brim

• (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA^(key): /bɹɪm/

• Audio (General American):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪm

The noun is derived from Middle English brem, brim, brimme (“bank, edge, or margin of a lake or river; shore of a sea; brink; rim”);^[1] further etymology uncertain, probably related to Middle High German brem, breme (“border, edge, brim”) and Old Norse barmr (“rim”),^[2] ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰren- (“to project”).

The verb is derived from the noun.^[3]

brim (plural brims)

1. Originally, a border or edge of a sea, a river, or other body of water; now, any border or edge.
   • 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IIII, Canto III”, in The Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, stanza 34, page 46:

     Yet ſtill that direful ſtroke kept on his vvay, / And falling heauie on Cambellos creſt, / Strooke him ſo hugely, that in ſvvovvne he lay, / And in his head an hideous vvound impreſt: / And ſure had it not happily found reſt / Vpon the brim of his brode plated ſhield, / It vvould haue cleft his braine dovvne to his breſt.

   • 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book V, Canto IX”, in The Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, stanza 35, page 306:

     As the bright ſunne, vvhat time his fierie teme / Tovvards the vveſterne brim begins to dravv, / Gins to abate the brightneſſe of his beme, / And feruour of his flames ſomevvhat adavv: […]

     This could mean “edge” in the sense of the horizon, or be a use of Old English brim (“ocean, sea”).

   • 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book VI, Canto III”, in The Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, stanza 34, page 393:

     And all the vvhile, that ſame diſcourteous Knight, / Stood on the further bancke beholding him, / At vvhoſe calamity, for more deſpight / He laught, and mockt to ſee him like to ſvvim. / But vvhen as Calepine came to the brim [of the river], / And ſavv his carriage paſt that perill vvell, / His heart vvith vengeaunce invvardly did ſvvell, / And forth at laſt did breake in ſpeaches ſharpe and fell.

   • 1597, John Gerarde [i.e., John Gerard], “Of Colewoorts”, in The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes. […], London: […] Edm[und] Bollifant, for Bonham and Iohn Norton, →OCLC, book II, page 249:

     The ſea Colevvoort grovveth naturally vpon the bayche [beach?] and brimmes of the ſea, vvhere there is no earth to be ſeene, but ſande and rovvling pebble ſtones, vvhich thoſe that dvvell neere the ſea do call Bayche.

   • 1597, John Gerarde [i.e., John Gerard], “Of the Bombaste, or Cotton Plant”, in The Herball or Generall Historie of Plantes. […], London: […] Edm[und] Bollifant, for Bonham and Iohn Norton, →OCLC, book II, page 753, column 2:

     [T]he flovvers, ſtanding vpon ſlender footeſtalkes; the brimmes or edges vvhereof are of a yellovv colour, the middle part purple: […]

   • 1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book XXV.] Of Pimpernell, named Anagallis and Corchoros. […].”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 2nd tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 236:

     There is another hearbe of the ſame name, and like in effect, but different in forme from it, […] If the haire of the eye-lids be once pulled forth, and then the edges or brims be annointed therevvith, it vvill keepe them for ever comming up againe.

   • c. 1608 (first performance), Iohn [i.e., John] Fletcher, The Faithfull Shepheardesse, London: […] [Edward Allde] for R[ichard] Bonian and H[enry] Walley, […], published [1609], →OCLC, Act III, signature [F4], verso:

     I vvill giue thee for thy food, / No fiſh that vſeth in the mudd, / But Trout and Pike that loue to ſvvim, / VVhere the Grauell from the brim [of a river], / Th[r]ough the pure ſtreames may be ſeene, […]

   • c. 1608 (first performance), Iohn [i.e., John] Fletcher, The Faithfull Shepheardesse, London: […] [Edward Allde] for R[ichard] Bonian and H[enry] Walley, […], published [1609], →OCLC, Act IV, signature [G4], verso:

     [T]hou ſhalt finde him vnder neath a brim, / Of ſayling Pynes that edge yon Mountaine in.

   • 1697, William Dampier, chapter XV, in A New Voyage Round the World. […], London: […] James Knapton, […], →OCLC, page 411:

     The floor vvas paved vvith broad Bricks, and in the middle of the floor ſtood an old ruſty Iron Bell on its Brims. This Bell vvas about tvvo feet high, ſtanding flat on the ground; the brims on vvhich it ſtood vvere about 16 inches diameter. From the brims it did taper avvay a little tovvards the head, much like our Bells; but that the brims did not turn out ſo much as ours do.

