kapusta

From Polish kapusta, Russian капу́ста (kapústa), Slovak kapusta, Ukrainian капу́ста (kapústa).

kapusta (uncountable)

1. A dish of braised or stewed sauerkraut or cabbage, with bacon, mushroom and onion or garlic.
   • 1979, Paul Wrobel, Our Way: Family, Parish, and Neighborhood in a Polish-American Community, Notre Dame, Ind., London: University of Notre Dame Press, →ISBN, page 107:

     Fresh kiełbasa is made, center cut pork chops are trimmed just right, and the kapusta (sauerkraut) is prepared for cooking.

   • 2000, Jim Vozar, “Making Kapusta and Having Fun”, in Wisconsin Slovak‎^[1], Wisconsin Slovak Historical Society:

     Then the kapusta was packed into jars super tight and topped with a little kraut juice.

   • 2016, Kenna White, Virgin Territory‎^[2], Tallahassee, Fla.: Bella Books, →ISBN:

     And there would be the typical mother/daughter bickering over how much salt to add to the kapusta, a traditional cooked cabbage dish.

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:kapusta.
2. Cabbage soup.
   • 1931, Albert Muldavin, The Red Fog Lifts, New York, N.Y., London: D. Appleton and Company, page 264:

     So you are the gentleman from America who has come to try out our kapusta (cabbage soup) and Communism. I am sure you will go back praising our kapusta.

   • 1952, Alf Evers, The Colonel’s Squad, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company, page 18:

     The cabbage soup, the kapusta, it will be ready soon.

   • 1994 February 9, Beverly Bundy, “Riscky’s is back in the Saddle and almost as good”, in Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 88th year, number 290, Forth Worth, Tex., section D, page 1:

     Another interesting offering is kapusta ($1.50 cup, $2.50 bowl), a sauerkraut soup native to Poland.

   • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:kapusta.

• Braised sauerkraut on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• Cabbage soup on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

• IPA^(key): [ˈkapusta]

kapusta f

1. the Gemmifera group of cabbages

   Synonym: brukev

• “kapusta”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “kapusta”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Borrowed from dialectal Russian копы́стка (kopýstka) (compare Polish kopyść, kopystka).

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑpustɑ/, [ˈkɑ̝pus̠tɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ɑpustɑ
• Hyphenation^(key): ka‧pus‧ta

kapusta

1. wooden spoon (spoon made from wood, commonly used in food preparation)

   Synonyms: puukauha, puulusikka

• → Karelian:
  • North Karelian: kapusta
  • South Karelian: kapusta

• “kapusta”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[3] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02

• pakastu, paksuta, pusakat

Borrowed from Russian капуста (kapusta).

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑpustɑ/, [ˈkɑpus̠t]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑpustɑ/, [ˈkɑb̥uʃtɑ]
• Rhymes: -ɑpust, -ɑpustɑ
• Hyphenation: ka‧pus‧ta

kapusta

1. cabbage (any of various cultivars)
   • 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 39:

     Kapussan, lantut, porkkanat.

     Cabbage, turnips, carrots.

Declension of kapusta (type 3/kana, st-ss gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	kapusta	kapussat
genitive	kapussan	kapustoin
partitive	kapustaa	kapustoja
illative	kapustaa	kapustoihe
inessive	kapussaas	kapussois
elative	kapussast	kapussoist
allative	kapussalle	kapussoille
adessive	kapussaal	kapussoil
ablative	kapussalt	kapussoilt
translative	kapussaks	kapussoiks
essive	kapustanna, kapustaan	kapustoinna, kapustoin
exessive1)	kapustant	kapustoint
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.

