Achomi language
| Achomi | |
|---|---|
| Larestani, Khodmooni | |
| اچُمی ,𐬀𐬗𐬊𐬨𐬉 ,خودمونی | |
 | |
| Native to | |
| Region | Irahistan (Parts of Fars, Hormozgan, Bushehr, Kerman)[1] |
| Ethnicity | Achum (Ajam) |
Native speakers | 120,000 (2021)[2] |
Early form | |
| Dialects |
|
| Pahlavi scripts, Persian alphabet (Nastaʿlīq)[2] | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | lrl |
| Glottolog | lari1253 |
| ELP | Lari |
 Achomi is classified as Definitely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger | |
Achomi (Persian: اچُمی), also known as Khodmooni[7] and Larestani,[8] is a Persian and Southwestern Iranian language spoken by people in southern Fars and western Hormozgan and by significant numbers of Ajam citizens in the UAE, Bahrain, Kuwait, and other neighbouring countries.[9][10]
It is the predominant language of Gerash, Larestan, Lamerd, Khonj, and Evaz counties in Fars and Bastak County and Ruydar in Hormozgan Province.[9][10]
Moreover, many cities, towns, and villages in Iran have their own particular dialect, such as Larestan, Khonj, Gerash, and Banaruiyeh. The majority of Achomi speakers are Sunni Muslims, with a minority being Shia Muslims.[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]
Etymology and name of the language
[edit]There are different ways to refer to this language.
- Achomi: Native speakers often refer to their language as "ačomī", which means "I go" in the language.[5] Other explanations for this name are the language's frequent usage of the [tʃ] consonant, and that Arabs, with whom these people traded, called them 'Ajam', which means non-Arab.[19]
- Khodmooni: In GCC states surrounding the Persian Gulf, Achomis are referred to as Khodmooni'.[7] This translates to "of our own kind".[7][9][10]
- Lari: This language is sometimes called Lari.[20] To reiterate, 'Lar' originates from 'Lad' which means "the origin of everything".[6] It is also important to note that Lari can be used to refer to a dialect or a language.[5]
History
[edit]The Achomi language can be considered a descendant of the Sassanid Persian language or Middle Persian.[4]
Achomi language and its various local dialects such as Lari, Evazi, Khonji, Gerashi, Bastaki, etc., is the branch of the Middle Persian (Pahlavi) language of the Sassanid Empire.[3]
Today, the language is known as an endangered language.[20] In particular, UNESCO refers to it as a "definitely endangered" language with approximately 1,180,000 speakers.[20] It also does not have official language status in Iran. This is because Iran only recognizes standard Persian as an official language. However, Iran allows the use of minority languages, such as Achomi, in the media and the education system (alongside Persian).[21] Nevertheless, Achomi remains an endangered language with many dialectal differences gradually disappearing because of the domination of Persian.[20][22]
Many Iranians moved to GCC States in order to pursue better economic opportunities.[23] This included Achomis.[7] These Achomis are often multilingual.[7] Achomi migrants still speak this language in their homes, however, this variety has been influenced by the Arabic language a little but is mutually intelligible with standard Persian.[3]
Classification
[edit]The language is a branch of the Pahlavi language.[6] This means that it shares the ergative structure of Pahlavi.[6] It is also an analytical language.[5] This can be linked back to its membership in the southwestern branch of Middle-Iranian languages.[5][6]
Except for the regional accent, pronunciation of certain words, and a slight variation in grammar, this old language has been the common language of the Southwestern Pars Province and parts of Hormozgan Province for nearly 1,800 years despite the various conquests of the region since the fall of the Sassanid Empire.[24]
Dialects
[edit]Achomi has many dialects.[22][19][6] These dialects correspond to Larestan's different towns.[6] Examples of these dialects include Lari, Evazi, Gerashi, Khonji and Bastaki.[22]These dialectical variations may present themselves through pronunciation.[6][19] There may also be grammatical and word differences between the dialects.[22] Hence, if the speaker is from Evaz, they are referred as speaking Evazi, and if they are from Bastak their dialect is known as Bastaki.[7]
An example of a dialectal variation: in some particular regions, Achomi people say raftom for "I went" (very similar to the Persian raftam), but in some other regions, just as Lar people, they say chedem (Kurdish: dichim or dechim) instead.
