poitriner
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French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From poitrine (“chest, breast”) + -er (verb suffix).
Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file)
Verb
[edit]poitriner
- to sing with a chest voice
- 1907, Pierre Bonnier, La Voix, sa culture physiologique (théorie nouvelle de la phonation). Conférences faites au Conservatoire de musique de Paris en 1906, 3rd edition, Éditions Félix Alcan, published 1910:
- Un contralto ne doit pas poitriner, même dans le grave; […]
- A contralto need not sing from the chest, even in the bass; […]
- (regional, Anjou, Vendée, literally or figuratively) to keep one's cards close to one's chest
- 1838-1847, Honoré de Balzac, Splendeurs et misères des courtisanes, quatrième partie:
- Je parlais à la bonne franquette, moi ! je parlais à M. de Grandville ; mais si le procureur général est là, je reprends mes cartes et je poitrine.
- I was speaking informally! I was speaking to Monsieur de Grandville; but if the public prosecutor is here, I shall keep my cards close to my chest.
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of poitriner (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | poitriner | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | poitrinant /pwa.tʁi.nɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | poitriné /pwa.tʁi.ne/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | poitrine /pwa.tʁin/ |
poitrines /pwa.tʁin/ |
poitrine /pwa.tʁin/ |
poitrinons /pwa.tʁi.nɔ̃/ |
poitrinez /pwa.tʁi.ne/ |
poitrinent /pwa.tʁin/ |
| imperfect | poitrinais /pwa.tʁi.nɛ/ |
poitrinais /pwa.tʁi.nɛ/ |
poitrinait /pwa.tʁi.nɛ/ |
poitrinions /pwa.tʁi.njɔ̃/ |
poitriniez /pwa.tʁi.nje/ |
poitrinaient /pwa.tʁi.nɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | poitrinai /pwa.tʁi.ne/ |
poitrinas /pwa.tʁi.na/ |
poitrina /pwa.tʁi.na/ |
poitrinâmes /pwa.tʁi.nam/ |
poitrinâtes /pwa.tʁi.nat/ |
poitrinèrent /pwa.tʁi.nɛʁ/ | |
| future | poitrinerai /pwa.tʁin.ʁe/ |
poitrineras /pwa.tʁin.ʁa/ |
poitrinera /pwa.tʁin.ʁa/ |
poitrinerons /pwa.tʁin.ʁɔ̃/ |
poitrinerez /pwa.tʁin.ʁe/ |
poitrineront /pwa.tʁin.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | poitrinerais /pwa.tʁin.ʁɛ/ |
poitrinerais /pwa.tʁin.ʁɛ/ |
poitrinerait /pwa.tʁin.ʁɛ/ |
poitrinerions /pwa.tʁi.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
poitrineriez /pwa.tʁi.nə.ʁje/ |
poitrineraient /pwa.tʁin.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | poitrine /pwa.tʁin/ |
poitrines /pwa.tʁin/ |
poitrine /pwa.tʁin/ |
poitrinions /pwa.tʁi.njɔ̃/ |
poitriniez /pwa.tʁi.nje/ |
poitrinent /pwa.tʁin/ |
| imperfect2 | poitrinasse /pwa.tʁi.nas/ |
poitrinasses /pwa.tʁi.nas/ |
poitrinât /pwa.tʁi.na/ |
poitrinassions /pwa.tʁi.na.sjɔ̃/ |
poitrinassiez /pwa.tʁi.na.sje/ |
poitrinassent /pwa.tʁi.nas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | poitrine /pwa.tʁin/ |
— | poitrinons /pwa.tʁi.nɔ̃/ |
poitrinez /pwa.tʁi.ne/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
References
[edit]- “poitriner”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.