Mutanen Vandals

Mutanen Vandals
Wuri
52°30′N 17°30′E / 52.5°N 17.5°E / 52.5; 17.5
Babban birni	Annaba
Bayanan tarihi
Rushewa	6 century

Vandals ’yan Jamus ne waɗanda aka fara ba da rahoto a rubuce a rubuce a matsayin mazaunan ƙasar Poland a yanzu, a lokacin daular Roma. Da yawa daga baya, a cikin karni na biyar, gungun Vandals karkashin jagorancin sarakuna sun kafa masarautun Vandal da farko a cikin yankin Iberian Peninsula, sannan a tsibirin yammacin Bahar Rum, da Arewacin Afirka.^[1]

Masu binciken archaeologists suna danganta farkon Vandals da al'adun Przeworsk, wanda ya haifar da wasu mawallafa suna kwatanta su da Lugii, waɗanda wani rukuni ne na jama'ar Jamus da ke da alaƙa da wannan al'adun archaeological da yanki. Fadada zuwa Dacia a lokacin yakin Marcomannic da Pannonia a lokacin Rikicin karni na Uku, Goths sun tsare Vandals zuwa Pannonia a kusa da 330 AD, inda suka sami izinin zama daga Constantine Mai Girma. Kusan 400, hare-haren da Huns daga gabas suka yi ya tilasta yawancin kabilun Jamus su yi hijira zuwa yamma zuwa cikin yankin Roman Empire kuma, suna tsoron cewa za a iya kaiwa hari na gaba, Vandals kuma an tura su zuwa yamma, suna haye Rhine zuwa Gaul tare da sauran kabilu. a shafi na 406.^[2] A cikin 409, Vandals sun ketare Pyrenees zuwa cikin Iberian Peninsula, inda Hasdingi da Silingi suka zauna a Gallaecia (arewa maso yammacin Iberia) da Baetica (kudu-ta tsakiya Iberia).

Bisa umarnin Romawa, Visigoths sun mamaye Iberia a shekara ta 418. Sun kusan kawar da Alans da Silingi Vandals wadanda da son rai suka mika kansu ga mulkin shugaban Hasdingian Gunderic. Daga nan sai aka tura Gunderic daga Gallaecia zuwa Baetica ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar Roman-Suebi a 419. A cikin 429, a ƙarƙashin sarki Genseric (ya yi sarauta 428-477), Vandals sun shiga Arewacin Afirka. A shekara ta 439 sun kafa mulki wanda ya hada da lardin Roman na Afirka da Sicily, Corsica, Sardinia, Malta da tsibirin Balearic. Sun kare yunkurin da Romawa da dama suka yi na kwato lardin Afirka, suka kori birnin Roma a shekara ta 455. Masarautarsu ta ruguje a yakin Vandalic na shekara ta 533-534, inda sojojin Sarki Justinian na I suka sake mamaye lardin daular Roma ta Gabas.

An tabbatar da ƙabilanci a matsayin Wandali da Wendilenses ta Saxo, kamar yadda Vendill a Old Norse, da kuma Wend (e)las a cikin Tsohon Turanci, duk suna komawa zuwa tsarin Proto-Jamus wanda aka sake ginawa azaman * Wanđilaz. Har yanzu ba a fayyace tushen asalin sunan ba. A cewar masanin ilimin harshe Vladimir Orel, yana iya fitowa daga sifa na Proto-Jamus *wanđaz ('juya, murɗawa'), da kansa ya samo asali daga kalmar aikatau *wenđanan (ko *winđanan), ma'ana 'to iska'. A madadin haka, an samo shi daga tushen *wanđ-, ma'ana 'ruwa', bisa ra'ayin cewa asalin kabilar yana kusa da Limfjord (mashigin teku a Denmark). Hakanan ana iya samun kara a cikin Tsohon Babban Jamusanci goilsēo da Tsohon Turanci wendelsǣ, duka a zahiri ma'anar 'Vandal-teku' da zayyana Tekun Bahar Rum.^[3][4]

Rudolf Much ya fassara siffar tatsuniyar Jamusanci na Aurvandill da nufin 'Shining Vandal'. An gabatar da ka'idar da yawa cewa sunan kabila na Vandal yana nuna bautar Aurvandil ko tagwayen Allahntaka, mai yuwuwa ya haɗa da tatsuniya ta asali cewa sarakunan Vandalic sun fito ne daga Aurvandil (kwatankwacin yanayin sauran sunayen ƙabilun Jamus).^[5]

Tun da Vandals suna magana da yaren Jamusanci (yafi:Vandalic) kuma sun kasance na al'adun Jamus na farko, malaman zamani suna rarraba su a matsayin jama'ar Jamus.^[6]

Kamar yadda Vandals daga ƙarshe suka zo zama a wajen Jamusanci, tsoffin marubutan Romawa ba su ɗauki Jamusanci ba. Babu wata ƙungiyar masu magana da Jamusanci ta Gabas, Goths, ko Norsemen (farkon Scandinavian), da Romawa suka ƙidaya a cikin Jamusawa.^[7]

1. ↑ "Théâtre de tous les peuples et nations de la terre avec leurs habits et ornemens divers, tant anciens que modernes, diligemment depeints au naturel par Luc Dheere peintre et sculpteur Gantois[manuscript]". lib.ugent.be. Retrieved 2020-08-25.
2. ↑ Brian, Adam. "History of the Vandals". Roman Empire. Archived from the original on June 23, 2017. Retrieved May 21, 2017
3. ↑ de Vries 1962, pp. 653–654
4. ↑ Corazza, Vittoria Dolcetti (1986). Il mare dei Germani. Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei. p. 487
5. ↑ R. Much, Wandalische Götter, Mitteilungen der Schlesischen Gesellschaft für Volkskunde 27, 1926, 20–41. "R. Much has brought forth a relatively convincing argument to show that the very name Vandal reflects the worship of the Divine Twins." Donald Ward, The divine twins: an Indo-European myth in Germanic tradition, University of California publications: Folklore studies, nr. 19, 1968, p. 53.
6. ↑ Bennett, Matthew (2004). "Vandals". In Holmes, Richard; Singleton, Charles; Jones, Spencer (eds.). The Oxford Companion to Military History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780191727467. Retrieved January 25, 2020. Vandals were a Germanic people.
7. ↑ Wolfram 1997, p. 4 "Goths, Vandals, and other East Germanic tribes were differentiated from the Germans... In keeping with this classification, post-Tacitean Scandinavians were also no longer counted among the Germans..