Behavior informatics

Behavior informatics (BI) is the informatics of behaviors so as to obtain behavior intelligence and behavior insights.^[1] BI is a research method combining science and technology, specifically in the area of engineering. The purpose of BI includes analysis of current behaviors as well as the inference of future possible behaviors. This occurs through pattern recognition.^[2]

Different from applied behavior analysis from the psychological perspective, BI builds computational theories, systems and tools to qualitatively and quantitatively model, represent, analyze, and manage behaviors of individuals, groups and/or organizations.^[2]

BI is built on classic study of behavioral science,^[3] including behavior modeling, applied behavior analysis, behavior analysis, behavioral economics, and organizational behavior. Typical BI tasks consist of individual and group behavior formation, representation,^[4] computational modeling,^[5] analysis,^[6] learning,^[7] simulation,^[8] and understanding of behavior impact, utility, non-occurring behaviors etc. for behavior intervention and management. The Behavior Informatics approach to data utilizes cognitive as well as behavioral data. By combining the data, BI has the potential to effectively illustrate the big picture when it comes to behavioral decisions and patterns. One of the goals of BI is also to be able to study human behavior while eliminating issues like self-report bias. This creates more reliable and valid information for research studies. ^[9]

Behavior analytics

Behavior informatics covers behavior analytics which focuses on analysis and learning of behavioral data.

Behavior

From an Informatics perspective, a behavior consists of three key elements:

actors (behavioral subjects and objects),
operations (actions, activities) and
interactions (relationships), and their properties.

A behavior can be represented as a behavior vector, all behaviors of an actor or an actor group can be represented as behavior sequences and multi-dimensional behavior matrix. The following table explains some of the elements of behavior. ^[1]


Term	Definition
Subject	Who is performing the activity.
Object	To whom the activity is performed.
Context	The environment surrounding an activity. This includes what happens before, during, and after the activity.
Action	The activity the subject is performing
Goal	The intended end target the subject hopes to achieve through the action.

Behavior Informatics takes into account behavior when analyzing business patterns and intelligence. The inclusion of behavior in these analyses provides prominent information on social and driving factors of patterns.^[10]

Applications

Behavior Informatics is being used in a variety of settings, including but not limited to health care management, telecommunications, marketing, and security.^[2]^[11]^[12] Behavior Informatics is a turning point for the health care system.^{[peacock prose]} Behavior Informatics provides a manner in which to analyze and organize the many aspects that go into a person's health care needs and decisions.^[2] When it comes to business models, behavior informatics may be utilized for a similar role. Organizations implement behavior informatics to enhance business structure and regime where it helps moderate ideal business decisions and situations.^[11]

References

^ ^a ^b Cao, Longbing (2010). "In-depth Behavior Understanding and Use: the Behavior Informatics Approach". Information Science. 180 (17): 3067–3085. arXiv:2007.15516. doi:10.1016/j.ins.2010.03.025. S2CID 7400761.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Pavel, Misha (2015). "Behavioral Informatics and Computational Modeling in Support of Proactive Health Management and Care". IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 62 (12): 2763–2775. doi:10.1109/TBME.2015.2484286. PMC 4809752. PMID 26441408.
^ Hinkle, D.E.; Wiersma, W.; Jurs, S.G. (2002). Applied Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences: Applying Statistical Concepts. Wadsworth Publishing.
^ Wang, Can; et al. (2015). "Formalization and Verification of Group Behavior Interactions". IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems. 45 (8): 1109–1124. doi:10.1109/TSMC.2015.2399862. S2CID 18274342.
^ Ilgen, D.R.; Hulin., C.L. (Eds.) (2000). Computational Modeling of Behavior in Organizations: The Third Scientific Discipline. American Psychological Association.
^ Pierce, W.D.; Cheney, C.D. (2008). Behavior Analysis and Learning. Psychology Press.
^ Xu, Y.S.; Lee, K.C. (2005). Human Behavior Learning and Transfer. CRC Press.
^ Zacharias, G.L.; MacMillan, J. (Eds.) (2008). Behavioral Modeling and Simulation: From Individuals to Societies. National Academies Press.
^ Ghosh, Isha (2020). "Behavior Informatics". In Gellman, Marc D. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. New York, NY: Springer New York. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6439-6. ISBN 978-1-4614-6439-6.
^ Cao, Longbing (2008). "Behavior Informatics and Analytics: Let Behavior Talk". 2008 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops. pp. 87–96. doi:10.1109/ICDMW.2008.95. hdl:10453/10879. S2CID 10850849.
^ ^a ^b Cao, Longbing (2010-09-01). "In-depth behavior understanding and use: The behavior informatics approach". Information Sciences. Including Special Section on Virtual Agent and Organization Modeling: Theory and Applications. 180 (17): 3067–3085. arXiv:2007.15516. doi:10.1016/j.ins.2010.03.025. ISSN 0020-0255. S2CID 7400761.
^ Lane, R.O.; State-Davey, H.M.; Taylor, C.J.; Holmes, W.J.; Boon, R.A.; Round, M.D. (7 September 2023). Behavioural Analytics: Mathematics of the Mind (PDF). 7th IMA Conference on Mathematics in Defence and Security. Institute of Mathematics and its Applications.

