Naja

Animalia — Chordata

Subphylum : Vertebrata
Classis : Reptilia
Ordo : Squamata
Subordo : Serpentes
Familia : Elapidae
Genus : Naja
Laurenti, 1768

Palaeontologia

Miocaeno-Holocaenum

Species typica

Coluber naja Linnaeus, 1758

Naja est genus anguium venenosorum familiae Elapidarum. Species huius generis late per mundum veterem extenduntur et agnoscuntur. Fiunt species in regiones per Africam, Asiam Meridio-Occidentalem, Asiam Meridianam, et Asiam Meridio-Orientalem. Angues quos tirones insigniter cum Najis confundunt sunt Hemachatus haemachatus et Ophiophagus hannah, proprie generum monotypicorum Hemachati^[1] et Ophiophagi.^[2]^[3] Typus generis est Naja naja.

Generi Najae a viginti ad viginti duae species descriptae olim erant, sed genus nuper identidem emendatum est, ut fontes academici magnopere variant.^[4] Emendatio autem anni 2009, latissime accepta,^[5] docet genera Boulengerinam et Paranajam eadem ac Naja esse. Secundum illam emendationem, generi Najae nunc sunt 38 species.^[6]

Descriptio

Species Najae longitudine variant, et corpora plurimarum sunt tenuia. Plurimae usque ad 1.84 metra longae crescunt; longitudines autem maximae sunt 3.1 fere metra, Naja melanoleuca fortasse longissima.^[7] Omnes species anteriorem corporis quartam supra solum tollere, collumque complanare ad maiores videndas possunt.

Venenum

**Species *Najae* maxime venenosae**
Gradus	Species	LD₅₀ subcutis
1	Naja oxiana	0.10 mg/kg^[8]
2	Naja philippinensis	0.14 mg/kg^[9]^[10]
3	Naja samarensis	0.21 mg/kg^[11]
4	Naja melanoleuca	0.225 mg/kg^[8]^[12]
5	Naja siamensis	0.25 mg/kg^[8]
6	Naja atra	0.28 mg/kg^[8]^[13]
7	Naja naja	0.29 mg/kg^[8]^[13]
8	Naja nivea	0.37 mg/kg^[13]
9	Naja kaouthia	0.47 mg/kg^[8]
10	Naja sumatrana	0.60 mg/kg^[14]

Taxinomia

Naja

(Naja)

Naja (Naja) naja

	Naja (Naja) kaouthia

	Naja (Naja) atra

	Naja (Naja) mandalayensis

	Naja (Naja) siamensis

	Naja (Naja) sputatrix

(Afronaja)

	Naja (Afronaja) pallida

	Naja (Afronaja) nubiae

Naja (Afronaja) katiensis

Naja (Afronaja) nigricollis

Naja (Afronaja) ashei

	Naja (Afronaja) mossambica

	Naja (Afronaja) nigricincta

(Boulengerina)

Naja (Boulengerina) multifasciata

	Naja (Boulengerina) christyi

	Naja (Boulengerina) annulata

Naja (Boulengerina) melanoleuca

(Uraeus)

