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1979 in paleontology

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List of years in paleontology (table)
In science
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
+...

Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1979.

Bryophytes

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Type locality Location Notes Images

Aulacomnium heterostichoides[2]

Sp nov

Valid

Janssens

Ypresian

Horsefly Shales

 Canada
 British Columbia

An aulacomniaceous moss.

Fish

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Type locality Location Notes Images

Libotonius pearsoni[3]

Sp nov

Valid

Wilson

Ypresian

Klondike Mountain Formation

 USA
 Washington

A libotoniid sandroller relative.

Libotonius pearsoni

Archosauromorphs

[edit]

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.[4]

Non Avian Dinosaurs

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Type locality Location Notes Images

"Gadolosaurus"[5]

Nomen nudum.

Saito

Cenomanian

Bayan Shireh Formation

 Mongolia

informal name created by phonetic translation of the crylic for hadrosaur ("gadrosavr") into Japanese.
Skeleton considered possibly a juvenile Arstanosaurus.

juvenile ?Arstanosaurus

Gilmoreosaurus[6]

Gen et comb nov

Valid

Brett-Surman

Cretaceous
late Campanian - early Maastrichtian

Iren Dabasu Formation

 Mongolia

A hadrosauroid.

Gilmareasaurus

Gravitholus[7]

Junior synonym?

Wall & Galton

Judithian

Dinosaur Park Formation

 Canada
( Alberta)

A pachycephalosaur, possible Junior synonym of Stegoceras.

Gravitholus

Maiasaura[8]

Valid

Horner & Makela

Judithian

Upper Two Medicine Formation

 United States
( Montana)

Publication of Maiasaura renewed interest in the Two Medicine Formation.[9]

Maiasaura peeblesorum

Majungatholus[10]

Gen et sp nov

Junior synonym

Hans-Dieter Sues & Philippe Taquet

Maastrichtian

Maevarano Formation

 Madagascar

Described as a pachycephalosaur, now considered an abelisaurid.
The type species is M. atopus.
Junior synonym of Majungasaurus.

Majungasaurus

Microhadrosaurus[11]

Gen et sp nov

Nomen dubium.

Zhiming

Campanian

Yuanpu Formation

 China

A hadrosaurid.

Mussaurus[12]

Valid

Bonaparte & Vince

Norian

Laguna Colorada Formation

 Argentina

An anchisaurian.

Mussaurus

Nanshiungosaurus[13]

Valid

Zhiming

Campanian

Yuanpu Formation

 China

A therizinosaur.

Nanshiungosaurus

Patagosaurus[14]

Valid

Bonaparte

Callovian

Canadon Asfalto Formation

 Argentina

A sauropod.

Patagosaurus

Piatnitzkysaurus[14]

Valid

Bonaparte

Callovian

Canadon Asfalto Formation

 Argentina

A piatnitzkysaurid.

Piatnitzkysaurus

Secernosaurus[15]

Valid

Brett-Surma

Cretaceous
late Campanian - early Maastrichtian

Bajo Barreal Formation
Los Alamitos Formation

 Argentina

A saurolophine hadrosaurid.

Segnosaurus[16]

Valid

Perle

Cenomanian-Turonian

Bayan Shireh Formation

 Mongolia

A therizinosaur.

Segnosaurus

Torvosaurus[17]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Galton & Jenson

Jurassic
late Kimmeridgian-Tithonian

Morrison Formation

 United States
 Colorado

A megalosaurid.

Torvosaurus

Unquillosaurus[18]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Powell

Campanian

Los Blanquitos Formation

 Argentina

A possible Carcharodontosaurian.

Volkheimeria[14]

Valid

Jose Bonaparte

Callovian

Canadon Asfalto Formation

 Argentina

A sauropod.

Yandusaurus[19]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

He

Oxfordian

Shangshaximiao Formation

 China

A basal neornithischian ornithopod.

Birds

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Amplibuteo hibbardi [20]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.

Late Pleistocene

Talara Tar Seeps

An Accipitridae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Anas albae [21]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Dénes Jánossy

Late Pliocene

MN 15-16-17

An Anatidae.

Anas amotape [20]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.

Late Pleistocene

Talara Tar Seeps

An Anatidae.

Anas sanctaehelenae [20]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.

Early Pleistocene;

Late Pleistocene

La Carolina

An Anatidae.

Anas talarae [20]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.

Early Pleistocene;

Late Pleistocene

Argentina: Centinale del Mar;

Talara Tar Seeps

An Anatidae, transferred to the genus Callonetta Delacour, 1936 by Agnolin, 2006.[22]

Ardea bennuides [23]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Ella Hoch

Subrecent

5000 YBP (Years Before Present)

A giant Ardeidae, not formally described but a photo is published which keeps it from being a Nomen Nudum.