     Used to refer to the sound bow of a bell.

   • 1798 (date written), William Wordsworth, “Part First”, in Peter Bell, a Tale in Verse, London: […] Strahan and Spottiswoode, […]; for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […], published 1819, →OCLC, page 19:

     A primrose by a river's brim / A yellow primrose was to him, / And it was nothing more.

   • 1830 June, Alfred Tennyson, “Recollections of the Arabian Nights”, in Poems. […], volume I, London: Edward Moxon, […], published 1842, →OCLC, stanza II, page 23:

     By garden porches on the brim, / The costly doors flung open wide, / Gold glittering thro' lamplight dim, / And broider'd sophas on each side: […]

   2. The topmost lip or rim of a container, or a natural feature shaped like a container.

      The toy box was filled to the brim with stuffed animals.

      • 1546, John Heywood, chapter V, in Julian Sharman, editor, The Proverbs of John Heywood. […], London: George Bell and Sons, […], published 1874, →OCLC, part II, page 115:

        Better spare at brim than at bottom, say I.

        Spelled brym in the 1st edition.

      • 1596, Edmund Spenser, “Book IIII, Canto III”, in The Faerie Queene. […], part II (books IV–VI), London: […] [Richard Field] for William Ponsonby, →OCLC, stanza 42, page 49:

        And in her other hand a cup ſhe hild, / The vvhich vvas vvith Nepenthe to the brim vpfild.

      • c. 1604–1605 (date written), William Shakespeare, “All’s Well, that Ends Well”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv], page 240, column 1:

        To make the comming houre oreflovv vvith ioy, / And pleaſure drovvne the brim.

      • c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene xiii], page 356, column 2:

        To the Boy Cæſar ſend this grizled head, and he vvill fill thy vviſhes to the brimme, / VVith Principalities.

        A figurative use.

      • c. 1607–1608 (date written), William Shakespeare, [George Wilkins?], The Late, and Much Admired Play, Called Pericles, Prince of Tyre. […], London: […] [William White and Thomas Creede] for Henry Gosson, […], published 1609, →OCLC, signature D, verso:

        Heere, vvith a Cup that's ſtur'd vnto the brim, / As do you loue, fill to your Miſtris lippes, / VVee drinke this health to you.

      • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Chronicles 4:2, column 1:

        [H]e made a molten Sea of ten cubites, from brim to brim, round in compaſſe, and fiue cubites the height thereof, and a line of thirtie cubites did compaſſe it round about.

      • 1782, [Hannah More], “Belshazzar: A Sacred Drama”, in Sacred Dramas: […], London: […] T[homas] Cadell […], →OCLC, part II, page 159:

        Fill me that maſſy goblet to the brim.

      • 1813, S[amuel] T[aylor] Coleridge, Remorse. A Tragedy, […], London: […] W. Pople, […], →OCLC, Act V, scene i, page 66:

        Saw I that insect on this goblet brim / I would remove it.

      • 1814, Dante Alighieri, “Canto VI”, in H[enry] F[rancis] Cary, transl., The Vision; or, Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise, of Dante Alighieri. […], volume I (Hell), London: […] [J. Barfield] for Taylor and Hessey, […], →OCLC, page 24, lines 49–51:

        Thy city heap'd with envy to the brim, / Any that the measure overflows its bounds, / Held me in brighter days.

        A figurative use.

      • 1832 December (indicated as 1833), Alfred Tennyson, “The Death of the Old Year”, in Poems, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, stanza III, page 155:

        He frothed his bumpers to the brim; / A jollier year we shall not see.

      • 1871, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, translated by Bayard Taylor, Faust: A Tragedy […] , Boston, Mass.: James R[ipley] Osgood and Company, late Ticknor & Fields, and Fields, Osgood, & Co., →OCLC, scene vi (Witches’ Kitchen), page 155:

        But hither bring us thy potation, / And quickly fill the beaker to the brim!

   3. A projecting rim, especially of a hat.

      He turned the back of his brim up stylishly.

