Catcher pouch

A catcher pouch is a mail bag that can be used in conjunction with a mail hook to "catch" mail awaiting pickup from a moving train. Catcher pouches were most often used by railway post offices in the nineteenth century and the early twentieth century.^[1] Its use was limited to exchanges onto moving trains. The specially constructed catcher pouch was grabbed by the catcher mechanism in the passing railway car^[2] and the catcher pouch would release from the holding rings on the mail crane.^[3][4] This technique was known as "mail on the fly". Starting in the 1870s the use of this technique of the Railway Mail Service was an important issue in the United States. It was a popular technique and the backbone of the United States Postal Service through the 1930s.^[5][A]

When the mail clerk of the railway post office car grabbed the catcher pouch on the mail crane he would at the same time kick out the outgoing mail for delivery to that village. The idea behind the catcher pouch was that there could be an exchange of mail to villages too small to justify the train stopping.^[6] The complete transfer technique (tossing out the outgoing mail a second before grabbing the catcher pouch) required much skill and potentially could cause harm or even death for those not trained properly.^[7] Another reason why the catcher pouch and mail crane were developed is so the train did not have to slow down just for the exchange of mail.^[5]

The mail on-the-fly was not a smooth operating technique.^[8] One problem with the technique was that the postal clerk had to pay close attention when he raised the train's catcher arm. If it was raised too early there was a chance of hitting and destroying switch targets, telegraph poles, and railway semaphore signals, as well as the train's mail catcher arm. If the clerk was too late in raising the train's catcher arm, he might miss the catcher pouch altogether.^[9]

In the United Kingdom as early as 1855 an apparatus for snatching mailbags on-the-fly and delivering mail without stopping a train was in use at Slough, England. It continued in service until 1939.^[10]

A mail hook is an installation alongside a railroad where a catcher pouch can be hung, to be picked up by a passing train without the train having to stop.

Catcher pouches could not be used for any other purpose. The catcher pouch was to be used only for letters (sometimes newspapers were an exception). The maximum weight of a filled catcher pouch was to be 50 pounds (23 kg). The catcher pouch was to be locked and placed upside down on the mail crane no sooner than 10 minutes before the scheduled arrival of the Mail Train. The catcher pouch was to be tied in the middle before it was to be transferred. If a small amount of mail, it should be put in the lower half below the tie strap. If a large amount of mail, it should be divided equally between the upper half and the lower half of the catcher pouch.^[11]

The catcher pouch is a specialized form of sack made of an extra tough canvas material and had metal rings on each end so they could attach to the arm of a railway mail bag crane. The body of the pouch was strengthened by leather bindings both at the top and bottom. A Registered Mail pouch came also with a leather bottom and had a special postal lock to secure the contents. A leather strap was secured around the center of the canvas body of the catcher pouch when it was readied to be snatched by a passing train's mail hook.^[12]

• Melius, Louis (1917). The American postal service: history of the postal service from the earliest times. The American system described with full details of operation. Washington, D.C.: National Capital Press. Retrieved August 15, 2012 – via Internet Archive.
• Romanski, Fred J. (Fall 2005). "The Fast Mail: A History of the U.S. Railway Mail Service". Prologue Magazine. 37 (3). Washington, DC: Library of Congress: 1–6.

• Bergman, Edwin B. (1980) 29 Years to Oblivion, The Last Years of Railway Mail Service in the United States, Mobile Post Office Society, Omaha, Nebraska.
• Crissy, Forrest (December 1902). "The Traveling Post-Office". The World's Work: A History of Our Time. V: 2873–2880. Retrieved 2009-07-10.
• Culbreth, Ken (2007). The railway mail clerk and the highway post office: when the mail really worked: the story of the postal service's elite. Victoria, B.C., Canada: Trafford Publishing. ISBN 9781412202275.
• Cushing, Marshall (1893). The Story of Our Post Office: The Greatest Government Department in all its Phases. Boston, Massachusetts: A.M. Thayer & Co – via Internet Archive.
• Long, Bryant Alden (1951). Mail by Rail. New York: Simmons-Boardman Publishing Corporation.
• National Postal Transport Association. (1956) Mail in Motion, Railway Mail Service Library, Boyce, Virginia. Portion available as a video clip at http://www.railwaymailservicelibrary.org/videos/MIM-01.MPG
• Romanski, Fred J. The Fast Mail, History of the Railway Mail Service, Prologue Vol. 37 No. 3, Fall 2005, College Park, Maryland.
• Pennypacker, Bert The Evolution of Railway Mail, National Railway Bulletin Vol. 60 No. 2, 1995, Philadelphia.
• Towle, Charles L.; Meyer, Henry A. (1958). "Railroad Postmarks of the U.S.], 1861-1886". Archived from the original on November 18, 2011. Retrieved August 21, 2012.
• U.S. Post Office Department. (1956) Men and Mail in Transit, Railway Mail Service Library, Boyce, Virginia. Portion available as a video clip at http://www.railwaymailservicelibrary.org/videos/m&mit01.MPG
• Wilking, Clarence R. (1985). The Railway Mail Service United States Mail Railway Post Office (MSWord). Marietta, OH, Boyce, Virginia: Railway Mail Service Library.

• Mail on-the-fly 1903 video from Library of Congress (notice the clerk tossing the outgoing mail a moment before receiving the catcher pouch.)
• At the Smithsonian National Postal Museum:

  Catcher pouch history Archived 2013-08-15 at the Wayback Machine

  Further history on the catcher pouch and mail-on-the-Fly Archived 2013-08-15 at the Wayback Machine