Buraq

Buraq
mythical creature (en)
Bayanai
Bangare na	Islamic mythology (en)
Sunan asali	الْبُرَاقُ
Ƙasa	Jerusalem
Alaƙanta da	Israi da Mi'raji
Wuri
Ƴantacciyar ƙasa	State of Palestine
Occupied territory (en)	West Bank (en)
Governorate of the State of Palestine (en)	Quds Governorate (en)
Birni	Jerusalem

Burāq (Larabci: الْبُرَاق al-Burāq ko /ælˈbʊrɑːk/ "walƙiya" ko kuma gabaɗaya "mai haske") wata halitta ce a cikin al'adar Musulunci da aka ce safarar wasu annabawa ce. Muhimman labaran hadisi game da Isra'i da Mi'iraji sun ba da labarin cewa Buraq ya ɗauko Annabin Musulunci Muhammad daga Makka zuwa Kudus da sama da dawowa da dare.^[1]

Encyclopaedia of Islam, yana nufin rubuce-rubucen Al-Damiri (d.1405), yana ɗaukar Buraq a matsayin asalin da kuma adabin Larabci: برق barq "walƙiya / walƙiya" ko ma'anoni daban-daban na ma'ana daga kalmar: "da katako, walƙiya, haske, haske, haske.^[2] A cewar Encyclopædia Iranica, "Boraq" nau'in Arabized ne na "Farisa ta Tsakiya *barāg ko *bārag, 'dabbar hawa, hawa' (Sabuwar Farisa bāra)".^[3]

Bisa al'adar Musulunci, Tafiyar Dare ta faru ne shekaru goma bayan Muhammadu ya bayyana annabcinsa, a cikin karni na 7. Muhammadu ya kasance a Makka, a gidan kaninsa (gidan Fakhitah bint Abi Talib), lokacin da ya tafi al-Masjid al-Haram (Masallacin Al-Haram). Yayin da yake hutawa a dakin Ka'aba, Jibrilu ya bayyana gare shi yana kawo Buraq, wanda ya dauki Muhammad a cikin tawagar shugaban mala'iku, zuwa al-Masjid al-Aqsaʼ,[Quran 17:1] wanda aka saba da shi a Urushalima.

A nan ne ya sauka daga Buraq, ya yi addu'a a wurin Haikali mai tsarki (Bait Al-Maqdis), sannan ya sake dora shi yayin da halittar ta hau sama bakwai inda ya hadu da Adamu da Isa da dan uwansa Yahaya Maibaftisma, Yusufu, Anuhu, Haruna, Musa da Ibrahim daya bayan daya har ya kai ga kursiyin Allah. Allah ya yi magana da shi yana ba shi kalmomi da umarni, mafi mahimmancin umarnin da aka yi wa musulmi na yin sallah, tun farko sau hamsin a rana. Dangane da roƙon Musa, Muhammadu ya koma ga Allah sau da yawa kafin daga bisani ya rage adadin zuwa biyar.^[4]

Ibn Ishaq ya ce, Buraq ya yi jigilar Ibrahim ne a lokacin da ya ziyarci Hajara da Isma’il. Hadisi ya nuna cewa Ibrahim ya zauna tare da Saratu a Kan'ana amma Buraq sukan kai shi Makka da safe don su ga iyalansa a can su mayar da shi da yamma.^[5]

Duk da cewa Hadisin bai fito karara ya yi nuni da Buraq a matsayin fuskar mutum ba, kusan ko da yaushe fasahar Gabas da Farisa tana nuna hakan - hoton da ya sami hanyar shiga fasahar Musulunci ta Indiya da Farisa. Wataƙila wannan ya samo asali ne daga fassarar halittar da aka siffanta da "kyakkyawan fuska" a matsayin fuskar mutum maimakon dabba.

An karbo daga fassarar Sahihul Bukhari yana siffanta Buraq cewa:

Sai aka kawo mini wata farar dabba wacce ta fi alfadara girma, wacce ta fi jaki girma ... Takun dabbar (yana da fadi har ya kai ga nesa da dabbar ta iya gani).

— Muhammad al-Bukhari, Sahih al-Bukhari^[6]

Wani guntu kuma ya yi bayanin Buraq dalla-dalla:

Sai Jibrilu ya kawo Buraq mai kyakykyawan fuska da garu, wata dabba doguwa fari ce wacce ta fi jaki girma amma ta fi alfadara karama. Yana iya sanya kofatonsa a iyakar kallonsa. Yana da dogayen kunnuwa. A duk lokacin da ya fuskanci dutse sai kafafun bayansa su kara tsayi, kuma duk lokacin da ya gangara kasa kafafunsa na gaba su kan shimfida. Yana da fukafukai biyu a cinyoyinsa waɗanda suka ba da ƙarfi ga ƙafafunsa. Ya buge lokacin da Muhammad ya zo ya hau shi. Sai Mala'ika Jibrilu ya dora hannunsa akan ma'aikinsa ya ce: "Shin ba ka jin kunya ya Buraq? Wallahi babu wanda ya hauka a cikin dukkan halitta fiye da shi." Jin haka sai ya ji kunya sai zufa take yi har sai da ya jike, ya tsaya cak har Annabi ya hau shi.^[7]