      • 1593, [William Shakespeare], Venus and Adonis, London: […] Richard Field, […], →OCLC, [verse 182], signature Giij, verso, lines [1087–1088]:

        And therefore vvould he put his bonnet on, / Vnder vvhoſe brim the gaudie ſunne vvould peepe, […]

      • 1665, Robert Boyle, “Occasional Reflections. Discourse XIX. Upon Ones Drinking Water out of the Brims of His Hat.”, in Occasional Reflections upon Several Subiects. Whereto is Premis’d a Discourse about Such Kind of Thoughts, London: […] W. Wilson for Henry Herringman, […], →OCLC, section IV (Which Treats of Angling Improv’d to Spiritual Uses), pages 122–123:

        […] Kneeling upon the Ground, he took up vvith his Hat, vvhich by Cocking the Brims he turn'd into a kind of Cup, ſuch a proportion of VVater that he quench'd his Thirſt vvith it; […]

      • 1831, Thomas Carlyle, “The Dandiacal Body”, in Sartor Resartus: The Life and Opinions of Herr Teufelsdröckh. […], London: Chapman and Hall, […], →OCLC, 3rd book, page 195:

        In head-dress they affect a certain freedom: hats with partial brim, without crown, or with only a loose, hinged, or valved crown; in the former case, they sometimes invert the hat and wear it brim uppermost, like a University-cap, with what view is unknown.

   4. (archaic or poetic) The upper edge or surface of water.
      • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Joshua 3:15–16, column 1:

        And as they that bare the Arke were come vnto Jordan, and the feet of the prieſt that bare the Arke, were dipped in the brimme of the water, (for Jordan ouerfloweth all his banks at the time of harueſt) That the waters which came downe from aboue, ſtood and roſe vp vpon an heape very farre, […]

      • 1808 February 22, Walter Scott, “Canto Sixth. The Battle.”, in Marmion; a Tale of Flodden Field, Edinburgh: […] J[ames] Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Company, […]; London: William Miller, and John Murray, →OCLC, stanza XV, page 338:

        The steed along the drawbridge flies, / Just as it trembled on the rise; / Not lighter does the swallow skim / Along the smooth lake's level brim.

   5. (obsolete)
      1. The surface of the ground.
         • 1574, Iohn Iones, “The Second Booke of Bathes Ayde”, in A Briefe, Excellent, and Profitable Discourse, of the Naturall Beginning of All Growing and Liuing Things, Heate, Generation, Effects of the Spirits, Gouernment, Vse and Abuse of Phisicke, Preseruation, &c. […], London: […] William Iones, […], →OCLC, folio 11, verso:

           [T]he place, of that fyre vnder the earthe, […] is not nye the centre of the earth, bicauſe then, it would eaſily bée corrupted, for the earth, is ther moſt pure and therfore, the vertue doth more floriſh, ſo that it is moſt colde, neither is the place of the fyre, vnder the brimme of the Earth, for if it were ther conteyned, it would burne vp the plants, and whatſoeuer is in the face of the ſame, and therfore be concludeth, that it is in the middle hollowneſſes, betwene theſe two extremes, that is, béetwene the centre, ⁊ the face of the earthe, […]

      2. (figurative) A brink or edge.
         • 1549 August 26 (Gregorian calendar), Erasmus, “The Paraphrase of Erasmus vpon the Epistle of the Apostle Sainct Paule to the Romaines. A Prologe vpon the Epistle of Sainct Paule to the Romaynes.”, in Myles Coverdall [i.e., Myles Coverdale], transl., The Seconde Tome or Volume of the Paraphrase of Erasmus vpon the Newe Testament: […], London: […] Edwarde Whitchurche, →OCLC, signature [✠✠.v.], recto:

           For except thou haue borne the croſſe of aduerſitie and temptacion, and haſte felte thy ſelfe brought vnto the very brymme of desperacion, yea ⁊ vnto hells gates, thou canſt neuer medle with the ſentence of predeſtinacion without thine owne harme, and without ſecret wrathe and grudging inwardly agaynſt God, for otherwiſe it ſhal not be poſſible for the [thee] to thinke that God is righteous and iuſte.

