ORP Kujawiak (L72)

Kujawiak in 1942
History
United Kingdom
Name	HMS Oakley
Builder	Vickers-Armstrongs,Tyne
Laid down	22 November 1939
Launched	30 October 1940
Fate	Transferred to Poland 3 April 1941
Poland
Name	ORP Kujawiak
Commissioned	17 June 1941
Fate	Sunk by mine on 16 June 1942, near Malta
General characteristics
Class and type	Type II Hunt-class destroyer
Displacement	1,050 tons standard 1,490 tons full load
Length	85 m (279 ft)
Beam	9.5 m (31 ft)
Draught	2.4 m (7 ft 10 in)
Propulsion	powered by 2 shaft steam turbines 19,000 hp (14,200 kW)
Speed	27 knots (50 km/h)
Range	2,500 nautical miles (4,600 km) at 20 knots (40 km/h) 3,700 nautical miles (6,900 km) at 14 knots (26 km/h)
Complement	160
Armament	6 × QF 4 in Mark XVI guns (3 twin turrets) 4 × 40 mm anti-aircraft cannons 2 to 4 20 mm anti-aircraft cannons 6 depth charge throwers

ORP Kujawiak was a British Type II Hunt-class destroyer escort, originally ordered as HMS Oakley.

Kujawiak was built by Vickers-Armstrongs at the company's High Walker yard on the River Tyne. Her keel was laid down on 22 November 1939 and she was launched on 30 October 1940 as HMS Oakley but on completion in June 1941 she was renamed and commissioned into the Polish Navy.

Kujawiak was sunk on 16 June 1942 after running into a German MT 14 minefield near Malta while participating in Operation Harpoon. 13 Polish sailors died and 20 were wounded.

The ship was ordered under the 1939 War Emergency Programme as HMS Oakley on 4 September 1939 from Vickers-Armstrongs High Walker Yard on the Tyne who laid her down on 22 November 1939 with the yard number of J4145. Her engines were to be constructed by Parsons. She was launched on 30 October 1940 under her British name but on 3 April 1941 it was decided to transfer her together with HMS Silverton to the Polish Navy. On her completion on 17 June 1941 she was commissioned as ORP Kujawiak.^[1]

On 18 June Kujawiak came under attack by German aircraft whilst on passage from Tyne to Scapa Flow to work-up for operational service with ships of Home Fleet. Fire from the aircraft hit the 4-inch ready-use ammunition which exploded causing one fatal casualty. After completing her work-up on 25 July she joined the 15th Destroyer Flotilla based at Plymouth for local convoy escort and patrol duties.

Later that year on 23 October Kujawiak deployed with fellow Polish destroyer ORP Krakowiak for escort of inward Convoy SL89 during final stage of passage in Irish Sea from Freetown into Liverpool. On 22 December she sailed from Scapa Flow as part of Force J to carry out landings on the Lofoten Islands as part of Operation Claymore. Two days later on 27 December the destroyer sustained slight damage from a near miss during air attacks.

In early June 1942 Kujawiak was nominated for loan service with the Home Fleet as part of the escort for the planned relief convoy to Malta (Operation Harpoon). On 6 June she joined military Convoy WS19S in the Northwest Approaches as part of Ocean Escort for passage to Gibraltar. She joined Force X at Gibraltar on 12 June whose task was to escort the Harpoon convoy through the Sicilian Narrows to Malta. On 14 June the convoy came under heavy and sustained air attacks during which the cruiser Liverpool was damaged. The following day the air attacks continued and Kujawiak was in action with Italian warships attempting to intercept and attack the convoy.^[2]

Near midnight on 16 June, while entering Grand Harbor, Malta Kujawiak sustained major structural damage forward after detonating a mine while going to the aid of Badsworth after she had struck a mine. Kujawiak sank before a successful tow could be achieved.

On 22 September 2014 a Polish expedition (Shipwreck Expeditons Association) discovered the location of the wreck of Kujawiak.^[3] Further dives were made in 2015 and 2017 with the latter recovering the ship's bell which has been passed to the Maritime Museum of Malta for conservation and display.^[4] The Maltese government has declared the wreck site a war grave and prohibited unauthorised diving^[5]

35°53′N 14°35′E / 35.883°N 14.583°E / 35.883; 14.583