A cikin bayanin da suka gabata babu yarjejeniya dangane da jinsin Buraq. Yawanci namiji ne, duk da haka Ibn Sa'd yana da Jibrilu yana magana da halitta a matsayin mace, kuma masu zane-zane da kan mace sukan yi shi sau da yawa.^[8] An kuma lura da ra'ayin cewa "al-Buraq" kawai mareyin allahntaka ne a cikin littafin The Dome of the Rock,^[9] a cikin babin "Kotun Bude", da kuma a cikin taken shafi na Georg Ebers's Palestine in Picture and Word.

Malamai da marubuta daban-daban, irin su ibn al-Faqih, ibn Abd Rabbih, da Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi, sun ba da shawarar wuraren da aka ce an haxe Buraq a cikin tatsuniyoyi, galibi wurare a kusa da kusurwar kudu maso yammacin Harami.^[10] Koyaya, tsawon ƙarni da yawa wurin da aka fi so shine Masallacin al-Buraq, kusa da bango a ƙarshen ƙarshen bangon Yammacin Plaza.^[10] Masallacin yana zaune a saman wata tsohuwar hanyar wucewa wacce ta taɓa fitowa ta Ƙofar Barclay da aka daɗe da rufewa wanda katon lintel ɗinsa ya kasance a bayyane a ƙasan ƙofar Maghrebi.^[10] Saboda kusancin katangar Yamma, yankin da ke kusa da bango yana da alaƙa da Buraq aƙalla tun a ƙarni na 19.

Lokacin da wani Bayahude dan Burtaniya ya nemi izinin mahukuntan Masar a shekara ta 1840 don sake shimfida kasa a gaban katangar Yamma, gwamnan Syria ya rubuta:

Ya tabbata daga kwafin bayanin shawarwarin majalisar tuntuba a birnin Kudus cewa wurin da yahudawan suka nemi izinin shimfida katangar Haramin Shariff da kuma wurin da aka daure Buraq din, kuma a hada da shi. a cikin littafin ladabtarwa na Abu Madyan, Allah ya jikansa da rahama; cewa Yahudawa ba su taɓa yin gyare-gyare a wurin ba a da. ... Don haka dole ne a ba Yahudawa damar shimfida wurin.^[11]

Carl Sandreczki, wanda ake tuhuma da hada jerin sunayen wurin Charles William Wilson's Ordnance Survey na Urushalima a 1865, ya ruwaito cewa titin da ke kaiwa ga bangon Yamma, gami da bangaren bangon, mallakar Hosh (kotu / katanga) na al Burâk, "ba Obrak ba, kuma ba Obrat".^[12] A cikin 1866, Consul na Prussian kuma masanin Gabas Georg Rosen ya rubuta cewa: “Larabawa suna kiran Obrak tsayin bangon duka a wurin makoki na Yahudawa, kudu har zuwa gidan Abu Su’ud da arewa har zuwa tsarin Mechkemeh. Obrâk ba, kamar yadda aka yi iƙirari a da, lalata kalmar Ibri (Ibraniyawa) ba ne, amma kawai lafazin sabon larabci na Borâk, ... wanda, yayin da (Muhammad) yake addu'a a dutse mai tsarki. , an ce shi ne ya hada shi a cikin bangon da aka ambata a sama."^[13]

Sunan Hosh al Buraq ya bayyana a taswirorin binciken Wilson na 1865, bugu na 1876 da 1900, da sauran taswirori a farkon karni na 20.^[14] A cikin 1922, Majalisar Pro-Jerusalem na hukuma ta ayyana shi azaman sunan titi.^[15]

Haɗin kai yankin katangar Yamma da Buraq ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a tashe-tashen hankula kan wurare masu tsarki tun lokacin da Birtaniyya ta ba da izini.^[16]

Ga Musulmi, Katangar Makoki (ko Katangar Yamma) ana kiranta da "Ḥā'iṭu 'l-Burāq" (Larabci: حَائِطُ ٱلْبُرَاق) - "Bangaren Buraq", don a gefe guda (bangaren musulmi na bangon kuka a kan. Dutsen Haikali) shi ne inda Muhammadu ya daura Buraq, dabbar da ya hau da ita a cikin daren Lailatul kadari (Larabci: Mi'rāj - مِعْرَاج). Katangar ta hade da tsarin Masallacin Al-Buraq.

