Maithil Brahmin
| Languages | |
|---|---|
| Maithili | |
| Religion | |
| Hinduism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Other Brahmin groups |
Maithil Brahmins are the Indo-Aryan Hindu Brahmin community originating from the Mithila region of the Indian subcontinent that comprises Madhesh Province of Nepal and the Tirhut, Darbhanga, Kosi, Purnia, Munger, Bhagalpur and Santhal Pargana divisions[a] of India.[1] They are one of the five Pancha-Gauda Brahmin communities.[2][3] The main language spoken by Maithil Brahmins is Maithili .
History
[edit]Some of the dynastic families of the Mithila region, such as the Oiniwar Dynasty and Khandwal Dynasty (Raj Darbhanga),[4] were Maithil Brahmins and were noted for their patronage of Maithil culture.[5]
In the 1960s and 1970s, the Maithil Brahmins became politically significant in Bihar. Binodanand Jha and Lalit Narayan Mishra emerged as prominent political leaders of the community. Under the Chief Ministry of Jagannath Mishra many Maithil Brahmins assumed important political positions in Bihar.[6]
Divisions
[edit]According to the Vedic Samhita, Maithil Brahmins are divided into the Vajasaneyi (Yajurvedic) and the Chandogya(Samavedic) and each group is strictly exogamous. They are also further classified by four main categories, the Srotriyas (Soit), the Yogyas (Bhalmanush), the Painjas and the Jaiwars. They are all expected to be morganatic (anuloma) however these days this is no longer enforced strictly. They are also divided into various Mools or Clan's name. And every mool is further divided into upamool or sub clans.
BRAJSTHA MAITHIL BRAHMIN
[edit]Migration to Agra Akbar always had a deep respect towards the talents & knowledge of Phalit Jyotish,so he had invited, in his Darbar, the most talented & well-versed Maithil pandits from Bihar.These pandits lived happily & respectfully in the regime of Akbar, which continued and gradually decreased in Jahangir's and then Shahjahan's rule.In the meantime, these pandits were cut off from their basic origin, i.e., Bihar.[citation needed]Then afterwards in the reign of Aurangzeb these once respectful pandits were treated unrespectfully and were tortured.They were forced to accept Islam by Aurangzeb.[citation needed] Among them who dared to oppose this were brutally killed while all the others had to fled away to distant villages to save their lives.Since then they are living in Agra, Aligarh, Mathura & distant villages and started calling themselves "BRAJASTHA MAITHIL BRAHMAN" as a new identity.Even after so many years the fear of Aurangzeb is still there in the un-conscious mind of them.[citation needed]Due to this fear some of the Maithils have even changed their surname to "SHARMA," a local Brahmin surname.Brajastha Maithil Brahmans have little connections with their own origin Bihar's Maithil Brahmins.Even after changing their surname to "SHARMA" local brahmins too had little affinity with them. This migration information is also depicted in Akbar's autobiography "EIN-E-AKBARI".[7][8]
Religious practices
[edit]They are mainly practitioners of Shaktism in various forms, however there are also Vaishnavites and Shaivites.[9][10]
Panjis
[edit]Panjis or Panji Prabandh are extensive genealogical records maintained among Maithil Brahmins similar to the Hindu genealogy registers at Haridwar.[11] While marriage they obtain the “Aswajan”(Non-relative) certificate from the panjikars,this system was started by Harisinghdeva.[12]
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Jha, Pankaj Kumar (2010). Sushasan Ke Aaine Mein Naya Bihar. Bihar (India): Prabhat Prakashan. ISBN 9789380186283.
- ^ James G. Lochtefeld (2002). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: N-Z. Rosen. pp. 490–491. ISBN 9780823931804.
- ^ D. Shyam Babu and Ravindra S. Khare, ed. (2011). Caste in Life: Experiencing Inequalities. Pearson Education India. p. 168. ISBN 9788131754399.
- ^ Jha, Makhan (1997). Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp. 60–61. ISBN 9788175330344.
- ^ Jha, Makhan (1982). "Civilizational Regions of Mithila & Mahakoshal". p. 64.
- ^ Verma, Ravindra Kumar (May 1991). "Caste and Bihar Politics". Economic and Political Weekly. 26 (18). Sameeksha Trust: 1142–4. JSTOR 41498247.
- ^ Jha, Makhan (1997). Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. पपृ॰ 38–. आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰ 978-81-7533-034-4. मूल से 22 मई 2016 को पुरालेखित
- ^ Hamare Pravaas Ka Itihas By Pt. Phool Bihari Sharma
- ^ Jha, Makhan (1997). Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp. 38–. ISBN 978-81-7533-034-4.
- ^ Maitra, Asim (1986). Religious Life of the Brahman: A Case Study of Maithil Brahmans. Inter-India Publications. p. 54. ISBN 9788121001717.
- ^ "Culture of the Mithila region". Archived from the original on 17 July 2007. Retrieved 16 September 2007.
- ^ Jha, Makhan (1997). Anthropology of Ancient Hindu Kingdoms: A Study in Civilizational Perspective. M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p. 118. ISBN 978-81-7533-034-4.
External links
[edit]- Brown Heinz, Carolyn. "The Maithil Brahmins: an online ethnography". Department of Anthropology, California State University, Chico. Retrieved 21 October 2010.