[:2-1] Cao, Longbing (2010). "In-depth Behavior Understanding and Use: the Behavior Informatics Approach". Information Science. 180 (17): 3067–3085. arXiv:2007.15516. doi:10.1016/j.ins.2010.03.025. S2CID 7400761.

[:02-2] Pavel, Misha (2015). "Behavioral Informatics and Computational Modeling in Support of Proactive Health Management and Care". IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering. 62 (12): 2763–2775. doi:10.1109/TBME.2015.2484286. PMC 4809752. PMID 26441408.

[3] Hinkle, D.E.; Wiersma, W.; Jurs, S.G. (2002). Applied Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences: Applying Statistical Concepts. Wadsworth Publishing.

[:1-4] Wang, Can; et al. (2015). "Formalization and Verification of Group Behavior Interactions". IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems. 45 (8): 1109–1124. doi:10.1109/TSMC.2015.2399862. S2CID 18274342.

[5] Ilgen, D.R.; Hulin., C.L. (Eds.) (2000). Computational Modeling of Behavior in Organizations: The Third Scientific Discipline. American Psychological Association.

[6] Pierce, W.D.; Cheney, C.D. (2008). Behavior Analysis and Learning. Psychology Press.

[7] Xu, Y.S.; Lee, K.C. (2005). Human Behavior Learning and Transfer. CRC Press.

[:0-8] Zacharias, G.L.; MacMillan, J. (Eds.) (2008). Behavioral Modeling and Simulation: From Individuals to Societies. National Academies Press.

[9] Ghosh, Isha (2020). "Behavior Informatics". In Gellman, Marc D. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. New York, NY: Springer New York. doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6439-6. ISBN 978-1-4614-6439-6.

[10] Cao, Longbing (2008). "Behavior Informatics and Analytics: Let Behavior Talk". 2008 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops. pp. 87–96. doi:10.1109/ICDMW.2008.95. hdl:10453/10879. S2CID 10850849.

[:12-11] Cao, Longbing (2010-09-01). "In-depth behavior understanding and use: The behavior informatics approach". Information Sciences. Including Special Section on Virtual Agent and Organization Modeling: Theory and Applications. 180 (17): 3067–3085. arXiv:2007.15516. doi:10.1016/j.ins.2010.03.025. ISSN 0020-0255. S2CID 7400761.

[12] Lane, R.O.; State-Davey, H.M.; Taylor, C.J.; Holmes, W.J.; Boon, R.A.; Round, M.D. (7 September 2023). Behavioural Analytics: Mathematics of the Mind (PDF). 7th IMA Conference on Mathematics in Defence and Security. Institute of Mathematics and its Applications.

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