         • 1641 June or July, [John Milton], Of Prelatical Episcopacy, and Whither It may be Deduc’d from the Apostolical Times by Vertue of Those Testimonies which are Alledg’d to that Purpose in Some Late Treatises: […], London: […] R[ichard] O[ulton] & G[regory] D[exter] for Thomas Underhill, […], →OCLC, page 10:

           [T]his cited place lyes upon the very brimme of a noted corruption, vvhich they had, that quote this paſſage, ventur'd to let us read, all men vvould have readily ſeen vvhat grain the teſtimony had bin of, […]

         • 1649, Jer[emy] Taylor, “Discourse 8. Of Repentance.”, in The Great Exemplar of Sanctity and Holy Life According to the Christian Institution. […], London: […] R. N. for Francis Ash, […], →OCLC, 2nd part, paragraph 27, page 75:

           [H]e that lived long in a violent and habituall courſe of ſinne is at the margin and brim of that ſtate of finall reprobation, and ſome men are in it before they be avvare, and to ſome GOD reckons their dayes ſvvifter, and their periods ſhorter.

brim (third-person singular simple present brims, present participle brimming, simple past and past participle brimmed)

1. (transitive)
   1. To fill (a container) to the brim (noun sense 1.1), top, or upper edge.
      • 1850, [Alfred, Lord Tennyson], In Memoriam, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, (please specify |part=Prologue or Rpilogue, or |canto=I to CXXIX):

        Arrange the board and brim the glass.

      • 1922, E[ric] R[ücker] Eddison, The Worm Ouroboros‎^[1], London: Jonathan Cape, page 31:

        Thereafter when their cups were brimmed anew with foaming wine the Red Foliot spake among them and said, “O ye lords of Witchland, will you that I speak a dirge in honour of Gorice the King that the dark reaper hath this day gathered?”

   2. (figurative) To fill (something) fully.
2. (intransitive, also figurative) To be full until almost overflowing.

   Synonym: teem

   The room brimmed with people.

   • 1842, Alfred Tennyson, “The Day-Dream. The Sleeping Palace.”, in Poems. […], volume II, London: Edward Moxon, […], →OCLC, page 151:

     The beams that thro' the Oriel shine / Make prisms in every carven glass, / And beaker brimm'd with noble wine.

   • 2006 New York Times

     It was a hint of life in a place that still brims with memories of death, a reminder that even five years later, the attacks are not so very distant.

   • 2011 July 3, Piers Newbury, “Wimbledon 2011: Novak Djokovic beats Rafael Nadal in final”, in BBC Sport‎^[2]:

     Djokovic, brimming with energy and confidence, needed little encouragement and came haring in to chase down a drop shot in the next game, angling away the backhand to break before turning to his supporters to celebrate.

• brimmed (adjective)
• brimmer
• brimming (adjective, noun)
• brim over

brim (plural brims)

1. (obsolete) (The addition of quotations indicative of this usage is being sought:) The sea; ocean; water; flood.

• brimsand

A variant of bream.^[4]

brim (plural brim or brims)

1. (Australia, US) Synonym of bream (“a freshwater fish from one of a number of genera”); specifically (US), the redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auritus).
   • 2015, Susan D. Brandenburg, “Mercy”, in Surviving Strong (A Saxon Saga), Jacksonville, Fla.: Susan the Scribe, Inc., →ISBN, page 26:

     Sometimes her daddy would take her fishing for catfish or brim (bream) out on the lake in his john boat.

The verb is derived from Middle English brimmen (“of pigs: to be in heat or rut; to breed; to bear fruit”),^[5] either:^[6]

• modified from brem, breme (“of animals: ferocious, savage; of fire, the sea, a storm, etc.: raging, severe, tempestuous; glorious, splendid; etc.”, adjective) (whence modern English breme (“(obsolete) fierce, stormy, tempestuous”)),^[7] from Old English brēme (“(poetic) glorious; famous, renowned”), from Proto-West Germanic *brōmi, from Proto-Germanic *brōmiz (“famous”); or
• directly from Old English bremman (“to rage; to roar”) (though not attested in Middle English), from Proto-Germanic *bramjaną, *bremaną (“to roar”);

both from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrem- (“to make noise”).