Naja (Uraeus) nivea

Naja (Uraeus) senegalensis

	Naja (Uraeus) haje

	Naja (Uraeus) arabica

	Naja (Uraeus) annulifera

	Naja (Uraeus) anchietae

Nexus interni

Rikki-tikki-tavi , fabula Rudyardi Kipling

Notae

↑ Spawls, S; Branch, B (1995). The Dangerous Snakes of Africa (1st. ed.). Ralph Curtis Books. ISBN 9780883590294 .
↑ Zhao, E; Adler, K (1993). Herpetology of China (1st ed.). Society for the Study of Amphibians & Reptiles. pp. 522. ISBN 9780916984281 .
↑ Vogel, G (31 Martii 2006). Terralog: Venomous Snakes of Asia, Vol. 14 (1 ed.). Frankfurt Am Main: Hollywood Import & Export. pp. 148. ISBN 978-3936027938 .
↑ "Naja". apud Integrated Taxonomic Information System .
↑ Wallach, Van; Wüster, W; Broadley, Donald G. (2009). "In praise of subgenera: taxonomic status of cobras of the genus Naja Laurenti (Serpentes: Elapidae)". Zootaxa 2236 (1): 26–36 .
↑ Lapsus in citando: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Wuster18
↑ "Naja melanoleuca - General Details, Taxonomy and Biology, Venom, Clinical Effects, Treatment, First Aid, Antivenoms". WCH Clinical Toxinology Resource. University of Queensland .
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 ^8.4 ^8.5 Lapsus in citando: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named IJEB
↑ Lapsus in citando: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named NP
↑ Brown 1973: 81.
↑ Lapsus in citando: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named M67
↑ Lapsus in citando: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ErZug
↑ ^13.0 ^13.1 ^13.2 Minton, SA (1974). Venom diseases. Springfield Illinoesiae: Thomas Publisher, Limited, Charles C.. ISBN 978-0-398-03051-3 .
↑ Tan, N.H., Choy, S.K., Chin, K.M., et Gnanajothy, P. (1994). "Cross-reactivity of monovalent and polyvalent Trimeresurus antivenoms with venoms from various species of Trimeresurus (lance-headed pit viper) snake". Toxicon 32 (7): 849–853 .

Bibliographia

Broadley, Donald G. 1974. A review of the cobras of the Naja nigricollis complex in southwestern Africa (Serpentes, Elapidae). Windhoek, S.W. Africae: Staatsmuseum.
Brown, John H. 1973. Toxicology and Pharmacology of Venoms from Poisonous Snakes. Campifonte Illinoesiae: Charles C. Thomas. ISBN 978-0-398-02808-4. Editio interretialis.
Laurenti, Iosephus Nicolaus. 1768. Specimen medicum, exhibens synopsin reptilium emendatam cum experimentis circa venena et antidota reptilium austriacorum. Vindobonae: Joan Thomae. Editio interretialis.
Van Wallach, Wolfgang Wüster, et Donald Broadley. 2009. "In praise of subgenera: taxonomic status of cobras of the genus Naja Laurenti (Serpentes: Elapidae)." Zootaxa 2236 (1): 26–36. PDF.

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Najam spectant.

Vide Najam in Victionario.

Situs scientifici: • ITIS • NCBI • Biodiversity • Encyclopedia of Life • Fossilworks

Battaglia, V. 2006. Cobra. Naja. Dinosoria.com.

[S&B95-1] Spawls, S; Branch, B (1995). The Dangerous Snakes of Africa (1st. ed.). Ralph Curtis Books. ISBN 9780883590294 .

[Z&A93-2] Zhao, E; Adler, K (1993). Herpetology of China (1st ed.). Society for the Study of Amphibians & Reptiles. pp. 522. ISBN 9780916984281 .

[GV06-3] Vogel, G (31 Martii 2006). Terralog: Venomous Snakes of Asia, Vol. 14 (1 ed.). Frankfurt Am Main: Hollywood Import & Export. pp. 148. ISBN 978-3936027938 .

[ITIS-4] "Naja". apud Integrated Taxonomic Information System .

[wallach-5] Wallach, Van; Wüster, W; Broadley, Donald G. (2009). "In praise of subgenera: taxonomic status of cobras of the genus Naja Laurenti (Serpentes: Elapidae)". Zootaxa 2236 (1): 26–36 .

[Wuster18-6] Lapsus in citando: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Wuster18

[WCH-7] "Naja melanoleuca - General Details, Taxonomy and Biology, Venom, Clinical Effects, Treatment, First Aid, Antivenoms". WCH Clinical Toxinology Resource. University of Queensland .

[IJEB-8] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 ^8.4 ^8.5 Lapsus in citando: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named IJEB

[NP-9] Lapsus in citando: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named NP

[10] Brown 1973: 81.

[M67-11] Lapsus in citando: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named M67

[ErZug-12] Lapsus in citando: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named ErZug

[M74-13] 13.0 ^13.1 ^13.2 Minton, SA (1974). Venom diseases. Springfield Illinoesiae: Thomas Publisher, Limited, Charles C.. ISBN 978-0-398-03051-3 .

[14] Tan, N.H., Choy, S.K., Chin, K.M., et Gnanajothy, P. (1994). "Cross-reactivity of monovalent and polyvalent Trimeresurus antivenoms with venoms from various species of Trimeresurus (lance-headed pit viper) snake". Toxicon 32 (7): 849–853 .

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