Dracontomelon dao
| Dracontomelon dao | |
|---|---|
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| Young crown | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Sapindales |
| Family: | Anacardiaceae |
| Subfamily: | Spondiadoideae |
| Genus: | Dracontomelon |
| Species: | D. dao
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| Binomial name | |
| Dracontomelon dao | |
| Synonyms | |
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List
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Dracontomelon dao, the Argus pheasant-tree,[3] Pacific walnut, Papuan walnut, New Guinea walnut, paldao or simply dao,[4] is a tree in the family Anacardiaceae, native to tropical Asia.
Description
[edit]Dracontomelon dao grows as a tropical canopy tree distinguished mostly by its height (reaching up to about 37 metres or 121 feet),[5] for its greyish-brown trunk which is branchless up to about 20 m (66 ft), and for its narrow buttresses which can reach up its trunk up to 6 m (20 ft) high. The species name is taken from the tree's name in Filipino.[6]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]Dracontomelon dao is found in the tropical forests of: peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra, the Philippines, Java, the Lesser Sunda Islands, Sulawesi, the Maluku Islands, New Guinea, Solomon Islands, the south Andaman Islands, the Nicobar Islands, eastern India, Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam.[7] The species also occurs in southern China and Fiji.[1]
Uses
[edit]Culinary use
[edit]The fruit is an ingredient in some popular Vietnamese dishes, made into a syrup for mixing into cold drinks, and can be dried and preserved as a snack.[8]
Medicinal uses
[edit]A decoction from the stem of the Lamyo is drunk by the Ayta people of Bataan as a treatment for wound infections.
The bark is used in the treatment of dysentery and in traditional medicine to provoke an abortion[9]
The fruit is depurative. It is used in the treatment of dermatitis. The mature fruits are used in dentistry[10]
Manuscript production
[edit]In Bali, the bark of the dao (book) is among several natural ingredients used to make a concoction for curing lontar leaves before they are bound to make writing material for manuscripts.[11] The tree itself was among many plants identified in manuscripts of the Kakawin Ramayana (as rahu).[12]
Use in decoration
[edit]The seed surface typically displays an intricate pattern with an approximate five-fold symmetry, and its five rhombic protrusions are reminiscent of primitive Buddha images. It is revered and called "Five Buddhas" in the North-East of Thailand and in Laos.
In popular culture
[edit]Namesake localities
[edit]The municipality of Dao, Capiz and the Barangay (village) of Dau in Mabalacat, Pampanga are named after the dao tree.
UPLB's leaning Dao
[edit]A specific specimen of Dracontomelon dao has become an icon for students and a tourist attraction of sorts for the University of the Philippines Los Baños.[13][14][15]
The tree inspired National Artist Leandro Locsin's design for the university's Student Union building, and for the buildings that now house UPLB's College of Agriculture and College of Development Communication - all three Locsin-designed buildings bearing a motif of repeating dao-like buttressed columns. The tree itself stood on the banks of Molawin Creek, on the site where the Student Union building was commissioned to be put up, so Locsin made the tree an element part of the building's layout, standing at the passenger drop-off point in front of the main entrance.[14]
Some time before 2005, the dao gradually began to lean "20 degrees to the side with respect to its vertical position due to its heavy crown and weakened root system", leading then-Chancellor Wilfredo P. David to order that it be cut down in 2005.[14][15] With testimony from some of UPLB's plant pathologists and urban forestry experts, and support from the Philippines' National Commission on Culture and the Arts and Department of Environment and Natural Resources, protesters managed to prevent the tree from being cut until David's term ended, after which the next chancellor, Luis Rey I. Velasco, decided not to cut it, and instead declared it one of the university's twelve "Centennial Heritage Trees."[13][14][15] When Typhoon Milenyo battered Los Baños and caused numerous trees in UPLB to fall down, the leaning Dao remained standing, turning the leaning dao into a legend of sorts; every time a strong typhoon comes along, UPLB constituents eagerly go to see if the dao is still standing, and anticipate another headline that says "UP Los Baños' leaning dao tree survives (name of typhoon)".[14][15]UP Los Baños leaning dao tree survives 'Pedring'‘Condemned’ leaning dao tree at UPLB survives ‘Milenyo’
References
[edit]- ^ a b Ganesan, S.K. (2021). "Dracontomelon dao". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T61983677A61983680. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
- ^ Merrill ED, Rolfe RA (1908) Philipp. J. Sci. C 3:108.
- ^ "Dracontomelon dao". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
- ^ "Dracontomelon dao | dao /RHS Gardening". www.rhs.org.uk.
- ^ "Paldao". The Wood Database. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ "Dracontomelon dao". asianplant.net. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
- ^ Roskov Y.; Kunze T.; Orrell T.; Abucay L.; Paglinawan L.; Culham A.; Bailly N.; Kirk P.; Bourgoin T.; Baillargeon G.; Decock W.; De Wever A. (2014). Didžiulis V. (ed.). "Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist". Species 2000: Reading, UK. Retrieved 20 January 2018.
- ^ "Dracontomelum - a beautiful and "tasty" legacy of Hanoi". hanoitimes.vn. Hanoi Times.
- ^ "Dao, Dracontomelon dao (Blanco) Merr. & Rolfe, PACIFIC WALNUT, Ren mian zi: Philippine Medicinal Herbs / Alternative Medicine". www.stuartxchange.org. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
- ^ "Dracontomelon dao - Useful Tropical Plants". tropical.theferns.info. Retrieved 2023-06-27.
- ^ Hinzler, H. (Jul 1993). "Balinese palm-leaf manuscripts". Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. 149 (3): 447. doi:10.1163/22134379-90003116.
- ^ Dede Mulyanto; Budiawati Supangkat; Hardian E. Nurseto; Johan Iskandar (Jan 2023). "Ethnobotanical identification of mango (Mangifera indica L.) and other fruit trees mentioned in Old Javanese Ramayana (10th century Java, Indonesia)". Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity. 24 (1): 611. doi:10.13057/biodiv/d240169.
- ^ a b "Centennial Heritage Trees: UPLB @100 - Plant Biology Division (PBD-IBS, UPLB)". Sites.google.com. Retrieved 24 October 2018.
- ^ a b c d e [1] [dead link]
- ^ a b c d "NCRPO, sangkot sa partisan politics | PSN Metro, Pilipino Star Ngayon…". Archived from the original on 31 January 2013.
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