July 2000 lunar eclipse
| Total eclipse | |||||||||||||||||
 Hourly motion shown right to left | |||||||||||||||||
| Date | July 16, 2000 | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gamma | 0.0302 | ||||||||||||||||
| Magnitude | 1.7684 | ||||||||||||||||
| Saros cycle | 129 (37 of 71) | ||||||||||||||||
| Totality | 106 minutes, 25 seconds | ||||||||||||||||
| Partiality | 236 minutes, 2 seconds | ||||||||||||||||
| Penumbral | 374 minutes, 31 seconds | ||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||
A total lunar eclipse occurred at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Sunday, July 16, 2000,[1] with an umbral magnitude of 1.7684. It was a central lunar eclipse, in which part of the Moon passed through the center of the Earth's shadow. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A total lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon's near side entirely passes into the Earth's umbral shadow. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. A total lunar eclipse can last up to nearly two hours, while a total solar eclipse lasts only a few minutes at any given place, because the Moon's shadow is smaller. Occurring about 1.1 days after apogee (on July 15, 2000, at 11:30 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter was smaller.[2]
Totality lasted for 106 minutes and 25 seconds, the longest duration since 13 August 1859 (106 minutes and 28 seconds) and 3 May 459 (106 minutes and 32 seconds), and totality of this length won't occur again until 19 August 4753 (106 minutes and 35 seconds). This was the last and longest total lunar eclipse of the 20th century as well as the second longest and last of the second millennium. It was also the eighth longest total lunar eclipse on EclipseWise's Six Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses which covers the years 3000 BCE to 3000 AD. The longest total lunar eclipse between the years 4000 BCE and 6000 CE took place on 31 May 318. Totality lasted 106 minutes and 36 seconds which is only 11 seconds longer than this one.[3]
Visibility
[edit]The eclipse was completely visible over Australia, Antarctica, and much of the Pacific Ocean, seen rising over Asia and eastern Africa and setting over western North and South America.[4]
|
 The Moon passed straight through the center of the Earth's shadow at the descending node in Sagittarius of its orbit. |
Eclipse details
[edit]Shown below is a table displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. It describes various parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[5]
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Penumbral Magnitude | 2.83749 |
| Umbral Magnitude | 1.76839 |
| Gamma | 0.03015 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 07h44m54.7s |
| Sun Declination | +21°15'02.4" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 15'44.2" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.7" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 19h44m54.2s |
| Moon Declination | -21°13'24.9" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 14'43.2" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 0°54'01.2" |
| ΔT | 64.0 s |
Eclipse season
[edit]This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight. The first and last eclipse in this sequence is separated by one synodic month.
| July 1 Ascending node (new moon) |
July 16 Descending node (full moon) |
July 31 Ascending node (new moon) |
|---|---|---|
 |
|
|
| Partial solar eclipse Solar Saros 117 |
Total lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 129 |
Partial solar eclipse Solar Saros 155 |
Related eclipses
[edit]Eclipses in 2000
[edit]- A total lunar eclipse on January 21.
- A partial solar eclipse on February 5.
- A partial solar eclipse on July 1.
- A total lunar eclipse on July 16.
- A partial solar eclipse on July 31.
- A partial solar eclipse on December 25.
Metonic
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of September 27, 1996
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of May 4, 2004
Tzolkinex
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of June 4, 1993
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of August 28, 2007
Half-Saros
[edit]- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of July 11, 1991
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of July 22, 2009
Tritos
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of August 17, 1989
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of June 15, 2011
Lunar Saros 129
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of July 6, 1982
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of July 27, 2018
Inex
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of August 6, 1971
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of June 26, 2029
Triad
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of September 15, 1913
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of May 17, 2087
Lunar eclipses of 1998–2002
[edit]This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of lunar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[6]
The penumbral lunar eclipses on March 13, 1998 and September 6, 1998 occur in the previous lunar year eclipse set, and the penumbral lunar eclipses on May 26, 2002 and November 20, 2002 occur in the next lunar year eclipse set.
