter the balance of strength between India and Pakistan.[28]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ "Pakistan - UAE Relations, Challenges Prospects" (PDF).
  2. ^ a b c d e f "UAE-Pakistan ties are as old as the Emirates". The National. 2 January 2020.
  3. ^ Ahmed, Akbar S. (November 2002). Discovering Islam. Routledge. ISBN 9781134495436. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  4. ^ Almezaini, Khalid S. (16 January 2012). The UAE and Foreign Policy. Routledge. ISBN 9781136717291. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  5. ^ Osman Samiuddin (2 August 2015). "Is Pakistan cricket's long-standing relationship with the UAE coming to an end?". Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  6. ^ Bitar, Zaher (6 February 2015). "UAE-Pakistan Bilateral trade estimated at $9b in 2014". Gulf News. Retrieved 14 October 2016.
  7. ^ "Dubai Police chief's stinging tweets on Pakistan more than outburst; reveal Islamabad's unsteady relations with Saudi-led GCC bloc". 4 April 2018.
  8. ^ "How India's strategic partnership with UAE will hit Pakistan where it hurts". 18 August 2015.
  9. ^ MUHAMMAD ISHTIAQ (2021-07-07). "Seven nations including Saudi Arabia, UAE pledge support for development of Pakistani port city". Arab News.
  10. ^ "Pakistan's Gwadar aims to be next Dubai". The Pakistani army, tasked with protecting the Cpec project, meanwhile, also has laid the foundation for a large desalination plant to be built with help from the UAE and Switzerland.
  11. ^ "UAE to invest $5 billion in Pakistan's oil refinery, says envoy". 4 October 2019.
  12. ^ "UAE to invest $5bn in oil refinery project in Pakistan by end of 2019: report - Business - DAWN.COM". 4 October 2019.
  13. ^ a b Jean-Loup Samaan (2019). Strategic Hedging in the Arab Peninsula: The Politics of the Gulf-Asian Rapprochement. Routledge. ISBN 9781000011913.
  14. ^ Ghulam Ali (8 July 2022). Pakistan's Foreign Policy: Contemporary Developments and Dynamics. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781000604658.
  15. ^ Andrew Small (25 November 2015). The China Pakistan Axis: Asia's New Geopolitics. Random House India. ISBN 9788184007657.
  16. ^ "Pakistan concerned at workers returning coronavirus-positive from UAE". Reuters. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  17. ^ "COVID-19: Stranded Pakistanis urged to undergo coronavirus tests before flying back home". Gulf News. 8 May 2020.
  18. ^ "UAE – Project to Assist Pakistan: $300 million is the cost of Phases I and II". Arab Press Release. 30 December 2013.
  19. ^ "UAE Pakistan Assistance Program helps alleviate country's educational woes". The News. 19 October 2019.
  20. ^ Sönmez, Sevil; Apostolopoulos, Yorghos; Tran, Diane; Rentrope, Shantyana (2011). "Human rights and health disparities for migrant workers in the UAE". Health and Human Rights. 13 (2): 17–35.
  21. ^ "UAE: Migrant Worker Abuses Linked to Broader Climate Harms | Human Rights Watch". 21 November 2023.
  22. ^ a b c d e f Kamran, Sehar (January 2013). "Pak-Gulf Defense and Security Cooperation" (PDF). Center for Pakistan and Gulf Studies (CPGS). Retrieved 11 November 2014.
  23. ^ Hafeez Malik. Soviet-Pakistan Relations and Post-Soviet Dynamics, 1947–92. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 246.
  24. ^ Amin, Shahid M. (2010). Pakistan's Foreign Policy: A Reappraisal. Oxford University Press. p. 150. ISBN 9780195479126.
  25. ^ "Diplomatic putsch: Pakistan unperturbed as Modi woos UAE". Express Tribune. 19 August 2015. Retrieved 23 August 2015.
  26. ^ https://www.thenewstribe.com/2013/02/25/uae-appoints-ex-isi-honcho-ahmed-shuja-pasha-as-advisor-report/ [bare URL]
  27. ^ "The curious case of the Shamsi airbase". 4 July 2011.
  28. ^ Staff writer (29 November 2010). "WikiLeaks: India, Pakistan and F-16s". NDTV.com. Retrieved 16 November 2018.

References

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