Argillipes magnus [24]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Colin J. O. Harrison

Cyril A. Walker

Early Middle Oligocene

MP 21-23

Described in the Catharthidae, transferred to Aves Incertae Sedis.

Barawertornis tedfordi [25]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Patricia Vickers-Rich

Late Oligocene/Early Miocene

Carl Creek Limestone

A Dromornithidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Belonopterus edmundi [20]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.

Late Pleistocene

Talara Tar Seeps

A Charadriidae.

Bubo longaevus [26]

Sp. nov.

Valid

A. S. Umanskaya

Late Miocene

MN 11-13

A Strigidae, transferred to the genus Asio Brisson, 1760 by Mlíkovský, 1998.[27]

Bullockornis planei [25]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Patricia Vickers-Rich

Middle-Late Miocene

Camfield Beds

A Dromornithidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Caprimulgus piurensis [20]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.

Late Pleistocene

Talara Tar Seeps

A Caprimulgidae-nightjar.

Cayaoa bruneti [28]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Eduardo P. Tonni

Late Oligocene-Miocene

An Anatidae.

Corvus simionescui [29]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Jenö Kessler

Early Pliocene

MN 15

A Corvidae, possibly a synonym of Corvus corone Linnaeus, 1758.

Cuculus csarnotanus [21]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Dénes Jánossy

Early Pliocene

MN 15

A Cuculidae.

Dege hendeyi [30]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

George G. Simpson

Late Miocene-Early Pliocene

Varswater Formation

A Spheniscidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Dromornis stirtoni [25]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Patricia Vickers-Rich

Late Miocene-Early Pliocene

Alcoota Homestead

A Dromornithidae.

Eudocimus peruvianus [20]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.

Late Pleistocene

Talara Tar Seeps

A Threskiornithidae.

Gallinago veterior [21]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Dénes Jánossy

Early Pliocene

MN 15

A Scolopacidae.

Geronogyps reliquus [20]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.

Late Pleistocene

Talara Tar Seeps

A Cathartidae.

Glareola neogena [31]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Peter Ballmann

Middle Miocene

MN 6

A Glareolidae.

Gymnogyps howardae [20]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.

Late Pleistocene

Talara Tar Seeps

A Cathartidae.

Ilbandornis? lawsoni [25]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Patricia Vickers-Rich

Late Miocene-Early Pliocene

Alcoota Homestead

A Dromornithidae, not certainly an Ilbandornis Rich, 1979.

Ilbandornis woodburnei [25]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Patricia Vickers-Rich

Late Miocene-Early Pliocene

Alcoota Homestead

A Dromornithidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Latipons gardneri [32]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Colin J. O. Harrison

Cyril A. Walker

Middle Eocene

MP 11-13

A Rallidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Latipons robinsoni [32]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Colin J. O. Harrison

Cyril A. Walker

Middle Eocene

MP 11-13

A Rallidae.

Litoripes medius [32]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Colin J. O. Harrison

Cyril A. Walker

Middle Eocene

MP 11-13

Described in the Phasianidae, but transferred by Mlíkovský, 2002.[33] to Aves Incertae Sedis, this is the type species of the new genus.

Micropalama chapmani [20]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.

Late Pleistocene

Talara Tar Seeps

A Scolopacidae.

Milvago brodkorbi [20]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.

Late Pleistocene

Talara Tar Seeps

A Falconidae.

Milvoides kempi [32]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Colin J. O. Harrison

Cyril A. Walker

Middle Eocene

MP 11-13

Described as an Accipitridae, known only from a damaged distal end of a right tarsometatarsus, making it not possible to identify it, better treated as Aves Incertae Sedis, this is the type species of the new genus.

Mioglareola gregaria [31]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Peter Ballmann

Early Miocene Czech Republic;

Middle Miocene Germany

MN 4b;

MN 6

A Glareolidae, it is the type species of the new genus.

Miootis compactus [34]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

A. S. Umanskaya

Late Miocene

MN 13

An Otididae, it is the type species of the new genus.

Miraquila terrestris [20]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.

Late Pleistocene

Talara Tar Seeps

An Accipitridae, transferred to the genus Buteogallus Lesson, 1830 by Suárez et Olson, 2009,[35] this is the type species of the new genus.

Nannonetta invisitata [20]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.

Late Pleistocene

Talara Tar Seeps

An Anatidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Nucleornis insolitus [36]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

George G. Simpson

Miocene

Duinefontein

A Spheniscidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Nuntius solitarius [20]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.