Samples
[edit]Vocabulary
[edit]| English | Achomi | Kurdish | New Persian (Farsi) |
|---|---|---|---|
| I/me | اُم, om
مُ, mo |
Kurmanji: mi / min | Standard: من, romanized: man |
| You | اُت, ot | Kurmanji: tu / te | Standard: تو, romanized: toe |
| He/she | اُش, osh | Kurmanji: wi | Standard: او, romanized: ou |
| We | مُ, mo | Kurmanji: me | Standard: ما, romanized: ma |
| You (plural) | تُ, to | Kurmanji: we | Standard: شما, romanized: shoma |
| They | شُ, sho | Kurmanji: wan | Standard: آنها, romanized: aneha |
Grammatical features
[edit]Past tense verbs
[edit]First type
[edit]To make simple past verbs
The ids (om / ot / osh / mo / to / sho) + The simple past root of the first type.
Example:
| English | Achomi | Kurdish | New Persian (Farsi) |
|---|---|---|---|
| I told | اُم گُت, om got | Kurmanji: مِن گُت, romanized: Min got | Standard: گفتم/من گفتَم, romanized: goftam/man goftam |
| He/she won | اُش بو, Osh bu | Kurmanji: Wî/wê qezenc kir | Standard: او برنده شد, romanized: o barandeh shod |
| You ate (plural) | تُ خا, To kha | Kurmanji: تی خوار, romanized: Te xwar | Standard: شما خورده اید, romanized: shma khordeh id |
Second type
[edit]The root of the past simple second type + ids (em / esh / ruleless / am / ee / en)
Example:
| English | Achomi | Kurdish | New Persian (Farsi) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Went (I) | چِد اِم, Ched em | Kurmanji: çûm | Standard: رفتهام, romanized: raftah-am |
| Went (you) | چِد اِش, Ched esh | Kurmanji: çûyî | Standard: رفتی, romanized: rafti |
| Went (she/he) | چو, Chu | Kurmanji: çû | Standard: رفت, romanized: raft |
| Went (we) | چِد اَم, Ched am | Kurmanji: çûn | Standard: رفتیم, romanized: raftim |
| Went (you-plural) | چِد ای, Ched ee | Kurmanji: çûyî | Standard: رفته اید, romanized: rafteh id |
| Went (they) | چِد اِن, Ched en | Kurmanji: çûn | Standard: رفتند, romanized: raftand |
And...
Ergativity
[edit]To create an ergative verb in past tense we can use the verb root plus its proper prefix.
For example, in Achomi, the root for the verb "to tell" is "got" (gota equals "tell").
| English | Achomi | Kurdish | New Persian (Farsi) |
|---|---|---|---|
| I told | اُم گُت, om got | Kurmanji: mi/min got | Standard: گفتم/من گفتم, romanized: goftam/man goftam |
| You told | اُت گُت, ot got | Kurmanji: tu/te got | Standard: شما گفتید, romanized: shma goftid |
| He/she told | اُش گُت, osh got | Kurmanji: wi got | Standard: او گفت, romanized: o goft |
| We told | مُ گُت, mo got | Kurmanji: me got | Standard: گفتیم/ما گفتیم, romanized: goftim/ma goftim |
| You (plural) told | تُ گُت, to got | Kurmanji: we got | Standard: شما گفتید, romanized: shoma goftid |
| They told | شُ گُت, sho got | Kurmanji: wan got | Standard: گفتند/آنها گفتند, romanized: goftand/aneya goftand
Tehrani/Iranian: گفتن/اینا گفتن, romanized: goftan/ena goftan |
Another example: "deda" means "see," and "dee" Kurdish (Deed or dee) is the root verb. So:
| English | Achomi | Kurdish | New Persian (Farsi) |
|---|---|---|---|
| I saw | اُم دِی, om dee | Kurmanji: mi/min deed/dee | Standard: دیدم/من دیدم, romanized: didam/man didam |
