sedeo

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Latin

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Etymology

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    From Proto-Italic *sedēō, from earlier *sedējō, from Proto-Indo-European *sed-éh₁-ye-ti (eh₁-stative), from Proto-Indo-European *sed-, the same root as sīdō (“I settle, I sink down”).

    Cognates include Sanskrit सीदति (sī́dati), Old Church Slavonic сѣдѣти (sěděti), Old English sittan (English sit).

    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    sedeō (present infinitive sedēre, perfect active sēdī, supine sessum); second conjugation, impersonal in the passive

    1. to sit, to be seated
    2. to sit in an official seat; sit in council or court, hold court, preside
    3. to keep the field, remain encamped
    4. to settle or sink down, subside
    5. to sit still; remain, tarry, stay, abide, linger, loiter; sit around
    6. (figuratively) to hold or hang fast or firm; to be established, settled, fixed, determined, resolved
      • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 4.15:
        “Sī mihi nōn animō fīxum immōtumque sedēret, [...].”
        “If for me it were not resolved — in my mind, fixed and immovable — [...].”
    7. (Medieval Latin, Ibero-Romance) to be
      Pueri claustrales et bachalarii descendant in fine scalæ dormitorii, et illic sedeant.
      (please add an English translation of this usage example)

    Conjugation

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    This verb lacks almost all passive forms. Only the third-person singular passive forms are known.

       Conjugation of sedeō (second conjugation, impersonal in passive)
    indicative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present sedeō sedēs sedet sedēmus sedētis sedent
    imperfect sedēbam sedēbās sedēbat sedēbāmus sedēbātis sedēbant
    future sedēbō sedēbis sedēbit sedēbimus sedēbitis sedēbunt
    perfect sēdī sēdistī sēdit sēdimus sēdistis sēdērunt,
    sēdēre
    pluperfect sēderam sēderās sēderat sēderāmus sēderātis sēderant
    future perfect sēderō sēderis sēderit sēderimus sēderitis sēderint
    passive present — — sedētur — — —
    imperfect — — sedēbātur — — —
    future — — sedēbitur — — —
    perfect — — sessum est — — —
    pluperfect — — sessum erat — — —
    future perfect — — sessum erit — — —
    subjunctive singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present sedeam sedeās sedeat sedeāmus sedeātis sedeant
    imperfect sedērem sedērēs sedēret sedērēmus sedērētis sedērent
    perfect sēderim sēderīs sēderit sēderīmus sēderītis sēderint
    pluperfect sēdissem sēdissēs sēdisset sēdissēmus sēdissētis sēdissent
    passive present — — sedeātur — — —
    imperfect — — sedērētur — — —
    perfect — — sessum sit — — —
    pluperfect — — sessum esset,
    sessum foret     		— — —
    imperative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present — sedē — — sedēte —
    future — sedētō sedētō — sedētōte sedentō
    non-finite forms active passive
    present perfect future present perfect future
    infinitives sedēre sēdisse sessūrum esse sedērī sessum esse —
    participles sedēns — sessūrus — sessum sedendum
    verbal nouns gerund supine
    genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
    sedendī sedendō sedendum sedendō sessum sessū

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    References

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    • “sedeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “sedeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • Félix Gaffiot (1934) “sedeo”, in Dictionnaire illustré latin-français [Illustrated Latin-French Dictionary] (in French), Hachette.
    • Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
      • (ambiguous) to be on horseback: in equo sedere; equo insidēre
      • (ambiguous) to sit with folded arms; to be inactive: compressis manibus sedere (proverb.) (Liv. 7. 13)
      • (ambiguous) to hold the reins of government: ad gubernacula (metaph. only in plur.) rei publicae sedere
      • (ambiguous) the seat of war, theatre of operations: belli sedes (Liv. 4. 31)
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