| Lunar eclipse series sets from 1998 to 2002 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Descending node | Ascending node | |||||||
| Saros | Date Viewing |
Type Chart |
Gamma | Saros | Date Viewing |
Type Chart |
Gamma | |
| 109 | 1998 Aug 08
|
Penumbral
|
1.4876 | 114 | 1999 Jan 31
|
Penumbral
|
−1.0190 | |
| 119 | 1999 Jul 28
|
Partial
|
0.7863 | 124.jpg)
|
2000 Jan 21
|
Total
|
−0.2957 | |
| 129 | 2000 Jul 16
|
Total
|
0.0302 | 134_(cropped).jpg)
|
2001 Jan 09
|
Total
|
0.3720 | |
| 139 | 2001 Jul 05
|
Partial
|
−0.7287 | 144 | 2001 Dec 30
|
Penumbral
|
1.0732 | |
| 149 | 2002 Jun 24
|
Penumbral
|
−1.4440 | |||||
Saros 129
[edit]This eclipse is a part of Saros series 129, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a penumbral lunar eclipse on June 10, 1351. It contains partial eclipses from September 26, 1531 through May 11, 1892; total eclipses from May 24, 1910 through September 8, 2090; and a second set of partial eclipses from September 20, 2108 through April 26, 2469. The series ends at member 71 as a penumbral eclipse on July 24, 2613.
The longest duration of totality was produced by member 37 at 106 minutes, 24 seconds on July 16, 2000. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.[7]
| Greatest | First | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
The greatest eclipse of the series occurred on 2000 Jul 16, lasting 106 minutes, 24 seconds.[8] |
Penumbral | Partial | Total | Central |
| 1351 Jun 10 |
1531 Sep 26 |
1910 May 24
|
1946 Jun 14
| |
| Last | ||||
| Central | Total | Partial | Penumbral | |
2036 Aug 07
|
2090 Sep 08
|
2469 Apr 26 |
2613 Jul 24 | |
Eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
| Series members 26–48 occur between 1801 and 2200: | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26 | 27 | 28 | |||
| 1802 Mar 19 | 1820 Mar 29 | 1838 Apr 10 | |||
| 29 | 30 | 31 | |||
| 1856 Apr 20 | 1874 May 01 | 1892 May 11 | |||
| 32 | 33 | 34 | |||
| 1910 May 24 | 1928 Jun 03 | 1946 Jun 14 | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 35 | 36 | 37 | |||
| 1964 Jun 25 | 1982 Jul 06 | 2000 Jul 16 | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 38 | 39 | 40 | |||
| 2018 Jul 27 | 2036 Aug 07 | 2054 Aug 18 | |||
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 41 | 42 | 43 | |||
| 2072 Aug 28 | 2090 Sep 08 | 2108 Sep 20 | |||
|
|
|
|
||
| 44 | 45 | 46 | |||
| 2126 Oct 01 | 2144 Oct 11 | 2162 Oct 23 | |||
| 47 | 48 | ||||
| 2180 Nov 02 | 2198 Nov 13 | ||||
Tritos series
[edit]This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2200 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1804 Jan 26 (Saros 111) |
1814 Dec 26 (Saros 112) |
1825 Nov 25 (Saros 113) |
1836 Oct 24 (Saros 114) |
1847 Sep 24 (Saros 115) | |||||
| 1858 Aug 24 (Saros 116) |
1869 Jul 23 (Saros 117) |
1880 Jun 22 (Saros 118) |
1891 May 23 (Saros 119) |
1902 Apr 22 (Saros 120) | |||||
|
| ||||||||
| 1913 Mar 22 (Saros 121) |
1924 Feb 20 (Saros 122) |
1935 Jan 19 (Saros 123) |
1945 Dec 19 (Saros 124) |
1956 Nov 18 (Saros 125) | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1967 Oct 18 (Saros 126) |
1978 Sep 16 (Saros 127) |
1989 Aug 17 (Saros 128) |
2000 Jul 16 (Saros 129) |
2011 Jun 15 (Saros 130) | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2022 May 16 (Saros 131) |
2033 Apr 14 (Saros 132) |
2044 Mar 13 (Saros 133) |
2055 Feb 11 (Saros 134) |
2066 Jan 11 (Saros 135) | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2076 Dec 10 (Saros 136) |
2087 Nov 10 (Saros 137) |
2098 Oct 10 (Saros 138) |
2109 Sep 09 (Saros 139) |
2120 Aug 09 (Saros 140) | |||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
| 2131 Jul 10 (Saros 141) |
2142 Jun 08 (Saros 142) |
2153 May 08 (Saros 143) |
2164 Apr 07 (Saros 144) |
2175 Mar 07 (Saros 145) | |||||
| 2186 Feb 04 (Saros 146) |
2197 Jan 04 (Saros 147) | ||||||||
Inex series
[edit]The inex series repeats eclipses 20 days short of 29 years, repeating on average every 10571.95 days. This period is equal to 358 lunations (synodic months) and 388.5 draconic months. Saros series increment by one on successive Inex events and repeat at alternate ascending and descending lunar nodes.