Late Pleistocene

Talara Tar Seeps

A Scolopacidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Oligocathartes olsoni [24]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Colin J. O. Harrison

Cyril A. Walker

Early Middle Oligocene

MP 21-23

Described in the Catharthidae, but the holotype is too fragmentary for identification so best treated as Aves Incertae Sedis.

Palaeopapia hamsteadiensis [24]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Colin J. O. Harrison

Cyril A. Walker

Early Middle Oligocene

MP 21-23

An Anseriformes Incertae Sedis.

Paracathartes howardae [37]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Colin J. O. Harrison

Early Eocene

Greybullian, Middle Wasatchian, Willwood Formation

Described as a Cathartidae, Houde 1988 placed it in the Lithornithiformes, Houde, 1988, Lithornithidae Houde, 1988,[38] it is the type species of the new genus.

Paracygnopterus scotti [24]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid ?

Colin J. O. Harrison

Cyril A. Walker

Early Middle Oligocene

MP 21-23

An Anatidae, it is the type species of the new genus.

Parvirallus gracilis [32]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Colin J. O. Harrison

Cyril A. Walker

Middle Eocene

MP 11-13

A Rallidae.

Percolinus proudlocki [32]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Colin J. O. Harrison

Cyril A. Walker

Middle Eocene

MP 11-13

Described as a Phasianidae, transferred to the genus Talantatos Reichenbach, 1852 and placed in the Cariamidae door Mlíkovský, 2002.[33]

Phalacrocorax tanzaniae [39]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Colin J. O. Harrison

Cyril A. Walker

Early-Middle Pleistocene

Kamasian

A Phalacrocoracidae.

Porzana estramosi [21]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Dénes Jánossy

Middle Miocene

MN 6-8

A Rallidae.

Proanser major [34]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

A. S. Umanskaya

Late Miocene

MN 11

An Anatidae, it is the type species of the new genus.

Proardeola walkeri [40]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Colin J. O. Harrison

Early Miocene

MN 2a

An Ardeidae, it is the type species of the new genus.

Proceriavis martini [24]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid ?

Colin J. O. Harrison

Cyril A. Walker

Early Middle Oligocene

MP 21-23

Described as an Eleutherornithidae, based on a fragment of a cervical vertebra, best treated as Aves Incertae Sedis, it is the type species of the new genus.

Sarcoramphus? fisheri [20]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.

Late Pleistocene

Talara Tar Seeps

A Cathartidae, not certain to be a Sarcoramphus Duméril, 1806.

Scolopax baranensis [21]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Dénes Jánossy

Early Pliocene

MN 15

A Scolopacidae.

Steganopus graui [20]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.

Late Pleistocene

Talara Tar Seeps

A Phalaropodidae.

Syrigma sanctimartini [20]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.

Late Pleistocene

Talara Tar Seeps

An Ardeidae.

Theristicus wetmorei [20]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.

Late Pleistocene

Talara Tar Seeps

A Threskiornithidae.

Thinocorus koepckeae [20]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.

Late Pleistocene

Talara Tar Seeps

A Thinocoridae.

Tringa ameghini [20]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.

Late Pleistocene

Talara Tar Seeps

A Scolopacidae.

Turdoides borealis [21]

Sp. nov.

Valid ?

Dénes Jánossy

Early Pliocene

MN 15

The holotype is a heavily eroded proximal part of a left humerus, best placed in Passeriformes Incertae Sedis.

Valenticarbo praetermissus [41]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid ?

Colin J. O. Harrison

Late Pliocene

Siwalik complex

A Phalacrocoracidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Viator picis [20]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr.

Late Pleistocene

Talara Tar Seeps

A Charadriidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Plesiosaurs

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Type locality Location Notes Images

Dravidosaurus

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Yadagiri & Ayyasami

Cretaceous
Coniacian

Trichinopoly Group

 India

Either a Plesiosaur or Stegosaur

Synapsids

[edit]
Name Novelty Status Authors Age Type locality Location Notes Images

Aycrossia[42]

Gen et sp nov

valid

Bown

Eocene
Bridgerian

Aycross Formation

 US
 Wyoming

An Omomyid primate
The type species is A. lovei

Gazinius[42]

Gen et sp nov

valid

Bown

Eocene
Bridgerian

 US
 Wyoming

An Omomyid primate
The type species is G. amplus

Strigorhysis[42]