| You saw | اُت دِی, ot dee | Kurmanji: tu/te dee | Standard: دیدی/شما دیدید, romanized: didi/shoma didid |
| He/she saw | اُش دِی, osh dee | Kurmanji: wi dee | Standard: او دید, romanized: ou deed |
| We saw | مُ دِی, mo dee | Kurmanji: me dee | Standard: ما دیدیم, romanized: ma deedeem |
| You (plural) saw | تُ دِی, to dee | Kurmanji: we dee | Standard: تو دیدی, romanized: toe deedy |
| They saw | شُ دِی, sho dee | Kurmanji: wan dee | Standard: آنها دیدن, romanized: inha deedan |
Simple present
[edit]To create a simple present or continued present tense of a transitive verb, here's another example:
| English | Achomi | Kurdish (Karmanji) | New Persian (Farsi) |
|---|---|---|---|
| I am telling... | اَ گُت اِم, a got a'em | Ez dibêjim... | Standard: دارم میگم..., romanized: daram migam |
| You are telling... | اَ گُت اِش, a got a'esh | Tu dibêjî... | Standard: تو داری میگی..., romanized: to dari migi |
| He/she is telling... | اَ گُت اَی, a got ay | Ew dibêje ... | Standard: داره میگه..., romanized: dareh migeh... |
| We are telling | اَ گُت اَم, a got a'am | Em dibêjin | Standard: داریم می گوییم, romanized: darim mi guyim |
| You (pl) are telling... | اَ گُت اِی, a got ee | Tu dibêjî | Standard: شما می گویید, romanized: shma mi guyid |
| They are telling... | اَ گُت اِن, a got a'en | Ew dibêjin ... | Standard: دارند می گویند, romanized: darand mi guyand |
For the verb "see" ("deda"):
adead'em, adeda'esh, adeaday,...
Sentences
[edit]| Achomi | New Persian (Farsi) | English |
|---|---|---|
| اوش گت اِ خَش نی
osh got e khash ne |
Standard: او گفت این خوب نیست, romanized: o goft en khob neest
Bushehri: او گفت این نه خوبه |
He/she said this is not good |
| ریبای اُش گُت: مَم نای خونَه مِن
Ribay osh got: Mam nay khone min |
Standard: روباه گفت: من نیازی ندارم، من خانهای دارَم
Tehrani/Iranian: روباه گفت: من نیازی ندارم، خونه دارَم Bushehri: روباه گفت: مو نیازی ندارُم، مو خونهای دارُم |
The fox said: I don’t need it, I have a home already. |
| اُشنا فَمی چُنگ بُکُن اِران فِک کَت اُچی اَ خونَهی دامونِ اُشتُری
Oshna fami chung bokon eran fek kat ochi a khone-ye damon-e oshtori |
Standard: او نمیدانست چه کار کند، فکر کرد میتواند برود به خانهی خاله شتر
Tehrani/Iranian: اون نمیدونست چی کار کنه، فکر کرد میتونه بره خونهی خاله شتر Bushehri: روباه گفت: مو نیازی ندارُم، مو خونهای دارُم |
He didn’t know what to do, he thought he could go to the aunt camel’s house. |
| دامون اُشتُری در واز اُشکی، اوی گُت: از کَ هُندش
Damon oshtori dar vaz oshki, oy got: Az ka hondash |
Standard: خاله شتر در را باز کرد، او گفت: از کجا آمدی؟ | The aunt camel opened the door, he/she said: where did you come from? |
| ریبای: مَ از خونمو
ribay: ma az khonamo |
Standard: روباه: من از خانه آمده ام
Bushehri: روباه: مو از خانه آمدُم |
Fox: I [came] from home |
| دامونٍ أُشتُرى اگی: بَر جِه هُندِسِش اَ اِكِه؟
damone oshtori agee: bar che honsesh aeke? |
Standard: خاله شتر گفت: برای چی آمدی اینجا؟
Tehrani/Iranian: خاله شتر گفت: چرا آمدی اینجا؟ Bushehri: خاله شتر گفت: سی چه آمدی اینجا؟ |
Camel aunt said: why did you come here? |
| ربياى: خونم پر تا پره او بُده
ribay: khonamo por ta pore ow bode |
Fox: my home was full of water | |
| أُشتُرى: بِدو اِ كِه پَس دَروازَ هُخَت
