Supercar

Supercar
car classification (en)
Bayanai
Ƙaramin ɓangare na	sports car (en)
Wasa	motorsport (en)

A supercar, wanda aka fi sani da motar ban mamaki, nau'in motoci ne wanda ake bayyana shi a matakin asali a matsayin motar wasa mai lasisin hanya tare da ƙarfin gaske, sauri, da sarrafawa, tare da wani abu na cachet wanda aka danganta da asali, na musamman, ko duka biyun.^[1] Kalmar 'supercar' ana amfani da ita akai-akai don ɓangaren karfi, low-bodied mid-engineed motoci na alfarma. Motar da ta yi ƙasa tana da ƙasa, mai sauƙin sarrafawa center of gravity, da ƙaramin fadin gaban fiye da motar front engine, wanda ke rage jan hankali na iska da kuma ba ta damar samun saurin saman mafi girma. Tun daga shekarun 2000s, kalmar hypercar ta fara amfani don mafi girman supercars.

Supercars yawanci suna zama samfurin jagora a cikin jerin motocin wasa na mai kera mota, kuma yawanci suna da fasahar da ta shafi aiki wanda aka samo daga motorsports. Wasu misalai sun haɗa da Ferrari 458 Italia, Lamborghini Aventador, da McLaren 720S. A gefe guda, aikin jarida na motoci yawanci yana adana kalmar 'hypercar' don (muyi) takamaiman, (matsakaicin zuwa ƙarami 4-figures) motocin samarwa, wanda aka gina sama da layin samfurin da aka saba na wannan alamar, suna dauke da farashi na karni na 21 wanda yawanci ya wuce miliyan euros, dollars ko pounds: misalan zasu haɗa da 1270 na Porsche's Carrera GT, Ford GTs, da kuma lineage na Ferrari F40/F50/Enzo. Mafi ƙanƙanta daga cikin masu kera motoci, kamar Bugatti da Koenigsegg, suna ƙirƙirar hypercars kawai.

A Amurka, kalmar "supercars" an yi amfani da ita tun lokacin shekarun 1960s don mafi girman muscle cars. Har zuwa shekarar 2024, "supercars" har yanzu ana amfani da ita a Australia don nufin Australian muscle cars.

Lamborghini Miura, wanda aka gabatar a 1966 daga mai kera Italiya, ana yawan cewa shi ne supercar na farko.^[2][3][4][5] A shekarun 1970s da 1980s kalmar ta kasance a cikin amfani akai-akai don irin wannan mota, idan ba a takamaiman bayyana ta ba.^[6][7] Daya daga cikin fassarar har zuwa shekarun 1990s ita ce amfani da ita don mid-engine motoci masu seats biyu tare da akalla silinda takwas (amma yawanci V12 engine), fitar da ƙarfin aiki na akalla 400 bhp (298 kW) da saurin saman akalla 180 mph (290 km/h).^[1] Wasu fassarar suna bayyana cewa "dole ne ta kasance mai sauri sosai, tare da sarrafa wasan kwaikwayo da ya dace", "dole ne ta kasance mai kyau da jawo hankali" da kuma farashinta ya kamata "ya kasance a cikin yanayi mai ban mamaki";^[8] na musamman – dangane da ƙarancin samarwa, kamar yadda aka yi da mafi alfarma na samfuran da Ferrari ko Lamborghini suka yi – kuma shine muhimmin abu ga wasu masu amfani da kalmar.^[5] Wasu masu kera Turai, kamar McLaren, Pagani, da Koenigsegg, suna kwarewa ne a cikin samar da supercars kawai.^{[9][10][11][12][13]}

A Amurka, supercars yawanci suna nufin motocin da aka gina don raguwa a cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙarfinsu ko ƙimar saurin. Misali, ana iya samun Ford GT a matsayin supercar mai inganci. Supercars suna da fasahar gaske, suna amfani da tsarin forced induction tare da V8 ko V10 silinda tare da ƙarfin gaske (ƙarfin fitarwa a tsakanin 400 da 600 bhp) da saurin sama da 200 mph. Don misalai na haɗin gwiwar gwaninta, C7 Corvette ZR1 da Ford GT na zama 'supercar' kamar na farko da na biyu, amma suna a matsayin motocin wasa na gargajiya ko masu kyau; duka suna da farashin kasuwa fiye da $100,000, har ma da $250,000 ko fiye ga wasu daga cikinsu.

Duk da cewa yawancin supercars suna da tsada da aiki mai kyau, an riga an kirkiro sabon rukuni na motoci a cikin 2010s da aka fi sani da "hypercars". Hypercars suna da keɓaɓɓun matsakaicin ƙarfi a matsayin sabbin tsare-tsaren karfi na yau, tare da farashi da yawa akan $1 miliyan; ana la'akari da su a matsayin 'matsakaicin ƙarfin gina', da cewa suna da sauri fiye da 200 mph. Mafi yawan su suna da dukkan halayen da suka haɗa da na yanzu, kuma suna da ƙarin inganci da manyan fasahar hadin kai. Wannan ya zama wani nau'in sabbin motocin alfarma, wanda aka gina da jerin gwaninta ko gwaninta, tare da gwaninta da aka yarda a duniya.

Hypercars yawanci suna ƙunshe da yanayi na rashin amfani da muhallin, tare da yanayin da ba a karɓa ba ko karɓa ba. Misalai sun haɗa da Pagani Huayra, McLaren P1, da Koenigsegg Regera.

A cikin sabbin lokuta, ana amfani da kalmar supercar don nuna abin hawa tare da mafi kyawun inganci, fitarwa, da saurin ƙarfi, tare da jagorancin fasahar jiki da kayan aiki. Har yanzu ana ɗaukar wasu na iya buƙatar 5-9 bhp da ƙarfin gaske, amma a cikin kasuwannin duniya da ya shafi fitar da 300 bhp da 500 bhp, hakan yana ba da sabon wurin gina motar ta hanyar yin kasuwanci ko a'a.

A duniya, akwai yanayi mai wuyar ganowa ga masu amfani da supercars, yawanci tare da farashi na saye, mai jujjuya tare da tsarin ajiya tare da farashi a ƙasa da $500,000, ko da daga cikin motocin da ke da manyan alamar gargajiya da aka shahara da gwaninta.

Gano daga manyan kamfanoni na duniya, ko shahararrun motocin da aka kafa, tare da sunan kamfanin wanda aka yarda da alamar gwaninta ko kuma suna farawa daga alama.