Gen et sp nov

valid

Bown

Eocene
Bridgerian

Aycross Formation

 US
 Wyoming

An Omomyid primate
The type species is S. bridgerensis

Expeditions, field work, and fossil discoveries

[edit]
  • While volunteering for field work on a team led by Philip Currie, Darren Tanke learned about the lost "Eoceratops" first excavated by William Edmund Cutler. Tanke would later rediscover the specimen in London's Natural History Museum.[43]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
  2. ^ Janssens, J.; Horton, D.G.; Basinger, J. (1979). "Aulacomnium heterostichoides sp. nov., an Eocene moss from south central British Columbia". Canadian Journal of Botany. 57 (20): 2150–2161. doi:10.1139/b79-268.
  3. ^ Wilson, M.V.H. (1979). "A second species of Libotonius (Pisces: Percopsidae) from the Eocene of Washington State". Copeia. 1979 (3): 400–405. doi:10.2307/1443214. JSTOR 1443214.
  4. ^ Olshevsky, George. "Dinogeorge's Dinosaur Genera List". Archived from the original on 2011-07-15. Retrieved 2008-08-07.
  5. ^ Saito, T. 1979. Wonder of the World's Dinosaurs. Kodansha Publishers, Tokyo (Plate 71).
  6. ^ Brett-Surman, M.K. 1979. Phylogeny and paleobiogeography of hadrosaurian dinosaurs. Nature 277: pp. 560-562.
  7. ^ Wall, W P. and P.M. Galton. 1979. Notes on pachycephalosaurid dinosaurs (Reptilla: Ornithischia) from North America, with comments on their status as ornithopods. Can. J. Earth Sci. 16: pp. 1176-1186.
  8. ^ Horner, J.R.; Makela, R. (1979). "Nest of juveniles provides evidence of family structure among dinosaurs". Nature. 282 (5736): 296–298. Bibcode:1979Natur.282..296H. doi:10.1038/282296a0. S2CID 4370793.
  9. ^ Trexler, D., 2001, Two Medicine Formation, Montana: geology and fauna: In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life, edited by Tanke, D. H., and Carpenter, K., Indiana University Press, pp. 298–309.
  10. ^ Sues, H.-D.; Taquet, P. (1979). "A pachycephalosaurid dinosaur from Madagascar and a Laurasia-Gondwanaland connection in the Cretaceous". Nature. 279 (5714): 633–635. Bibcode:1979Natur.279..633S. doi:10.1038/279633a0. S2CID 4345348.
  11. ^ Dong, Z. 1979. Cretaceous Dinosaurs of Hunan, in Mesozoic-Cenozoic Redbeds of Hunan. Palaeontologica Sinica: pp.346-347.
  12. ^ Bonaparte J.F. and M. Vince. 1979. El hallazgo del primer nido de dinosaurios triasicos, (Saurischia, Prosauropoda), Triásico superior de Patagonia, Argentina. Ameghiniana Revista de la Asociación Paleontológica Argentina 16 (1-2): pp. 173-182.
  13. ^ Dong, Z. 1979. The Cretaceous dinosaur fossils in southern China. In: Mesozoic and Cenozoic Red Beds in Southern China. Inst. Vert. Paleontol. Paleoanthropol. Nanjing Geol. Paleontol. Inst. Sci. Press, Beijing: pp.342-350.
  14. ^ a b c Bonaparte, J.F. (1979). "Dinosaurs: A Jurassic assembalge from Patagonia". Science. 205 (4413): 1377–1379. Bibcode:1979Sci...205.1377B. doi:10.1126/science.205.4413.1377. PMID 17732331. S2CID 34854458.
  15. ^ Brett-Surman, M. K. 1979. Phylogeny and paleobiogeography of hadrosaurian dinosaurs. Nature 277: pp. 560-562.
  16. ^ Perle A. 1979. Segnosauridae - A new family of theropods from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. Sovm. Soviet-Mongolean Paleontol. Eksped. Trudy 8: pp. 45-55.
  17. ^ Galton, P.M. and J.A. Jensen. 1979. A new large theropod dinosaur from the Upper Jurassic of Colorado. Brigham Young University Geology Studies. 26 (2): pp. 1-12.
  18. ^ Powell, J.E. 1979. Sobre una asociacion de dinosaurios y otras evidencias de vertebrados del Cretacico superior de la region de La Candelaria, Prov. de Salta, Argentina. Ameghiniana 16: pp. 191-204.
