Dries van Agt
Andreas Antonius Maria " Dries " van Agtnl ; [lower-alpha 1] 2 Fabrairu 1931 - 5 Fabrairu 2024) ɗan siyasan Holland ne, masanin shari'a kuma jami'in diflomasiyya wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na Netherlands daga 19 Disamba 1977 har zuwa 4 ga Nuwamba 1982. Ya kasance fitaccen shugaban jam'iyyar Katolika (KVP) daga baya kuma jam'iyyar da ta gaje ta, Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA).
An san Van Agt saboda iyawarsa a matsayin ƙwararren mahawara kuma mai sasantawa. A lokacin da ya zama firayim minista, majalisar ministocinsa ne ke da alhakin gudanar da manyan gyare-gyaren ma'aikatan gwamnati da kuma kara rage gibin da aka samu bayan koma bayan tattalin arziki a shekarun 1980 . Van Agt ya ci gaba da yin tsokaci kan harkokin siyasa a matsayinsa na dan siyasa har sai da ya yi fama da babban bugun jini a watan Mayun 2019 wanda ya tilasta masa yin gyara. Ya rike wannan matsayin a matsayin wanda ya fi kowa tsufa kuma tsohon firayim minista bayan mutuwar Piet de Jong a watan Yulin 2016, har zuwa mutuwarsa a watan Fabrairun 2024.
Rayuwar farko
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Andreas Antonius Maria van Agt a Geldrop, Netherlands a cikin dangin Roman Katolika . Bayan ya sami diploma na Gymnasium-A a Augustinianum, ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Katolika ta Nijmegen, inda ya sami digirin digiri a fannin shari'a a 1955. Bayan kammala karatunsa, ya yi aikin lauya a Eindhoven har zuwa 1957, bayan haka ya yi aiki a ofishin shari'a da kasuwanci na ma'aikatar noma da kamun kifi har zuwa 1962. Daga 1962 zuwa 1968, ya yi aiki a ma'aikatar shari'a .
Sana'ar siyasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Minista kuma mataimakin firaminista
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Van Agt ya shiga siyasa a matsayin memba na jam'iyyar Katolika, wanda ya hade da sauran manyan jam'iyyun dimokuradiyya na Kirista guda biyu a 1980 don kafa Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA). Daga 1968 zuwa 1971, Van Agt ya kasance Farfesa na Dokokin Laifuka a Jami'ar Katolika ta Nijmegen. Daga 1971 zuwa 1973, ya yi aiki a matsayin Ministan Shari'a a majalisar ministocin Biesheuvel ta farko da ta biyu. [1] Ya haifar da fushi lokacin da ya yi ƙoƙarin yin afuwa ga masu aikata laifukan yaƙi na Nazi uku na ƙarshe har yanzu a cikin kurkukun Holland (wanda aka sani da The Breda Four ) a cikin 1972. Daga 1973 zuwa 1977, ya zama Mataimakin Firayim Minista kuma Ministan Shari'a a majalisar ministocin Den Uyl . [1]
Shugaban jam'iyyar Christian Democratic Appeal
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A 1976, Van Agt aka zaba shugaban farko na Christian Democratic Appeal, sa'an nan har yanzu a tarayya na uku confessional jam'iyyun: Christian Historical Union, Katolika People's Party da Anti-Revolutionary Party, wanda ya yi takara tare da jerin haɗin kai a karon farko a babban zaɓe na 1977 (haɗin ya biyo baya a 1980). Tare da Van Agt a matsayin dan takarar jagoranta, Christian Democratic Appeal ya sauya shekaru na raguwa a 1977 kuma ya koma kan mulki.
Firayim Minista a cikin majalisar ministocin Van Agt I
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A zaben 'yan majalisa na watan Mayu 1977, jam'iyyar Labour (PvdA) ta sami mafi yawan kujeru, don haka majalisar ministocin Den Uyl ta biyu da alama. Sai dai kuma rikicin da ke tsakanin jam'iyyar Katolika ta Katolika da jam'iyyar Labour a cikin kawancen karshe na jam'iyyar, hade da cewa hadin gwiwa tsakanin jam'iyyar Christian Democratic Appeal da na People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) ya yiwu, tattaunawar ta ci tura bayan shafe watanni bakwai. Daga ƙarshe Van Agt ya yi shawarwari tare da shugaban VVD Hans Wiegel . Daga 19 ga Disamba 1977 zuwa 11 ga Satumba 1981, Van Agt ya yi aiki a matsayin Firayim Minista na Netherlands kuma Ministan Janar a Majalisar Ministocin Van Agt I.