• A Turkiyya, Burak sunan namiji ne na kowa.
• An sanya wa kamfanonin jiragen sama biyu suna Buraq: Buraq Air na Libya, da kuma tsohon jirgin saman Bouraq Indonesia na Indonesia (an rufe a 2006).
• "el-Borak" ɗan fashi ne a cikin littafin Rafael Sabatini mai suna The Sea Hawk; "El Borak" wani hali ne a cikin gajerun labarai na Robert E. Howard. Dukansu an ba su suna saboda saurinsu da juzu'i.
• An sanya wa NESCOM na Pakistan sunan Burraq.
• Aceh, Indonesiya, ta ɗauki hoton Buraq rampant da ya mamaye hatimin gwamnatin lardin da aka tsara.^[17]
• Ana kiran jam'iyyar Boragh APC ta Iran.
• Wani kamfanin mai na Malaysia mai suna Buraq Oil.^[18]
• Ana kiran wani kamfanin sufuri na Bangladesh Boraq Paribahan (বোরাক পরিবহন).
• Al-Boraq (Larabci: البُراق) babban titin jirgin kasa ne mai tsawon kilomita 323 (201 mi) tsakanin Casablanca da Tangier wanda ONCF ke gudanarwa a Maroko. Irinsa na farko a nahiyar Afirka, kuma mafi sauri.

1. ↑ Vuckovic, Brooke Olson (2004). Heavenly Journeys, Earthly Concerns. Routledge. p. 48. ISBN 9781135885243. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
2. ↑ Gruber, Christane J., "al-Burāq", in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson. Consulted online on 14 April 2018 <https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_24366>
3. ↑ Samfuri:Iranica
4. ↑ Sullivan, Leah. "Jerusalem: The Three Religions of the Temple Mount" (PDF). stanford.edu. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 July 2007. Retrieved 13 November 2018.
5. ↑ Firestone, Reuven (1990). Journeys in Holy Lands: The Evolution of the Abraham-Ishmael Legends in Islamic Exegesis. SUNY Press. p. 117. ISBN 978-0-7914-0331-0. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
6. ↑ Samfuri:Hadith-usc^{[dead link]}
7. ↑ Muhammad al-Alawi al-Maliki, al-Anwar al Bahiyya min Isra wa l-Mi'raj Khayr al-Bariyyah
8. ↑ T.W. Arnold (1965). Painting in Islam (PDF). p. 118. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-11-02. Retrieved 2021-11-02.
9. ↑ Grabar, Oleg (30 October 2006). The Dome of the Rock. Belknap Press. p. 214. ISBN 978-0674023130.
10. ↑ ^{10.0 10.1 10.2} Elad, Amikam (1995). Medieval Jerusalem and Islamic Worship: Holy Places, Ceremonies, Pilgrimage. BRILL. pp. 101–2. ISBN 978-90-04-10010-7.
11. ↑ F. E. Peters (1985). Jerusalem. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 541–542.. Arabic text in A. L. Tibawi (1978). The Islamic Pious Foundations in Jerusalem. London: The Islamic Cultural Centre. Appendix III.
12. ↑ Carl Sandrecki (1865). Account of a Survey of the City of Jerusalem made in order to ascertain the names of streets etc. Day IV. reproduced in Captain Charles W. Wilson R.E. (1865). Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem (Facsimile ed.). Ariel Publishing House (published 1980). Appendix.
13. ↑ G. Rosen (1866). Das Haram von Jerusalem und der Tempelplatz des Moria (in Jamusanci). Gotha. pp. 9–10. Die ganze Mauerstrecke am Klageplatz der Juden bis südlich an die Wohnung des Abu Su'ud und nördlich an die Substructionen der Mechkemeh wird von den Arabern Obrâk genannt, nicht, wie früher behauptet worden, eine Corruption des Wortes Ibri (Hebräer), sondern einfach die neu-arabische Aussprache von Bōrâk, [dem Namen des geflügelten Wunderrosses,] welches [den Muhammed vor seiner Auffahrt durch die sieben Himmel nach Jerusalem trug] und von ihm während seines Gebetes am heiligen Felsen im Innern der angegebenen Mauerstelle angebunden worden sein soll.
14. ↑ Captain Charles W. Wilson R.E. (1865). Ordnance Survey of Jerusalem (Facsimile ed.). Ariel Publishing House (published 1980). maps. Wilson 1876; Wilson 1900; August Kümmel 1904; Karl Baedeker 1912; George Adam Smith 1915.
15. ↑ Council of the Pro-Jerusalem Society (1924). C. R. Ashby (ed.). Jerusalem 1920-1922. London: John Murray. p. 27.
16. ↑ Halkin, Hillel (12 January 2001). ""Western Wall" or "Wailing Wall"?". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 5 October 2008.
17. ↑ Singa dan Burak menghiasi lambang Aceh dalam rancangan Qanun (Lion and Buraq decorate the coat of arms of Aceh in the Draft Regulation) Atjeh Post, 19 November 2012.
18. ↑ "About Company". Buraq Oil. Archived from the original on 15 August 2018. Retrieved 22 June 2016.