Cidade Velha

Cidade Velha
	;
Wuri
	14°55′00″N 23°36′15″W / 14.9167°N 23.6042°W
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	Cabo Verde
Administrative territorial entity of Cape Verde (en)	Sotavento Islands (en)
Concelho of Cape Verde (en)	Ribeira Grande de Santiago (en)
Babban birnin	Ribeira Grande de Santiago (en) (2005–)
Yawan mutane
Faɗi	2,148
• Yawan mutane	1,027.26 mazaunan/km²
Labarin ƙasa
Yawan fili	209.1 ha
Altitude (en)	1 m
Bayanan tarihi
Ƙirƙira	1462

Cidade Velha (Fotigal don "tsohon birni", kuma: Santiago de Cabo Verde) birni ne,^[1] da ke kudancin tsibirin Santiago, Cape Verde. An kafa shi a cikin 1462,^[2] shine mafi dadewa mazauna a Cape Verde kuma tsohon babban birninsa. Da zarar ana kiranta Ribeira Grande, an canza sunanta zuwa Cidade Velha a ƙarshen karni na 18.^[3] Ita ce wurin zama na gundumar Ribeira Grande de Santiago.

Wannan garin da yake kusa da gabar tekun arewa maso yammacin Afirka, shi ne na farko da Turawa suka yi wa mulkin mallaka a wurare masu zafi. Wasu daga cikin tsararru na asali da aka tsara na wurin har yanzu suna nan daram, gami da katangar sarki, majami'u biyu da filin gari na ƙarni na 16. A yau, Cidade Velha tashar jiragen ruwa ce ta Atlantika kuma cibiyar al'adun Creole. Garin ya zama Gidan Tarihin Duniya na UNESCO kuma ɗayan abubuwan al'ajabi bakwai na Asalin Fotigal a Duniya a cikin 2009.^[3]

Labarin ƙasa

Cidade Velha yana kudu maso yammacin Santiago, a bakin kogin Ribeira Grande de Santiago. Yana da nisan kilomita 10 (mil 6) yamma da Praia babban birnin kasar. Yankunan birni sun haɗa da Largo Pelourinho, São Sebastião, Santo António da São Pedro.

Tarihi

António da Noli, dan Genoese ne a cikin sabis na Fotigal, ya gano tsibirin Santiago a cikin 1460.^[2] Da Noli ya zauna a Ribeira Grande tare da danginsa da Fotigal daga Algarve da Alentejo a 1462. ^[2] Yanayin daidaitawa yana da kyau saboda yawan ruwa daga kogin Ribeira Grande, wanda ya ba shi dama fiye da sauran mazauna a Santiago, Alcatrazes.^[2] Matsalolin ya zama tashar tashar kira mai mahimmanci ga mulkin mallaka na Portuguese zuwa Afirka da Kudancin Amirka. A cikin karni na 16 da 17, ta kasance cibiyar kasuwancin teku tsakanin Afirka, Cape, Brazil da Caribbean. Saboda kusancinsa da gabar tekun Afirka, ya kasance muhimmin dandali na cinikin bayi.^[3]

Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Cidade Velha ta kasance wurin tsayawa ga manyan jiragen ruwa guda biyu: Vasco da Gama, a cikin 1497, a kan hanyarsa ta zuwa Indiya, da Christopher Columbus, a 1498, yayin da yake tafiya ta uku zuwa Amurka. A cikin 1522, shine wurin tsayawa ga mai binciken Ferdinand Magellan daga baya wanda ya yi aiki a ƙarƙashin Spain akan hanyarsa ta kewaya duniya.

Cidade Velha tana da majami'ar mulkin mallaka mafi dadewa a duniya - Nossa Senhora do Rosário coci, wadda aka gina a shekara ta 1495. A shekara ta 1533, Cidade Velha ta zama wurin zama na sabon Diocese na Roman Katolika na Santiago de Cabo Verde, wanda Paparoma Clement ya kirkira. VII. A halin yanzu, wurin zama a Praia.

