Mutane

Mutane

Mutane dai ya kasance ana nufin jama'a ma su yawa. Sannan mutanen da ake la'akari da su gaba ɗaya, kamar yadda lamarin yake game da ƙabila^[1], ƙasa ko jama'a na siyasa^[2].

Jihohi daban-daban suna mulki ko ikirarin suna mulki da sunan mutane. Dukansu Jamhuriyar Roman da Roman Empire sunyi amfani da kalmar Latin^[3] Senatus Populusque Romanus, (Majalisar Dattawa da Mutanen Rome). An ƙayyade wannan kalmar ta gajarta (SPQR) zuwa ƙa'idodin rundunar sojan Rome, kuma koda bayan Sarakunan Rome sun sami jihar mulkin mallaka gaba ɗaya, sun ci gaba da amfani da ikonsu da sunan Majalisar Dattijai da Mutanen Rome.

A ƙasar ne yawanci a aƙidar Karl Marx^[4], ko gurguzu daya-jam'iyya cewa da'awar gudanar da mulki a madadin mutanen ko da shi a yi sau da yawa dai itace ya zama mai mulkin kama karya. Populism wani laima ne na lamuran siyasa daban-daban da ke da'awar wakiltar mutane, galibi tare da nuna cewa suna yi wa, talakawa aiki ne maimakon manyan mutane.

Fasali Na Daya, Mataki na Daya na Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya bayyana cewa "mutane" suna da 'yancin cin gashin kansu. Kodayake matsayin kawai a matsayin mutane da haƙƙin cin gashin kansu, misali a batun 'yan asalin ƙasar, ba ya ba da izinin neman 'yanci da ƙasa mai cikakken iko, tunda mutane ma suna buƙatar ƙasa da gwamnatin tsakiya don isa mulkin mallaka a siyasar duniya.^[5]

A dokar laifi, a wasu yankuna, ana gabatar da karar masu laifi da sunan Mutane. Yawancin jihohin Amurka, gami da California^[6], Illinois, da New York^[7], suna amfani da wannan salon.^[8] Ambaton da ke wajen ƙananan hukumomin da ake magana a kansu galibi suna maye gurbin sunan jihar da kalmomin "Mutane" a cikin rubutun.^[9] Jihohi hudu - Massachusetts, Virginia, Pennsylvania, da Kentucky - koma zuwa ga kansu a matsayin Commonwealth idan harrufin rubutu da tsarin doka. Sauran jihohi, kamar Indiana, galibi suna ambaton kansu a matsayin Jiha idan har an samu rubuce rubuce da aiwatar da doka.

A wajen Amurka, ana gabatar da kararrakin aikata laifi a kasashen Ireland da Philippines da sunan mutanen jihohinsu.

Ka'idar siyasar da ke karkashin wannan tsari ita ce, ana gabatar da kararraki a kan laifuka da sunan sarki; don haka, a cikin waɗannan jihohin Amurka, ana yanke hukuncin "mutane" a matsayin masu sarauta, kamar yadda a cikin Kingdomasar Ingila da sauran masu dogaro da Masarautar Burtaniya, yawanci ana gabatar da ƙararraki da laifi da sunan Masarautar. "Jama'ar" tana bayyana dukkanin ƙungiyar 'yan ƙasa ta ikon da aka kuma saka hannun jari tare da ikon siyasa ko aka taru don dalilan siyasa.^[10]

• Kabila
• Dangi
• Kabila
• Jerin kabilun zamani
• Jerin 'yan asalin ƙasar
• Volk
• Asalin ƙasa
• Nationalasar
• Jama'a
• Jamhuriya
• Dimokiradiyya
• Jamhuriyar jama'a
• Da Kuma Al ummah

1. ↑ https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.aljazeera.com/amp/features/longform/2024/6/17/sovereign-flex-how-a-tribe-defied-a-us-state-with-a-cannabis-superstore&ved=2ahUKEwiFvLzBsfyGAxUGQEEAHdGsB6oQyM8BKAB6BAgHEAI&usg=AOvVaw3KW29GwotJiqSyzv_5Pk3a
2. ↑ https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1599496-rikicin-siyasa-gwamna-da-magoya-bayansa-sun-dawo-daga-rakiyar-jamiyyar-pdp/&ved=2ahUKEwia5PPwov6GAxUrWkEAHfOmCxMQxfQBKAB6BAgPEAI&usg=AOvVaw0gUwstL_gQatmUworuWa2m
3. ↑ https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2024/06/22/us/stoic-philosophers-election-anxiety-cec&ved=2ahUKEwizldfcov6GAxW5QkEAHSbDAmcQyM8BKAB6BAgLEAI&usg=AOvVaw2ggpeMQKscMkJwb7EUlaAP
4. ↑ https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://amp.theguardian.com/politics/2024/jan/23/is-now-the-time-for-karl-marx-resurrection&ved=2ahUKEwjWi7STo_6GAxVTXUEAHd2HCccQyM8BKAB6BAgKEAI&usg=AOvVaw0HTiuViyvrPdG00n2guLfV
5. ↑ See the following:
6. ↑ https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2024/06/26/world/china-pandas-san-diego-zoo-intl-hnk&ved=2ahUKEwjsncbbo_6GAxXOT0EAHSlnDHMQyM8BKAB6BAgQEAI&usg=AOvVaw0Jzoynzoxw9_E3eiIL2jMU
7. ↑ https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.foxweather.com/weather-news/nyc-lightning-strikes-evening-video.amp&ved=2ahUKEwj7uK-BpP6GAxVSQEEAHeoBD1UQyM8BKAB6BAgFEAE&usg=AOvVaw0OZv16hJ-_lrKMR352mgyY
8. ↑ See, e.g., California v. Anderson 6 Cal. 3d 628; 493 P.2d 880; 100 Cal. Rptr. 152; 1972 Cal. LEXIS 154 (1972)
9. ↑ See generally, The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation, rule 10.
10. ↑ Black's Law Dictionary, 5th ed., "People".