NGC 3504
| NGC 3504 | |
|---|---|
 NGC 3504 (Hubble Space Telescope) | |
| Observation data (J2000 epoch) | |
| Constellation | Leo Minor |
| Right ascension | 11h 03m 11.2s[1] |
| Declination | +27° 58′ 21″[1] |
| Redshift | 1534 ± 2 km/s[1] |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 11.67[1] |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | (R)SAB(s)ab[1] |
| Apparent size (V) | 2.7′ × 2.1′[1] |
| Other designations | |
| UGC 6118, MCG +05-26-039, PGC 33371[2] | |
NGC 3504 is a barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Leo Minor. It has a Hubble distance corresponding to 88 million light-years[3] and was discovered by William Herschel in 1785.[4]
The luminosity class of NGC 3504 is I-II, with a broad HI line containing regions of ionized hydrogen. Additionally, it is classfied as a starburst galaxy.[5]
There is a large amount of molecular gas centered on the galactic nucleus. Compared with other barred spiral galaxies, NGC 3504 is in an early phase of its evolution.[6]
Morphology
[edit]NGC 3504 is classified as a type (R1')SAB(rs)ab galaxy.[7][8] It has a bright point-like nucleus embedded inside its galactic budge that is crossed by a thin bar. It has spiral arms found wrapping around its inner ring which then peels off to form an outer, broken pseudo-ring. The galaxy shows little evidence of star formation.[9]
Star-forming disk
[edit]According to Hubble Space Telescope, a star-forming disk has been found around the nucleus of NGC 3504, which the size of the disk's axis is estimated to be 200 pc (~650 light years).[10]
Mass
[edit]The mass of NGC 3504 has been difficult to narrow down, but it is believed to be between 2.5*109 M⊙ and 9*109 M⊙.[11]
Supermassive black hole
[edit]The supermassive black hole in NGC 3504 is estimated to be 107.8 M○ (or 63 million solar masses), according to near-infrared K-band brightness measurements for the galaxy's budge.[12]
Supernovae
[edit]Two supernovae have been observed in NGC 3504:
- SN 1998cf (type unknown, mag. 15) was discovered in March 1998 by Eric Emsellem via CCD images captured at Canada-France-Hawaii Observatory and also by Karl Gordon and Geoffrey Clayton from Louisiana State University.[13][14]
- SN 2001ac (type gap, mag. 18.2) was discovered by LOTOSS (Lick Observatory and Tenagra Observatory Supernova Searches) on 12 March 2001.[15] This supernova was initially thought to be type IIn or LBV,[16] but later analysis concluded that it was a Calcium-rich supernova, sometimes referred to as a "gap" transient.[17]
NGC 3504 group
[edit]NGC 3504 is the brightest member of the NGC 3504 Group (also known as LGG 227), which is a member of the Leo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the right edge of the Virgo Supercluster.[18] There are eight other galaxies in the group including NGC 3380, NGC 3400, NGC 3414, NGC 3451, NGC 3512, UGC 5921 and UGC 5958.[19] This NGC 3504 group is also mentioned by Abraham Mahtessian in his research paper published in 1998.[20]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 3504. Retrieved 2008-04-10.
- ^ "NGC 3504". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2021-02-23.
- ^ "Results for NGC 3504". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2024-07-25.
- ^ "New General Catalog Objects: NGC 3500 - 3549". cseligman.com. Retrieved 2024-07-25.
- ^ Balzano, V. A. (1983-05-01). "Star-burst galactic nuclei". The Astrophysical Journal. 268: 602–627. Bibcode:1983ApJ...268..602B. doi:10.1086/160983. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ^ Franco, J & F, Ferrini (1993). Star Formation, Galaxies and the Interstellar Medium. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-44412-5.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Gérard de Vaucouleurs' Atlas of Galaxies". cseligman.com. Retrieved 2024-07-25.
- ^ "Galaxy Morphology of NGC 3504". kudzu.astr.ua.edu. Retrieved 2024-07-25.
- ^ de Jong, Roelof S. (1996), "Colour Gradients in the Optical and Near-IR", Spiral Galaxies in the Near-IR, ESO Astrophysics Symposia, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 43–47, doi:10.1007/978-3-540-49739-4_6, ISBN 978-3-662-22429-8, retrieved 2024-07-25
- ^ Comerón, S.; Knapen, J. H.; Beckman, J. E.; Laurikainen, E.; Salo, H.; Martínez-Valpuesta, I.; Buta, R. J. (March 2010). "AINUR: Atlas of Images of NUclear Rings". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 402 (4): 2462–2490. arXiv:0908.0272. Bibcode:2010MNRAS.402.2462C. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16057.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
- ^ Burbidge; et al. (1960). "The Rotation and Approximate Mass of NGC 3504".
- ^ Dong, X. Y.; De Robertis, M. M. (March 2006). "Low-Luminosity Active Galaxies and Their Central Black Holes". The Astronomical Journal. 131 (3): 1236–1252. arXiv:astro-ph/0510694. Bibcode:2006AJ....131.1236D. doi:10.1086/499334. ISSN 0004-6256.
- ^ Garnavich, P. (1998). "Supernova 1998cf in NGC 3504". International Astronomical Union Circular (6914): 1. Bibcode:1998IAUC.6914....1G.
- ^ "SN 1998cf". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 12 December 2024.
- ^ Beckmann, S.; Li, W. D. (2001). "Supernova 2001ac in NGC 3504". International Astronomical Union Circular (7596): 1. Bibcode:2001IAUC.7596....1B.
- ^ Matheson, T.; Jha, S.; Challis, P.; Kirshner, R.; Calkins, M. (2001). "Supernova 2001ac in NGC 3504". International Astronomical Union Circular (7597): 3. Bibcode:2001IAUC.7597....3M.
- ^ "SN 2001ac". Transient Name Server. IAU. Retrieved 12 December 2024.
- ^ "The Leo III Groups". Atlas of the Universe. Archived from the original on July 22, 2012. Retrieved 2010-11-27.
- ^ Garcia, A. M. (1993-07-01). "General study of group membership. II. Determination of nearby groups". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 100: 47–90. Bibcode:1993A&AS..100...47G. ISSN 0365-0138.
- ^ Mahtessian, A. P. (1998-07-01). "Groups of galaxies. III. Some empirical characteristics". Astrophysics. 41 (3): 308–321. Bibcode:1998Ap.....41..308M. doi:10.1007/BF03036100. ISSN 0571-7256.
External links
[edit]
Media related to NGC 3504 at Wikimedia Commons- NGC 3504 on WikiSky: DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, Hydrogen α, X-Ray, Astrophoto, Sky Map, Articles and images