oshtori: bedo eke pase darvaza okhat |
Camel: sleep behind my door | |
| ربياى: مَ مِ کِ نا خَتِم, دَروازَى گُتى گُتى مَ لى بِكِت
ribay: ma meke nakhatem, daravazy goti goti mali beket |
Standard: روباه: من نمی توانم آنجا بخوابم، ممکن است در بزرگ روی من بیفتد
Tehrani/Iranian: روباه: من اونجا نمیتونم بخوابم، در بزرگ ممکنه رو سرم بیفته Bushehri: روباه: مو اونجا نمیتونُم بِخوسُم، دروازه گتو ممکنه رو کلهام/سرُم بیفته |
Fox: I can't sleep there, the big door might fall on me |
| أُشتُرى: نِپَ بُرو پَنِ خُمَ هُخَت
oshtori: nepa boro pane khoma hokhat |
Camel: go sleep next to the park | |
| ریبای اگی: خومَه ى كُتى كُتى مَلى بِكِت
robaye agee: khomaye goti goti mali beket |
||
| شَ هَرجُ اَگُت هُخَت شَ گُت مَ ناخَتِم
sha harjo agot hokhat, shagot ma nakhatem |
Standard: هر جا بهش گفت بخواب، گفت نمیخوابَم
Bushehri: هر جا سیش گفت بخوس، گفت نمیخوسُم |
Wherever he told him to sleep he said I wont sleep |
Poetry
[edit]| Achomi | New Persian (Farsi) | English |
|---|---|---|
| گل بستانِن اسمُش نادُنِم
Gol bostanen esmush nadonem سرو گلستانِن اسمُش نادُنِم Sarv golestanen esmush nadonem |
گل بوستان است، نامش را نمیبرم
سرو گلستان است، نامش را نمیدانم |
The flower is from the garden, but I do not mention its name.
The cypress is from the grove, but I do not know its name. |
| جمال زیبایش هَرکِش نَدِدُه
Jamal zibayesh har kesh nadede چون ماه تابانِن اسمُش نادُنِم Chon mah tabanen esmush nadonem |
چهرهٔ زیبای او را هر کس ندیدهاست [بداند که]
چون ماه تابان است، نامش را نمیدانم |
Those who have not seen their beautiful face [should know that]
It shines like the radiant moon, but I do not know their name. |
| کمند گیسویش حلقهحلقه هِن
Kamand gisuyehsh halqeh-halqeh hen چو عنبرافشانِن اسمُش نادُنِم cho anbara afshanen esmush nadonem |
گیسویش همچون کمندی، حلقهحلقه است،
که عطر عنبر میپراکند — نامش را نمیدانم. |
Her hair, like a lasso, is curled in perfect rings,
Scattering the fragrance of ambergris — I do not know her name. |
| بِگِرد رخسار ماه اَنوَرُش
Begard rokhsar mah anvoresho گِزِیْرِ چوگانِن اسمُش نادُنِم Gezir-e choganen esmush nadonem |
بر گرد عارضش ماه انوری است
که زیر چوگان [زلفش محاط] است، نامش را نمیدانم |
Around their visage is a luminous moon,
Encircled beneath the arc of their tresses, but I do not know their name. |
| کمان ابرویش وقت قصد دل
Kaman abruyesh vaght qasd del با تیر مژگانِن اسمُش نادُنِم Ba tir-e mozhganen esmush nadonem |
کمان ابروی او [در] هنگام شکار دل [عاشق]
به همراه تیر مژگان است، نامش را نمیدانم |
The bow of their eyebrow, in the hunt for a lover's heart,
Is accompanied by the arrow of their lashes, but I do not know their name. |
| چشمان شهلایَش پناهم بخدا
Cheshman-e shahlayash panah-am be khoda رهزن ایمانِن اسمُش نادُنِم Rahzan-e iman-en esmush nadonem |
[از] چشمان شهلای او پناه به خدا میبرم
[که] رهزن ایمان است، نامش را نمیدانم |
I seek refuge in God from their captivating, doe-like eyes,
For they are a thief of faith, but I do not know their name. |
| دماغ باریکش پَترِنُویْ طلا
Damaq-e barikash patrenavi tala چن چفت و موزونِن اسمُش نادُنِم Chen cheft o mozounen esmush nadonem |
[بر] بینی باریک او پتری طلا
چقدر متناسب و موزون است، نامش را نمیدانم |
Upon their slender nose lies a golden ornament,