This period is 383.6734 anomalistic months (the period of the Moon's elliptical orbital precession). Despite the average 0.05 time-of-day shift between subsequent events, the variation of the Moon in its elliptical orbit at each event causes the actual eclipse time to vary significantly. It is a part of Lunar Inex series 40.
All events in this series shown (from 1000 to 2500) are central total lunar eclipses.
| Descending node | Ascending node | Descending node | Ascending node | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saros | Date | Saros | Date | Saros | Date | Saros | Date |
| 95 | 1016 May 24 | 96 | 1045 May 3 | 97 | 1074 Apr 14 | 98 | 1103 Mar 25 |
| 99 | 1132 Mar 3 | 100 | 1161 Feb 12 | 101 | 1190 Jan 23 | 102 | 1219 Jan 2 |
| 103 | 1247 Dec 13 | 104 | 1276 Nov 23 | 105 | 1305 Nov 2 | 106 | 1334 Oct 13 |
| 107 | 1363 Sep 23 | 108 | 1392 Sep 2 | 109 | 1421 Aug 13 | 110 | 1450 Jul 24 |
| 111 | 1479 Jul 4 | 112 | 1508 Jun 13
|
113 | 1537 May 24 | 114 | 1566 May 4 |
| 115 | 1595 Apr 24 | 116 | 1624 Apr 3 | 117 | 1653 Mar 14 | 118 | 1682 Feb 21 |
| 119 | 1711 Feb 3 | 120 | 1740 Jan 13 | 121 | 1768 Dec 23 | 122 | 1797 Dec 4 |
| 123 | 1826 Nov 14 | 124 | 1855 Oct 25 | 125 | 1884 Oct 4 | 126 | 1913 Sep 15
|
| 127 | 1942 Aug 26
|
128 | 1971 Aug 6
|
129 | 2000 Jul 16
|
130 | 2029 Jun 26
|
| 131 | 2058 Jun 6
|
132 | 2087 May 17
|
133 | 2116 Apr 27 | 134 | 2145 Apr 7 |
| 135 | 2174 Mar 18 | 136 | 2203 Feb 26 | 137 | 2232 Feb 7 | 138 | 2261 Jan 17 |
| 139 | 2289 Dec 27 | 140 | 2318 Dec 9 | 141 | 2347 Nov 19 | 142 | 2376 Oct 28 |
| 143 | 2405 Oct 8 | 144 | 2434 Sep 18 | 145 | 2463 Aug 29 | 146 | 2492 Aug 8
|
Half-Saros cycle
[edit]A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros).[9] This lunar eclipse is related to two total solar eclipses of Solar Saros 136.
| July 11, 1991 | July 22, 2009 |
|---|---|
|
|
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ "July 16–17, 2000 Total Lunar Eclipse (Blood Moon)". timeanddate. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
- ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
- ^ EclipseWise – Six Millennium Catalog of Lunar Eclipses
- ^ "Total Lunar Eclipse of 2000 Jul 16" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
- ^ "Total Lunar Eclipse of 2000 Jul 16". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 12 November 2024.
- ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
- ^ "NASA - Catalog of Lunar Eclipses of Saros 129". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
- ^ Listing of Eclipses of series 129
- ^ Mathematical Astronomy Morsels, Jean Meeus, p.110, Chapter 18, The half-saros
External links
[edit]- Total Lunar Eclipse of 2000 July 16
- 2000 Jul 16 chart Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC
- Total Lunar Eclipse July 16, 2000
- Lunar Eclipse Facts: July 16, 2000
- NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day: Newton Crater: Evidence for Recent Water on Mars (26 July 2000)
- Total Lunar Eclipse of 2000 July 16 A Report with Photographs ©2000 by Fred Espenak]
- Total lunar eclipse 16 July 2000, as seen from Wellington New Zealand
- [1]
_(cropped).jpg)
