spd

See also: SPD

English

Noun

spd

Abbreviation of speed.

Anagrams

DPS, DPs, DSP, PDS, PDs, PSD, SDP

Egyptian

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /sɛpɛd/
- Conventional anglicization: seped

Verb

3-lit.

(intransitive) to be(come) sharp, to have a sharp point
- c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.2–1.3:
  
  spd dsw r th-mtn nn ḥn nj js ḥr zp.f
  Sharp are the knives against one who transgresses the path; there is no haste except at its proper time.
(intransitive) to be(come) pointy, to have a pointy shape
(transitive) to sharpen [chiefly Greco-Roman Period]
(intransitive, of people or body parts) to be(come) adept, skilful, effective
(intransitive, of speech, ideas, laws, etc.) to be(come) effective

Inflection

Conjugation of spd (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: spd, geminated stem: spdd

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
spd	spdw, spd	spdt	spd	spd

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
spd	ḥr spd	m spd	r spd

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
aspect / mood	active	aspect / mood	active
perfect	spd.n	consecutive	spd.jn
terminative	spdt	consecutive	spd.jn
perfective³	spd	obligative¹	spd.ḫr
imperfective	spd	obligative¹	spd.ḫr
prospective³	spd	potentialis¹	spd.kꜣ
subjunctive	spd	potentialis¹	spd.kꜣ

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
aspect / mood	active	active	passive
perfect	spd.n	—	—
perfective	spd	spd	spd, spdw⁵, spdy⁵
imperfective	spd, spdy, spdw⁵	spd, spdj⁶, spdy⁶	spd, spdw⁵
prospective	spd, spdtj⁷	spdtj⁴, spdt⁴

¹ Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
² Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
³ Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
⁴ Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. ⁵ Only in the masculine singular.
⁶ Only in the masculine.
⁷ Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of spd

spd

spt

[Old Kingdom]

[since the Middle Kingdom]

[Late Period]

Derived terms

References

“spd (lemma ID 500142)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 108.2–110.8
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 223–224