So perfectly balanced and harmonious, but I do not know their name. |
| دهان چون میمش دُرْجِ مُرْوَرِی
Dahan chon mimash dorj-e morvari پستهٔ خندانِن اسمُش نادُنِم Pesteh khandanen esmush nadonem |
دهان چون میم او [که] پر از مروارید است
پستهٔ خندان را مانَد، نامش را نمیدانم |
Her mouth, shaped like the letter Mīm, is filled with pearls,
It resembles a laughing pistachio; I do not know her name. |
| لعل لب قندُش چون نبات ناب
La’l-e lab-e ghandesh chon nabat-e nab عقیق و مرجانِن اسمُش نادُنِم Aqiq o marjanen esmush nadonem |
لعل لب شکرینش چون نبات و یا
[چون] عقیق و مرجان است، نامش را نمیدانم |
Her sweet lips of ruby are like sugarcane,
Or like agate and coral; I do not know her name. |
| در مجلس صحبت خوشمَثَل چُونُویْ
Dar majles sohbat khosh-masale chonovey بلبل خوشخوانِن اسمُش نادُنِم Bolbol-e khosh-khanen esmush nadonem |
در گفتگو و سخن از بس خوشصحبت است
[مانند] بلبل خوشخوان است، نامش را نمیدانم |
In conversation and speech, she is so charming,
She is like a sweet-singing nightingale; I do not know her name. |
| لِه سینهٔ صافُش آخی بر دلم
Le sineh safesh, akhi bar delam دو سیب پستانِن اسمُش نادُنِم Do sib-e pestanen esmush nadonem |
روی سینهٔ صافش، ای وای بر دلم
پستان او چون دو سیب است، نامش را نمیدانم |
On her smooth chest—oh, woe to my heart!
Her breasts are like two apples; I do not know her name. |
| همچون دل عاشق بیقرار و تاب
Hamchon del-e asheq biqarar o tab زیبق لرزانِن اسمُش نادُنِم Zeybaq-e larzanen esmush nadonem |
||
| فیروزهانگشتر شَه انگشت بلور
Firouzeh angoshtar-e shah angosht-e bolour دست پُر بِهْبانِن[ح] اسمُش نادُنِم Dast-e por behbanen esmush nadonem |
||
| هنگام آرایش زیب صورتُش
Hengam-e arayesh zeyb-e sooratesh مشاطَه حیرانِن اسمُش نادُنِم Mashateh heyranen esmush nadonem |
به هنگام آرایش، [از] زیبایی صورت او
مشاطه حیران است، نامش را نمیدانم |
When adorned, her face is so beautiful
That even the beautician is left astonished; I do not know her name. |
| تِی سوخْتَنِی[خ] چِیْتُش وقتی شَه سُرُه
Ti sokhtane chitash vaghti shah sareh آشوب دورانِن اسمُش نادُنِم Ashoob-e dorananen esmush nadonem |
[با] نقاب و سرپوش چیت وقتی که بر سر دارد
آشوبگر دوران است، نامش را نمیدانم |
With her veil and cotton scarf upon her head,
She is the turmoil of her time; I do not know her name. |
| جُمخُو مَلَسجُوزِی غرق پولکی
Jomkho malas-jozi qarq-e poolaki تا وَرِ کیبانِن اسمُش نادُنِم Ta var-e keibanen esmush nadonem |
پیراهن ابریشمین گلدرشت او [که] غرق از پولک [طلایی] است
[کوتاه] و تا لبهٔ آغاز دامن [او]ست، نامش را نمیدانم |
Her floral silk dress, covered in golden sequins,
Short and just above the hemline; I do not know her name. |
| شلوار یَکتاکِی چیتِ اطلسی
Shalvar-e yaktake chit-e atlasi به پای جانانِن اسمُش نادُنِم Be pay-e jananen esmush nadonem |
شلوار یکطرفهٔ [دامن] او از چیت اطلسی
به پای او جانانه [و خوشنما] است، نامش را نمیدانم |
Her one-sided skirt of atlas cotton
Graces her legs beautifully; I do not know her name. |
| از مُو دل اُشبُردُه ان مَپِش بگُوی
Az mo del eshborde an mapash begoy که شاه خوبانِن اسمُش نادُنِم Ke shah-e khobanen esmush nadonem |
از من دلم را ربودهاست، کسی نزد او [این سخن را] نگوید
که او شاه خوبان است، نامش را نمیدانم |
She has stolen my heart—let no one tell her this,