Arzikin Ribeira Grande da rikice-rikice tsakanin Portugal da masu adawa da mulkin mallaka Faransa da Biritaniya sun jawo hare-haren 'yan fashi, ciki har da wadanda Francis Drake (1585) da Jacques Cassard (1712) suka yi.^[2] Ribeira Grande ya kasance mai rauni kuma ya shiga raguwa. An ƙaura babban birnin zuwa Praia a cikin 1770.^[4]

Ribeira Grande (yanzu Cidade Velha) an rage shi zuwa matsayin ƙauye kuma gine-ginen farar hula, na addini da na soja sun lalace. Tun daga shekarun 1960, an fara ayyukan gyare-gyare.^[5] A cikin 2009, ya zama Gidan Tarihi na Duniya na UNESCO.^[3]

Demography

Yawan jama'ar garin Cidade Velha (1990–2010)
1990	2010
2148	1214

Shafukan sha'awa

Pelourinho (Pillory), wanda aka gina a shekara ta 1512 ko kuma 1520. A wannan ginshiƙin marmara an hukunta bayi masu tawaye a fili. An maido da shi a shekarun 1960. Yana tsaye a babban dandalin birnin.^[5]
Forte Real de São Filipe, wanda aka gina a cikin 1587–93. ^[5] An gina wannan katafaren kariya daga hare-haren 'yan fashin teku (yawan Faransanci da Ingilishi). Tsayin yana da 120 m sama da matakin teku.
Cocin Nossa Senhora do Rosário, majami'ar mulkin mallaka mafi tsufa a duniya, wanda aka gina a cikin 1495. Tana da ɗakin sujada a cikin salon Manueline Gothic.^[5]
Rushe Cathedral Sé, ginin ya fara a 1556 kuma an kammala shi a cikin 1705, an washe shi a cikin 1712. Rushewar rugujewar ta (ikilisiya tana da tsayin mita 60) an kiyaye shi a cikin 2004.^[5]
Rushewar gidan zuhudu na São Francisco, wanda aka gina a shekara ta 1657 akan wani gangare a wajen tsakiyar birnin. An maido da cocin zuhudu a shekara ta 2002.^[5]
Ana iya samun gidajen gargajiya da yawa a kan tituna rua Banana da rua Carreira.^[5]

Yanayi

Cidade Velha yana da yanayi mai zafi (Köppen BWh). Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine milimita 201 ko inci 7.91, kuma matsakaicin zafinsa shine 25.2 °C ko 77.4 °F. Mafi kyawun watan shine Janairu (matsakaicin 23.0 °C ko 73.4 °F) kuma mafi zafi shine Oktoba (matsakaicin 28.0 °C ko 82.4 °F).

Climate data for Cidade Velha, 1 metre ASL
Watan	Janairu	Fabrairu	Maris	Afrilu	Mayu	Yuni	Yuli	Ogusta	Satumba	Oktoba	Nuwamba	Disamba	Shekara
Average high °C (°F)	26.7 (80.1)	27.2 (81.0)	27.9 (82.2)	28.3 (82.9)	28.5 (83.3)	29.6 (85.3)	29.4 (84.9)	30 (86)	30.6 (87.1)	31 (88)	29.7 (85.5)	27.3 (81.1)	28.9 (84.0)
Average low °C (°F)	19.4 (66.9)	19.2 (66.6)	19.7 (67.5)	20.1 (68.2)	21 (70)	21.8 (71.2)	22.5 (72.5)	23.7 (74.7)	23.9 (75.0)	25 (77)	22.3 (72.1)	20.8 (69.4)	21.6 (70.9)
Average rainfall mm (inches)	2 (0.1)	2 (0.1)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	7 (0.3)	50 (2.0)	90 (3.5)	40 (1.6)	9 (0.4)	1 (0.0)	201 (8)
Source: climate-data.org^[6]