alus

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English

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Noun

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alus

  1. plural of alu

Anagrams

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Balinese

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Romanization

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alus

  1. Romanization of ᬳᬮᬸᬲ᭄

Estonian

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Etymology

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From ala- +‎ -us.

Noun

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alus (genitive aluse, partitive alust)

  1. base, bottom (something on which an object stands or is attached to)
    Samba alus on graniidist.The base of the statue is made of granite.
  2. foundation, base, fundamental (in an abstract sense)
    Programmeerimise alused.Fundamentals of programming.
  3. watercraft, vessel
  4. (grammar) subject
  5. (chemistry) base
    Tugevaid aluseid nimetatakse leelisteks.Strong bases are called alkali.

Declension

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Declension of alus (ÕS type 9/katus, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative alus alused
accusative nom.
gen. aluse
genitive aluste
partitive alust aluseid
illative alusesse alustesse
aluseisse
inessive aluses alustes
aluseis
elative alusest alustest
aluseist
allative alusele alustele
aluseile
adessive alusel alustel
aluseil
ablative aluselt alustelt
aluseilt
translative aluseks alusteks
aluseiks
terminative aluseni alusteni
essive alusena alustena
abessive aluseta alusteta
comitative alusega alustega

Derived terms

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Finnish

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *alus. Equivalent to ala- (under) +‎ -us.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈɑlus/, [ˈɑ̝lus̠]
  • Rhymes: -ɑlus
  • Syllabification(key): a‧lus

Noun

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alus

  1. (in compounds) underlay, base, under- (anything underlaid)
    Synonyms: alunen, alusta, (dialectal) alu-
    Antonyms: päällys, (dialectal) pääly-
    aluskerrosunderlayer
    alushousutunderpants
    aluspatjabed base (literally, “undermattress”)
  2. the space under(neath) something
  3. vessel, craft, ship (vehicle designed for navigation in or on water or air or through outer space)
    Synonym: laiva (ship)
  4. the time before a holiday, the period leading up to a holiday, etc.
  5. (grammar, dated) subject
    Synonyms: subjekti, tekijä

Declension

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Inflection of alus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)
nominative alus alukset
genitive aluksen alusten
aluksien
partitive alusta aluksia
illative alukseen aluksiin
singular plural
nominative alus alukset
accusative nom. alus alukset
gen. aluksen
genitive aluksen alusten
aluksien
partitive alusta aluksia
inessive aluksessa aluksissa
elative aluksesta aluksista
illative alukseen aluksiin
adessive aluksella aluksilla
ablative alukselta aluksilta
allative alukselle aluksille
essive aluksena aluksina
translative alukseksi aluksiksi
abessive aluksetta aluksitta
instructive aluksin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of alus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative alukseni alukseni
accusative nom. alukseni alukseni
gen. alukseni
genitive alukseni alusteni
aluksieni
partitive alustani aluksiani
inessive aluksessani aluksissani
elative aluksestani aluksistani
illative alukseeni aluksiini
adessive aluksellani aluksillani
ablative alukseltani aluksiltani
allative alukselleni aluksilleni
essive aluksenani aluksinani
translative aluksekseni aluksikseni
abessive aluksettani aluksittani
instructive
comitative aluksineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative aluksesi aluksesi
accusative nom. aluksesi aluksesi
gen. aluksesi
genitive aluksesi alustesi
aluksiesi
partitive alustasi aluksiasi
inessive aluksessasi aluksissasi
elative aluksestasi aluksistasi
illative alukseesi aluksiisi
adessive aluksellasi aluksillasi
ablative alukseltasi aluksiltasi
allative aluksellesi aluksillesi
essive aluksenasi aluksinasi
translative alukseksesi aluksiksesi
abessive aluksettasi aluksittasi
instructive
comitative aluksinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative aluksemme aluksemme
accusative nom. aluksemme aluksemme
gen. aluksemme
genitive aluksemme alustemme
aluksiemme
partitive alustamme aluksiamme
inessive aluksessamme aluksissamme
elative aluksestamme aluksistamme
illative alukseemme aluksiimme
adessive aluksellamme aluksillamme
ablative alukseltamme aluksiltamme
allative aluksellemme aluksillemme
essive aluksenamme aluksinamme
translative alukseksemme aluksiksemme
abessive aluksettamme aluksittamme
instructive
comitative aluksinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative aluksenne aluksenne
accusative nom. aluksenne aluksenne
gen. aluksenne
genitive aluksenne alustenne
aluksienne
partitive alustanne aluksianne
inessive aluksessanne aluksissanne
elative aluksestanne aluksistanne
illative alukseenne aluksiinne
adessive aluksellanne aluksillanne
ablative alukseltanne aluksiltanne
allative aluksellenne aluksillenne
essive aluksenanne aluksinanne
translative alukseksenne aluksiksenne
abessive aluksettanne aluksittanne
instructive
comitative aluksinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative aluksensa aluksensa
accusative nom. aluksensa aluksensa
gen. aluksensa
genitive aluksensa alustensa
aluksiensa
partitive alustaan
alustansa
aluksiaan
aluksiansa
inessive aluksessaan
aluksessansa
aluksissaan
aluksissansa
elative aluksestaan
aluksestansa
aluksistaan
aluksistansa
illative alukseensa aluksiinsa
adessive aluksellaan
aluksellansa
aluksillaan
aluksillansa
ablative alukseltaan
alukseltansa
aluksiltaan
aluksiltansa
allative alukselleen
aluksellensa
aluksilleen
aluksillensa
essive aluksenaan
aluksenansa
aluksinaan
aluksinansa
translative aluksekseen
alukseksensa
aluksikseen
aluksiksensa
abessive aluksettaan
aluksettansa
aluksittaan
aluksittansa
instructive
comitative aluksineen
aluksinensa