  19. ^ He X. 1979. A newly discovered ornithopod dinosaur Yandusaurus from Zigong. Sichuan. In: Contribution to International Exchange of Geology. Part 2. Stratigraphy and paleontology. Geol. publishing House, Beijing: pp. 116-123.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Kenneth E. Campbell, Jr. (1979). The Non-Passerine Pleistocene Avifauna of the Talara Tar Seeps, Northwestern Peru. Vol. 118. pp. 1–203. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.52133. ISBN 978-0888542304. {{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  21. ^ a b c d e f Dénes Jánossy (1979). "Plio-Pleistocene Bird Remains from the Carpathian Basin. IV. Anseriformes, Gruiformes, Charadriiformes, Passeriformes". Aquila. 85: 11–39.
  22. ^ Federico L. Agnolin (2006). "Dos Nuevos Anatidae (Aves, Anseriformes) del Pleistoceno Inferior-medio de Argentina". Stvdia Geologica Salmanticensia. 42: 81–95.
  23. ^ Ella Hoch (1979). "Reflections on prehistoric life at Umm an-Nar (Trucial Oman) based on faunal remains from the third millennium". In M. Taddei (ed.). South Asian Archaeology 1977, Vol. I and II. Naples. pp. 589–638.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  24. ^ a b c d e Colin J. O. Harrison & Cyril A. Walker (1979). "Birds of the British Lower Oligocene". Tertiary Research Special Papers. 5: 29–43.
  25. ^ a b c d e Patricia Vickers Rich (1979). "The Dromornithidae: An Extinct Family of Large Ground Birds Endemic to Australia" (PDF). Department of National Development Bureau of National Resources, Geology and Geophysics Bulletin. 184: 1–196.
  26. ^ A. S. Umanskaya (1979). "Novyj vid filina (Bubo longaevus) iz pozdneneogenovych otloženij severnogo Pričernomor'ja USSR [New species of a horned owl (Bubo longaevus) from the late Neogene deposits of northern Pričernomor'e in the Ukrainian SSR.]". Dopovidi Akademiji Nauk Ukrajins'koji RSR (B). 1979: 779–782.
  27. ^ Jíří Mlíkovský (1998). "Two New Owls (Aves: Strigidae) from the Early Miocene of the Czech Republic, with Comments on the Fossil History of the Subfamily Striginae" (PDF). Buteo. 10: 5–21. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-09-12. Retrieved 2014-09-11.
  28. ^ Eduardo P. Tonni (1979). "Un Nuevo Anseriforme de Sedimentos Marinos Terciarios de Chubut, Argentina" (PDF). Hornero. 12 (1): 11–15. doi:10.56178/eh.v12i1.1212. S2CID 130953455.
  29. ^ Jenö Kessler (1979). "Noi Date Paleornitologice din Pliocenul României". Nymphaea, Folia Naturae Bihariae. 7: 135–138.
  30. ^ George G. Simpson (1979). "A New Genus of Late Tertiary Penguin from Langebaanweg, South Africa". Annals of the South African Museum. 78 (1): 1–9.
  31. ^ a b Peter Ballmann (1979). "Fossile Glareolidae aus dem Miozän des Nördlinger Ries (Southern Germany) (Aves: Charadriifores)". Bonner Zoologische Beiträge. 30: 52–101.
  32. ^ a b c d e f Colin J. O. Harrison & Cyril A. Walker (1979). "Birds of the British Middle Eocene". Tertiary Research Special Papers. 50: 19–26.
  33. ^ a b Jíří Mlíkovský (2002). "Cenozoic Birds of the World Part 1: Europe" (PDF). Praha Ninox Press. 13: 1–407. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-20. Retrieved 2014-09-06.
  34. ^ a b A. S. Umanskaya (1979). "Miotsenovyye Ptitsy Zapadnogo Prichernomor'ya USSR. Soobshcheniye I. [The Miocene Birds from the Western Black Sea Littoral of the UkrSSR. Communication I.]". Vestnik Zoologii, Nauchnyy Zhurnal Instituta Zoologii Imeni I. I. Shmal'gauzena Akademii Nauk Ukrainskoy SSR. 13: 40–45.
  35. ^ William Suárez Duque & Storrs L. Olson (2009). "The Generic Position of Miraquila terrestris Campbell: Another Addition to the Buteogalline Radiation from the Pleistocene of Peru". Journal of Raptor Research. 43 (3): 249–253. doi:10.3356/jrr-08-85.1. S2CID 84607404.
  36. ^ George G. Simpson (1979). "Tertiary Penguins from the Duinefontein Site, Cape Province, South Africa" (PDF). Annals of the South African Museum. 79 (1): 1–7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-09-07. Retrieved 2014-09-07.
  37. ^ Colin J. O. Harrison (1979). "A New Cathartid Vulture from the Lower Eocene of Wyoming". Tertiary Research Special Papers. 5: 7–10.
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