• (dialectal) kaali

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 119

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑpustɑ/
• Hyphenation: ka‧pus‧ta

Regional variants of kapusta

North Karelian (Viena)	kapusta
South Karelian (Tver)	kapusta

Borrowed from Russian капуста (kapusta).

kapusta (genitive kapustan, partitive kapustua)

1. (South Karelian or dialectal) cabbage

Viena Karelian declension of kapusta (type 4/kala, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	kapusta	kapustat
genitive	kapustan	kapustojen
partitive	kapustua	kapustoja
illative	kapustah	kapustoih
inessive	kapustašša	kapustoissa
elative	kapustašta	kapustoista
adessive	kapustalla	kapustoilla
ablative	kapustalta	kapustoilta
translative	kapustakši	kapustoiksi
essive	kapustana	kapustoina
comitative	—	kapustoineh
abessive	kapustatta	kapustoitta

Tver Karelian declension of kapusta (type 4/kala no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	kapusta	kapustat
genitive	kapustan	kapustoin
partitive	kapustua	kapustoida
illative	kapustah	kapustoih
inessive	kapustašša	kapustoissa
elative	kapustašta	kapustoista
adessive	kapustalla	kapustoilla
ablative	kapustalda	kapustoilda
translative	kapustakši	kapustoiksi
essive	kapustana	kapustoina
comitative	kapustanke	kapustoinke
abessive	kapustatta	kapustoitta

Possessive forms of kapusta
1st person	kapustani
2nd person	kapustaš
3rd person	kapustah
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses.

• (North Karelian) kuali, (South Karelian, dialectal) kuali

Regional variants of kapusta

North Karelian (Viena)	kapusta
South Karelian (Tver)	kapusta

Borrowed from Finnish kapusta.

kapusta (genitive kapustan, partitive kapustua)

1. ladle (deep-bowled spoon)

Viena Karelian declension of kapusta (type 4/kala, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	kapusta	kapustat
genitive	kapustan	kapustojen
partitive	kapustua	kapustoja
illative	kapustah	kapustoih
inessive	kapustašša	kapustoissa
elative	kapustašta	kapustoista
adessive	kapustalla	kapustoilla
ablative	kapustalta	kapustoilta
translative	kapustakši	kapustoiksi
essive	kapustana	kapustoina
comitative	—	kapustoineh
abessive	kapustatta	kapustoitta

Tver Karelian declension of kapusta (type 4/kala no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	kapusta	kapustat
genitive	kapustan	kapustoin
partitive	kapustua	kapustoida
illative	kapustah	kapustoih
inessive	kapustašša	kapustoissa
elative	kapustašta	kapustoista
adessive	kapustalla	kapustoilla
ablative	kapustalda	kapustoilda
translative	kapustakši	kapustoiksi
essive	kapustana	kapustoina
comitative	kapustanke	kapustoinke
abessive	kapustatta	kapustoitta

Possessive forms of kapusta
1st person	kapustani
2nd person	kapustaš
3rd person	kapustah
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses.

• (North Karelian) kauha, (South Karelian) pavarča

• A. V. Punzhina (1994) “kapusta”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
• Pertti Virtaranta, Raija Koponen (2009) “kapusta”, in Marja Torikka, editor, Karjalan kielen sanakirja‎^[4], Helsinki: Kotus, →ISSN
• P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015) “поварёшка”, in Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary], →ISBN

An old Romance borrowing, probably formed from a contamination of Medieval Latin composita and caputium. Compare Belarusian капу́ста (kapústa), Kashubian kapùsta, Russian капу́ста (kapústa), Silesian kapusta, Slovak kapusta, Ukrainian капу́ста (kapústa), Serbo-Croatian kupus.

• IPA^(key): /kaˈpus.ta/

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -usta
• Syllabification: ka‧pus‧ta
• Homophone: Kapusta

kapusta f (diminutive kapustka, augmentative kapucha or kapuścisko, related adjective kapuściany or kapustny)

1. cabbage (plant)
2. cabbage (leaves of this plant eaten as a vegetable)
3. (slang) cabbage (cash, money)

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:pieniądze

• → English: kapusta
• → Yiddish: קאַפּוסטע (kapuste)

kapusta m pers or f

1. (colloquial, derogatory) cabbage (person with severely reduced mental capacities due to brain damage)
2. (slang) informant, snitch (one who relays confidential information)

• kapusta in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• kapusta in Polish dictionaries at PWN

• IPA^(key): /ˈkapusta/

kapusta f (genitive singular kapusty, nominative plural kapusty, genitive plural kapúst, declension pattern of žena)

1. cabbage

• kapustička
• kapustnica
• kapustný
• kapustový
• kyslá kapusta

• → English: kapusta

• “kapusta”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2024