Black mamo

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Black mamo
Black mamo (Drepanis funerea)
Conservation status
Extinct (1907)  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Fringillidae
Subfamily:	Carduelinae
Genus:	Drepanis
Species:	†D. funerea
Binomial name
†Drepanis funerea Newton, 1894
Synonyms
Drepanorhynchus funereus[2]

The black mamo (Drepanis funerea), also known as the hoa, is an extinct species of Hawaiian honeycreeper once endemic to the island of Molokai; there is also subfossil evidence of it having lived on Maui.^[3]

It measured 8 inches (20 cm) from bill to tail, and was black with faded white primaries and yellow at the base of the bill. The highly decurved bill was longer in the male. Often the forehead would be dusted with pollen of its favorite food, the Lobelia. The mamo's song was a group of nasal whistles that sounded like a flute along with a long held out trill. This bird has had many names including Molokai mamo, o’o nuku’umu, which meant "o’o with sucking beak", and Perkins's mamo, after ornithologist R.C.L Perkins who produced most of the information about this species.

By habit an understory bird, it was affected by the introduction of cattle and deer which destroyed much of its habitat, as well as direct and egg predation by introduced rats and mongooses.

It was discovered in 1893 in the Pelekuna Valley, and named Drepanis funerea by Perkins because it appeared to him to be a dark mourning bird.

The last specimen was collected in 1907 by William Alanson Bryan. Tim Flannery quoted him as having written, "To my joy I found the mangled remains hanging in the tree in a thick bunch of leaves, six feet or more beyond where it had been sitting." Even if Bryan did not shoot the last black mamo, sightings stopped within a few years, and a large-scale search for this bird in 1936 found no specimens.

Preserved specimens of the black mamo include the ones at Bremen, Boston, Honolulu, London and New York City.

• Hume, Julian P.; Walters, Michael (2012). Extinct Birds. London, UK: T & AD Poyser. ISBN 978-1-4081-5725-1.
• Extinct Birds of Hawaii
• Tim Flannery & Peter Schouten, A Gap in Nature, ISBN 1-876485-77-9

• Species factsheet - BirdLife International