Carol Greider

Carol Greider
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	San Diego, 15 ga Afirilu, 1961 (63 shekaru)
ƙasa	Tarayyar Amurka
Mazauni	Davis (en)
Ƴan uwa
Abokiyar zama	Nathaniel C. Comfort (en)  (1993 -  2011)
Karatu
Makaranta	University of California, Berkeley (en) University of California, Santa Barbara (en)
Matakin karatu	Doctor of Philosophy (en)
Thesis director	Elizabeth Blackburn (en)
Harsuna	Turanci
Sana'a
Sana'a	biologist (en) , molecular biologist (en) , geneticist (en) da biochemist (en)
Employers	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (en) Johns Hopkins School of Medicine (en) Johns Hopkins University (en)  (1 Satumba 1997 - University of California, Santa Cruz (en)  (1 Oktoba 2020 -
Kyaututtuka	gani Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research  (2006) Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine  (2009) Canada Gairdner International Award  (1998) Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize  (2009) Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize  (2007) Dickson Prize in Medicine  (2007) Pearl Meister Greengard Prize  (2008) Rosenstiel Award  (1998) Richard Lounsbery Award  (2003) Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences Maryland Women's Hall of Fame  (2011) Clarivate Citation Laureates  (2009) AACR Award for Outstanding Achievement in Cancer Research
Mamba	National Academy of Sciences (en) American Academy of Arts and Sciences (en) National Academy of Medicine (en) American Association for the Advancement of Science (en)
greiderlab.org

Carolyn Widney Greider (an Haife ta Afrilu 15, 1961) ƙwararriyar masaniyar ƙwayoyin halitta Ba'amurkiy ce kuma ta sami lambar yabo ta Nobel. Ita Mashahuriyar Farfesa ce na Kwayoyin Halitta, Kwayoyin Halitta, da Ilimin Halitta^[1] a Jami'ar California, Santa Cruz.

Greider ta gano telomerase enzyme a cikin 1984, yayin da take karatun digiri na biyu na Elizabeth Blackburn a Jami'ar California, Berkeley. Greider ta fara bincike akan tsarin telomeres, ƙarshen chromosomes. An ba ta lambar yabo ta Nobel ta 2009 don Physiology ko Medicine, tare da Blackburn da Jack W. Szostak, saboda binciken da suka yi cewa telomeres yana da kariya daga ci gaba ta hanyar telomerase enzyme.^[2]

An haifi Greider a San Diego, California. Mahaifinta, Kenneth Greider, malamar kimiyyar lissafi ce.^[3] Iyalinta sun ƙaura daga San Diego zuwa Davis, California, inda ta shafe yawancin shekarunta na farko kuma ta sauke karatu daga Davis Senior High School a 1979. Ta sauke karatu daga Kwalejin Nazarin Ƙirƙira a Jami'ar California, Santa Barbara, tare da B.A. a fannin ilmin halitta a shekarar 1983. A wannan lokacin kuma ta yi karatu a jami'ar Göttingen kuma ta yi bincike mai zurfi a can.^[4]

Greider tana da dyslexici kuma ta bayyana cewa "ƙwarewar ramawa ita ma ta taka rawa wajen nasarar da na samu a matsayina na masanin kimiyya saboda dole ne mutum ya haifar da abubuwa daban-daban da ke faruwa a lokaci guda kuma a yi amfani da su ga wata matsala"^[5]. Greider ta fara zargin dyslexia dinta bayan ya ga alamu na kuskuren gama gari kamar kalmomin baya lokacin da ta sami aikin da aka yi a matakin farko.^[6] Greider ta fara haddace kalmomi da haruffansu maimakon ƙoƙarin fitar da harafin kalmomi. Greider ta yi aiki sosai don shawo kan cutar ta dyslexia don samun nasara a rayuwarta ta sana'a kuma ta yaba da dyslexia don taimaka mata ta fahimci bambance-bambance da yanke shawarar da ba a saba gani ba kamar wanda zai yi aiki tare da Tetrahymena, wata halitta mai ban mamaki.^[7]

Greider da farko tana da wahalar shiga makarantar digiri saboda ƙarancin maki GRE ɗinta saboda dyslexia. Greider ta yi amfani da makarantun grad goma sha uku kuma an yarda da shi zuwa biyu kawai, Cibiyar Fasaha ta California da Jami'ar California, Berkeley.Ta zaɓi yin karatu a Berkeley.^[5]

Greider ta kammala Ph.D. a cikin ilmin kwayoyin halitta a cikin 1987 a Berkeley karkashin Elizabeth Blackburn. Yayin da suke Berkeley, Greider da Blackburn sun gano yadda chromosomes ke kare ta telomeres da enzyme telomerase.^[8] Greider ta shiga dakin gwaje-gwaje na Blackburn a cikin Afrilu 1984 tana neman enzyme wanda aka ɗauka don ƙara ƙarin tushen DNA zuwa ƙarshen chromosomes. Ba tare da ƙarin tushe ba, waɗanda aka ƙara a matsayin maimaituwa na nau'i-nau'i guda shida, chromosomes suna taqaitaccen lokacin yin kwafin DNA, a ƙarshe yana haifar da lalacewar chromosome da jin daɗi ko ciwon daji mai haifar da haɗin chromosome. Blackburn da Greider sun nemi enzyme a cikin samfurin kwayoyin halitta Tetrahymena thermophila, protozoan sabo-ruwa tare da adadi mai yawa na telomeres.^[9]

1. ↑ Stephens, Tim. "Eminent biologist Carol Greider to join UC Santa Cruz faculty". UC Santa Cruz News. Retrieved May 22, 2020.
2. ↑ "Blackburn, Greider, and Szostak share Nobel". Dolan DNA Learning Center. Archived from the original on October 22, 2009. Retrieved October 5, 2009
3. ↑ "Former Davis resident receives Nobel Prize". The California Aggie. October 12, 2009. Retrieved April 7, 2015
4. ↑ Press release, University of Göttingen (December 9, 2009). (German)
5. ↑ ^{5.0 5.1} Kathy Crockett. "Carol Greider, Scientist, Nobel Prize Winner". Yale University. The Yale Center for Dyslexia & Creativity. Retrieved March 5, 2015
6. ↑ Carol W. Greider – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved September 28, 2017
7. ↑ Carol W. Greider – Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved September 28, 2017
8. ↑ "The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009". Retrieved April 7, 2015.
9. ↑ Nuzzo, R. (2005). "Biography of Carol W. Greider". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 102 (23): 8077–8079. Bibcode:2005PNAS..102.8077N. doi:10.1073/pnas.0503019102. PMC 1149435. PMID 15928079.