For she is the queen of beauties; I do not know her name. |
| دیوانه اُشکردِم نادُنِم کِه هِن
Divaneh-osh kerdem nadonem ke hen دل از غَمُش خونِن اسمُش نادُنِم Del az ghamash khoonen esmush nadonem |
مرا دیوانه کردهاست و نمیدانم که کیست
دل [من] از غمش خون است، نامش را نمیدانم |
She has driven me mad, and I do not know who she is,
My heart bleeds from her sorrow; I do not know her name. |
| از ساعتی کِمْدِی هنگام پَسین
Az sa’ati kemdi hangam-e pasin چشم مُو گریانِن اسمُش نادُنِم Cheshm-e mo geryanen esmush nadonem |
از لحظهای که به هنگام بعد از ظهر دیدمش
چشم من گریان است، نامش را نمیدانم |
Since the moment I saw her that afternoon,
My eyes have been tearful; I do not know her name. |
| مَکِس خریدارِن بَر اِنِ مَخَه
Makas kharidaren bar en makhah یوسف کنعانِن اسمُش نادُنِم Yousef-e Kan’ananen esmush nadonem |
همهکس خریدار او هستند [با آنچنان عشوه و دلرباییاش]، مگر
او یوسف کنعانی است، نامش را نمیدانم |
Everyone admires her with such charm and grace—
Could she be Joseph of Canaan? I do not know her name. |
| عاشق رخسارُش والله که وَ دل
Asheq-e rokhsar-osh vallah ke va del غمناک و محزونِن اسمُش نادُنِم Ghamnak o mahzounen esmush nadonem |
| Achomi | New Persian (Farsi) | English |
|---|---|---|
| تا بهاره بِدا تَو چَم بَر اَصَحرَو بُكُنَم
اَمِن خرمن گل بازي اَتَي تَو بكنم |
وقتی بهار میرسد، در دشتها و صحراها قدم خواهم زد،
و در خرمن گلها به دلخواه بازی خواهم کرد. |
When spring arrives, I will wander along the plains and deserts,
I will play with the fields of flowers as much as I desire. |
| چُنِ مهتاب بدا تا شَو نِخَتَم تا گل صبح
كسي نادُو كه صَبا رُز شَواشَو بُكُنَم |
مانند نور ماه، تا طلوع صبح بیدار خواهم ماند،
و کسی نخواهد دانست که صبح را با نسیم به آواز میخوانم. |
Like moonlight, I will stay awake until dawn, until the morning blooms,
No one will know that I turn the morning breeze into song. |
| مخملِ سَوز شَبَر دشت بيابو اَمَه جا
بِدا ازتَم بِشَخَم غصَه شَوا اَو بُكُنَم |
روی مخمل دشتهای بیابانی در شب،
غمهایم را دور میکنم و آنها را به آب تبدیل میکنم. |
On the velvet-strewn fields of the desert at night,
I will scatter my sorrows away and turn them into water. |
| چه خَشه بوي گل شبّو كه مُناره تا پسين
چَش اَلوي يك اُنِسَم يك چُندُكوي خَو بُكُنم |
چه بوی خوشی از گل شببو که تا غروب میپیچد،
به آن خیره میشوم و در آغوشش به خوابی آرام فرو میروم. |
How sweet is the fragrance of night-blooming jasmine at sunset,
I will gaze upon it and sleep peacefully in its embrace. |
| آسمون ابري بُبُو بَرو بيا نَم پَروار
اَمَه جا اَو بِگِره شايت اُچَم دَو بُكُنَم |
وقتی آسمان ابری شود، باران ببارد، و مه پراکنده شود،
بگذار آب اینجا را پر کند، شاید تشنگیام را سیلاب کند. |
When the sky turns cloudy, rain falls, and mist spreads,
Let water fill this place, and perhaps it will flood my thirst. |
| چُنِ مورِدِ سَوز از تاي بركه بُده مالامال
بدا تا تي تَخِ بِركَه اَو اَسَكرَو بُكُنَم |
مانند برگهای مورد که برکه را میسوزاند و پر میکند،
سطح برکه تو را پر میکنم و سوزش را با آب خاموش میکنم. |
Like the burning myrtle leaves filling the pond,
I will fill your pond's surface and quench the burning with water. |
See also
[edit]External links
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Larestan, Iran".