The noun is derived from Middle English brim,^[8] from the verb: see above.^[9]

brim (third-person singular simple present brims, present participle brimming, simple past and past participle brimmed) (archaic)

1. (transitive) Of a boar (“male pig”): to mate with (a sow (“female pig”)); to rut.
   • 1601, C[aius] Plinius Secundus [i.e., Pliny the Elder], “[Book X.] The Generation of Liuing Creatures upon the Land.”, in Philemon Holland, transl., The Historie of the World. Commonly Called, The Naturall Historie of C. Plinius Secundus. […], 1st tome, London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC, page 304:

     Svvine alone of all creatures vvhen they be brimming, froth and fome at the mouth. And as for the Bore, if he heare the grunting of a Sovv that ſeekes to be brimmed, unleſſe he may come to her, vvill forſake his meat, untill he be leane and poore: and ſhe againe vvill be ſo farre enraged, that ſhe vvill be readie to run upon a man and all to teare him, eſpecially if his cloths be vvhite.

   • 1725, Desiderius Erasmus, “Αγαμος Γαμος [Agamos Gamos], or the Vnequal Marriage”, in N[athan] Bailey, transl., All the Familiar Colloquies of Desiderius Erasmus, of Roterdam, Concerning Men, Manners, and Things, […], London: […] J. Darby, A. Bettesworth, F. Fayram, J. Pemberton, J. Hooke, C[harles] Rivington, F. Clay, J. Batley, and E. Symon, →OCLC, page 452:

     Nay, a Country Farmer vvon't ſuffer any Bull to leap a young Covv; nor every Horſe his Mare, nor every Boar to brim his Sovv; tho a Bullock is deſign'd for the Plough, a Horſe for the Cart, and a Svvine for the Kitchen. See novv hovv perverſe the Judgments of Mankind are.

2. (intransitive) Of a sow: to be in heat; to rut; also, to mate with a boar.

brim (plural brims)

1. (archaic) The period when a sow (“female pig”) is ready to mate; a heat, an oestrus, a rut; also, an act of a boar (“male pig”) and sow mating.
   • 1632, John Guillim, “Sect[ion] III. Chap[ter] XIIII.”, in A Display of Heraldrie: […], 2nd edition, London: […] Richard Badger for Ralph Mab, →OCLC, page 176:

     You ſhall ſay […] Boare […] goeth to his […] Brymme.

A variant of breme.

brim (comparative more brim, superlative most brim)

1. (obsolete except Northern England, Scotland or poetic) Synonym of breme (“of the sea, wind, etc.: fierce; raging; stormy, tempestuous”)

Clipping of brimstone (“sulphur; (figurative) a domineering, scolding woman”).^[10]

brim (plural brims)

1. (UK, slang, obsolete except dialectal) An irascible, violent woman.

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:shrew

   • 1767, Homer, “Homer’s Iliad. Book IV.”, in [Thomas Bridges], transl., A Burlesque Translation of Homer, London: […] S. Hooper, […], published 1772, →OCLC, page 134:

     Can mortal ſcoundrels thee perplex, / And the great brim of brimſtones vex?

   • 1798, [Henry Heartwell], “Song”, in Reform’d in Time. A Comic Opera, […], London: […] Messrs. Cadell and Davies, […], →OCLC, Act II, scene iv, stanza III, page 37:

     She rav'd, ſhe abus'd me, as ſplenetic mad; / She's a vixen, a brim; zounds! ſhe's all that is bad.

• hat brim on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• brim (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

• IBMR, IRBM

From English brim.

• IPA^(key): [ˈbrɪm]
• Hyphenation: brim

brim (uncountable)

1. brim: a projecting rim of a hat.

• “brim” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

• IPA^(key): /briːm/
• Rhymes: -iːm

brim m

1. verbal noun of baram

From Proto-Germanic *brimą (“turbulence, surge; surf, sea”), from Proto-Germanic *bremaną (“to roar”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰrem- (“to hum, make a noise”).

• IPA^(key): /brim/

brim n

1. (poetic) sea, ocean, water
2. (poetic) surf; the surface of the sea
3. (poetic) the edge of the sea or a body of water

Strong a-stem:

• brimċeald (“cold as the sea”)
• brimhenġest (“ship”)
• brimlīþend (“sailor”)
• brimmann (“sailor”)
• brimwudu (“ship”)

From Proto-Germanic *brimą.

brim n

1. (poetic) surf; the surface of the sea
2. (poetic) sea, ocean, water

• Icelandic: brim
• Faroese: brim

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “brim”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive