mu-

• IPA^(key): /mu/ [mʊ]

mu- (perfect ming-, mi-, ni-)

1. Alternative form of mo-

• m-

mu-

1. you plural (used for conjugating verbs to the subjective or nominative case of the personal pronoun)

• u-

mu-

1. second person singular nominative proclitic

• um-, m-

From Old Tupi mo-, from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *mo-, from Proto-Tupian *mo-.

mu-

1. forms causative verbs from verbs

• Marcel Twardowsky Avila (2021) “mu-”, in Proposta de dicionário nheengatu-português (in Portuguese), São Paulo: USP, →DOI, page 491

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

mu-

1. him, her, it; class 1 object concord.

The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.

From Proto-Bantu *jʊ̀-mʊ̀-.

mu-

1. Class 1 noun prefix.

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

mu-

1. him, her, it; class 1 object concord.
2. him, her, it; class 3 object concord.

From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-mʊ̀-.

mu-

1. Class 3 noun prefix.

mu-

1. you, second-person plural subject concord.
2. Augmentless form of umu- (“class 1 or 3 noun prefix”)
3. class 1 or 3 concord prefix for adjectives

• mw- (before a vowel)

From Proto-Bantu *jʊ̀-mʊ̀-.

mu-

1. Class 1 noun prefix.

From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-mʊ̀-.

mu-

1. Class 3 noun prefix.

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

mu-

1. him, her, it; class 1 object concord.

The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.

• mo-

mu-

1. heat, fire, emotion
2. relating to a short object in the air

This prefix is used with verbs only.

• m- (before consonants)
• mw- (before vowels)

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

mu- (plural wa-)

1. m class_(I) noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix used before /u/ and /w/

   ‎mu- + ‎-ua (“to kill”) + ‎-ji (nominalizing suffix) → ‎muuaji (“killer”)

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

mu- (plural mi-)

1. m class_(III) noun prefix and adjective agreement prefix used before /u/, /w/, and occasionally /h/

   muhindi ― maize plant

   ‎mu- + ‎-ungana (“to join together”) + ‎-o (nominalizing suffix) → ‎muungano (“union”)

• Appendix:Swahili noun classes

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

mu-

1. you, 2nd person plural subject concord used before /u/ and /w/

   Antonym: hamu-

2. verb-initial form of -mu- (“her, him; 3rd person singular (m class_(I)) object concord used before /u/ and /w/”)

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ́-.

mu-

1. therein, mu class_(XVIII) subject concord used before /u/ and /w/

   Antonym: hamu-

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

mu-

1. him, her, it; class 1 object concord.

The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.

• (before vowels) mw-

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

• IPA^(key): /mu-/

mu-

1. you, you all; 2nd person plural subject concord

   ‎mu- + ‎-kora (“to do”) → ‎mukora (“you all do”)

• Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary‎^[1], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 413

From Proto-Bantu *jʊ̀-mʊ̀-.

mu-

1. Class 1 noun prefix.

From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-mʊ̀-.

• m-
• n-

mu-

1. Class 3 noun prefix.

From Proto-Bantu *jʊ̀-mʊ̀-.

mu-

1. Class 1 noun prefix.

From Proto-Bantu *gʊ́-mʊ̀-.

mu-

1. Class 3 noun prefix.

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

mu-

1. Class 1 simple noun prefix.

The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

mú-

1. him, her, it; class 1 object concord.

The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.

From Proto-Bantu *mʊ̀-.

mu-

1. Class 3 simple noun prefix.

The variant form m- is used before stems of more than one syllable.

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “mu-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “mu-”