- ^ a b Achomi at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)
- ^ a b c Wikipedia, Source (2013). Southwestern Iranian Languages: Persian Dialects and Varieties, Persian Language, Tajik Language, Dari, Persianate Society, Tajik Alphabet, Old Persia. General Books. ISBN 9781230641287.
- ^ a b گويش مردم اوز. نسرين انصاف پور و محمد رفيع ضيايى 1396
- ^ a b c d e Moridi, Behzad (2009). "The Dialects of Lar (The State of Research)". Iran & the Caucasus. 13 (2): 335–340. doi:10.1163/157338410X12625876281389. ISSN 1609-8498. JSTOR 25703812.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "ICEHM: International Centre of Economics, Humanities and Management" (PDF). icehm.org. doi:10.15242/icehm.ed0115115. Retrieved 2020-12-10.
- ^ a b c d e f Halkias, Daphne; Adendorff, Christian (2016-04-22). Governance in Immigrant Family Businesses: Enterprise, Ethnicity and Family Dynamics. Routledge. p. 10. ISBN 9781317125952.
- ^ "Endangered Languages Project - Lari - larestani". www.endangeredlanguages.com. Retrieved 2024-02-28.
- ^ a b c Mehran (2 March 2023). "كتاب تاريخ جنوب فارس لارستان وبستك" (in Arabic).
- ^ a b c khodo mania (27 April 2023). "كتاب تاريخ جنوب فارس لارستان وبستك". YouTube (in Arabic).
- ^ "Larestani, Lari in Iran".
- ^ "Larestani people of Iran".
The Larestani people are predominantly Sunni Muslims.
- ^ "Larestani".
While most people in Iran are Shi'ite Muslims, the Larestani are Sunnis.
- ^ Van Donzel, E. J., ed. (January 1994). Islamic Desk Reference. Brill. p. 225. ISBN 9004097384.
- ^ "Information of the people of Bushehr province". Archived from the original on 2021-05-01. Retrieved 2020-12-17.
- ^ "Bushehr Governor's Website". Archived from the original on 2021-04-29. Retrieved 2020-12-17.
- ^ "Bushehr Province Justice Website".[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Cyrus The Great International Open Academy".[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b c Rahimi, Ali; Tayebeh Mansoori (2016). A Study of Personal Pronouns of Larestani Language as an Endangered Iranian Language. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.1342.0566.
- ^ a b c d "UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger". www.unesco.org. Retrieved 2020-12-10.
- ^ "Islamic Parliament of Iran - Constitution". en.parliran.ir. Archived from the original on 2016-10-27. Retrieved 2020-12-10.
- ^ a b c d Moridi, Behzad (2009). "The Dialects of Lar (The State of Research)". Iran & the Caucasus. 13 (2): 335–340. doi:10.1163/157338410X12625876281389. ISSN 1609-8498. JSTOR 25703812.
- ^ Worrall, James; Saleh, Alam (2019). "Persian Pride and Prejudice: Identity Maintenance and Interest Calculations among Iranians in the United Arab Emirates". International Migration Review. 54 (2): 496–526. doi:10.1177/0197918319860154. ISSN 0197-9183. S2CID 203427429.
- ^ "Iranian and Arab in the Gulf : endangered language, windtowers, and fish sauce".
- ^ Bastaki, Ali Akbar. ابیات محلی جهانگیریه [Local poems of Jahangiriya]. دانشگاه تهران, Dehkhoda Lexicon Institute Library.
- ^ "شعر لاری" [Lari Poem]. لاري كائت (in Persian). Retrieved 2024-11-18.
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