Firayim Minista a cikin majalisar ministocin Van Agt II
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A cikin 1981 babban zaben, CDA da VVD duka sun rasa kujerun majalisa, don haka ci gaba da haɗin gwiwar CDA-VVD ba zai yiwu ba, kuma Van Agt ya tilasta shiga cikin haɗin gwiwa tare da Jam'iyyar Labour da Democrat 66 (wanda, a karkashin Jan Terlouw, ya sami gagarumin adadin kujeru). Watanni uku na tattaunawa mai wahala ya haifar da majalisar ministocin Van Agt II (11 Satumba 1981 - 29 May 1982). A cikin wannan abun, Van Agt ya sake yin aiki tare da Joop den Uyl yayin da Den Uyl ya zama Mataimakin Firayim Minista kuma "Babban Ministan" na Harkokin Jama'a da Aiki. Bambance-bambancen halaye da na siyasa sun haifar da rarrabuwa da yawa, kuma a cikin Mayu 1982 gwamnati ta fadi.
Rikicin da ke tsakanin Van Agt da Den Uyl ya tabarbare har lokacin da Den Uyl ya mutu daga ciwon kwakwalwa a shekara ta 1987, dangin ba a gayyaci Van Agt zuwa taron tunawa da mutane ba. Matar Den Uyl Liesbeth ta yi jayayya cewa Van Agt ya hana majalisar Den Uyl ta biyu kafa a 1977.
Firayim Minista a cikin majalisar ministocin Van Agt III
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Gwamnatin rikon kwarya ta ci gaba da zama majalisar ministoci maras rinjaye, tare da ministocin jam'iyyun Christian Democratic Appeal da Democrats 66 kawai, a cikin majalisar ministocin Van Agt III. Domin maye gurbin ministocin jam'iyyar Labour shida, an nada sabbin ministoci biyar na Christian Democratic Appeal da Democrats 66, yayin da Van Agt, baya ga zama firayim minista, ya dauki mukamin ministan harkokin waje a kansa.
An shirya sabon zaben ‘yan majalisa a watan Satumban 1982. Ko da yake Van Agt a wannan lokaci ya gaji, an lallashe shi ya sake jagorantar jerin sunayen jam'iyyarsa, amma jim kadan bayan zaben ya janye daga matsayin dan takarar firaminista kuma Ruud Lubbers ya gaje shi.
Bayan siyasa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Jami'in diflomasiyya
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Dries van Agt ya kasance jakadan Tarayyar Turai a Japan daga 1987 zuwa 1990 da kuma Amurka daga 1990 zuwa 1995. Daga 1995 zuwa 1996, ya kasance Farfesa mai Ziyara na Hulɗar Ƙasashen Duniya a Jami'ar Kyoto .
Farfesa
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Har zuwa mutuwarsa, Van Agt ya kasance Babban Mashawarci na Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya don Adalci da Aminci, tushe a ƙarƙashin dokar Dutch, rajista a Cibiyar Kasuwanci a Amsterdam . Ben Smoes dan kasuwa mai ritaya na kasa da kasa ne ke shugabanta, a halin yanzu suna mai da hankali kan adalci da zaman lafiya dangane da rikicin Isra'ila da Falasdinu .
Ayyukan aiki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]
Van Agt ya yi lacca a birnin Alkahira a watan Mayun shekara ta 2006 bisa gayyatar da mujallar Lantarki ta Masar ta Arab-West Report game da manyan sauye-sauye a yanayin al'adu na arewa maso yammacin Turai a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, inda suka zama masu adawa da addini, ciki har da Musulunci. Ya kara da cewa, ya kamata musulmi su fahimci wadannan sauye-sauye don samun damar mayar da martani mai kyau ga sukar da Turawa ke yi wa Musulunci da kuma duniyar musulmi.
Har ila yau, Van Agt ya yi magana game da Majalisar Kasa a Masar don ci gaba da jinkiri wajen ba da Cibiyar Fahimtar Larabawa-West (CAWU) matsayin NGO. Ya gana da manyan mutane a Masar don ya shawo kan su. Majalisar Masarautar Masar, bayan ziyarar van Agt a birnin Alkahira a shekara ta 2006, ta yanke hukunci a ranar 18 ga Fabrairun 2007 cewa ya kamata a amince da cibiyar a matsayin wata kungiya mai zaman kanta a karkashin dokokin Masar, wanda ya kawo karshen gwagwarmayar shekaru uku don samun wannan matsayi. An san Masar da rashin son baiwa kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu matsayi don hana shiga siyasa. Cornelis Hulsman, masanin ilimin zamantakewar al'ummar Holland, babban editan rahoton Larabawa-West, da kuma shugaban CAWU, ya bayyana cewa kokarin van Agt ya yi tasiri sosai wajen cimma manufofinsu, wanda yawanci yana buƙatar lokaci mai tsawo da bincike a cikin manufofin siyasa.
Tsawon wasu shekaru, Van Agt ya dauki matsaya a fili game da yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya, wanda ya haifar da kakkausar suka kan manufofin da gwamnatin Isra'ila ta dauka dangane da Falasdinawa. Lokacin da yake kan karagar mulki, Van Agt ya kasance mai goyon bayan Isra'ila, amma bayan ya sauka daga mulki a shekara ta 1982, ya canza shawara. A cewar nasa kalaman wani muhimmin juzu'i shi ne ziyarar da aka kai a ƙarshen shekarun 90 a Jami'ar Bethlehem a Yammacin Gabar Kogin Jordan da Isra'ila ta mamaye. Ya zargi Isra'ila da " ta'addancin kasa " da kuma mayar da yankunan Falasdinawa " bantustans ".
A cikin 2009, Van Agt ya kafa The Rights Forum, wata kungiya mai zaman kanta da ke da nufin inganta "manufofin Holland da Turai masu dorewa game da batun Falasdinu / Isra'ila". [2] A shekara ta 2012, ya ce ya kamata Yahudawa su kasance da kasa a Jamus maimakon Isra'ila. A watan Satumban 2016, dangane da ziyarar da firaministan Isra'ila Benjamin Netanyahu ya kai Netherlands, Van Agt ya bayar da hujjar cewa ci gaba da mamayar da Isra'ila ke yi a yankunan Falasdinawa da gina matsugunan a can ya zama wani laifin yaki a karkashin yarjejeniyar Roma kuma ya ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a aika Netanyahu zuwa kotun hukunta manyan laifuka ta duniya . [3]
Rayuwa ta sirri da mutuwa
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An san Van Agt don amfani da yaren tsafi da sarƙaƙƙiyar jimla, da kuma son hawan keke. Ya auri Eugenie Krekelberg a cikin 1958, kuma suna da yara uku [1] da jikoki bakwai, gami da ƙwararriyar ƴan keke Eva van Agt . A cikin 2012, ya shiga Kwamitin Ba da Shawarwari na Gidan Tarihi na Duniya don Tarihin Iyali . Van Agt ya zauna a Heilig Landstichting, kusa da Nijmegen, har mutuwarsa.
Van Agt da matarsa, bayan zabar euthanasia, sun mutu a ranar 5 ga Fabrairu 2024, kwanaki uku bayan cika shekaru 93. [4] A cewar dangi, ma'auratan sun mutu ne rike da hannuwa. [5] Van Agt a baya ya sha fama da zubar da jini mai rauni a kwakwalwa yayin da yake jawabi a cikin 2019. [2]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Wie is Dries van Agt?". NTR Focus (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 1 April 2020. Retrieved 24 June 2021.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "NPOFocus" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Former Dutch Prime Minister Dries van Agt and his wife die 'hand in hand' by euthanasia at age 93". Associated Press (in Turanci). 9 February 2024. Archived from the original on 9 February 2024. Retrieved 10 February 2024. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "apdeath" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ Cockburn, Harry (6 September 2016). "Former Dutch PM calls Benjamin Netanyahu a 'war criminal' who should be tried in The Hague". independent.co.uk. Archived from the original on 16 June 2024. Retrieved 27 September 2016.
- ↑ "Oud-premier Dries van Agt (93) overleden". NOS (in Holanci). 2024-02-09. Archived from the original on 18 March 2024. Retrieved 2024-02-09.
- ↑ "Oud-premier Dries van Agt (93) overleden: 'Hij stierf hand in hand samen met zijn vrouw Eugenie'" [Van Agt and wife "died holding hands"]. Retrieved 9 February 2024.