Derived terms

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compounds

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Ingrian

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Etymology 1

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From ala- (under-) +‎ -us. Akin to Finnish alus and Estonian alus.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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alus

  1. vessel, ship
    • 1937, N. A. Iljin, Lukukirja: Inkeroisia alkușkouluja vart (kolmas osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 6:
      Ennen meil oli paljo alusmeehiä. Ken oli rikas - katsot, i alus oli.
      Before, we had a lot of sailors. Whoever was rich - you take one look, and [he has] a ship.
  2. lining (of a garment)
  3. bedding (base on which one sleeps)
Declension
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Declension of alus (type 2/petos, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative alus alukset
genitive aluksen aluksiin
partitive alusta, alust aluksia
illative aluksee aluksii
inessive aluksees aluksiis
elative aluksest aluksist
allative alukselle aluksille
adessive alukseel aluksiil
ablative alukselt aluksilt
translative alukseks aluksiks
essive aluksenna, alukseen aluksinna, aluksiin
exessive1) aluksent aluksint
1) obsolete
*) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl)
**) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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alus

  1. inessive singular of alku

References

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  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 14
  • Arvo Laanest (1997) Isuri keele Hevaha murde sõnastik, Eesti Keele Instituut, page 20

Javanese

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Romanization

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alus

  1. Romanization of ꦲꦭꦸꦱ꧀

Latvian

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 alus on Latvian Wikipedia
Alus

Etymology

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From Proto-Baltic *álu, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elut- (bitter). A minority view considers the Latvian and Lithuanian terms to be ultimately borrowings from Germanic, via Old Prussian. Cognates include Lithuanian alùs, Old Prussian alu (honey drink), Old East Slavic олъ (olŭ, strong drink), Bulgarian олови́на (olovína, beer yeast), Slovene ôl (beer)|ol, Old English ealu, alu, English ale, Old Norse ǫl (beer; feast), Ancient Greek ἀλύδοιμος (alúdoimos, bitter).[1]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [alus]
  • Audio:(file)

Noun

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alus m (3rd declension)

  1. beer (alcoholic beverage usually made with barley malt and hops)
    gaišais aluslager (literally, “light beer”)
    tumšais alusdark beer
    mājas alushome beer
    amatnieku aluscraft beer
    medalushoney beer
    alus mucabeer barrel, keg
    alus kaussbeer mug
    alus darītavabrewery (literally, “beer making place”)
    alus rūpniecībabeer industry
    darīt, vārīt aluto make (literally, “to do”), to brew (literally, “to boil”) beer
    Jāņiem tika brūvēts alus, un nu staigāja no mutes uz muti liela, zaļa māla krūze, putām pārsegta, rūgteni smaržīga dzēriena pilna
    in midsummer beer was brewed, and then a big, green clay jug went from mouth to mouth, covered with foam and full of (that) bitter, aromatic drink

Declension

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Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “alus”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Lithuanian

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 alus on Lithuanian Wikipedia
Alus

Etymology

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From Proto-Balto-Slavic *álu, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂elut-.[1]

Cognate with Latvian alus (beer), Old Prussian alu (beer), and Proto-Slavic *ȍlъ (beer).[1][2][3]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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alùs m (plural ãlūs) stress pattern 4

  1. beer

Declension

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References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2015) “alus”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 53
  2. ^ alus”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė, 2007–2012
  3. ^ alùs” in Hock et al., Altlitauisches etymologisches Wörterbuch 2.0 (online, 2020–); p. 26 in ALEW 1.1 (online, 2019).

Further reading

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Old Javanese

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Etymology

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Affixed lus (smoothness, softness; finesse; gentleness, subtleness) +‎ a-.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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alus

  1. fine, soft
  2. refined, gentle
  3. subtle
  4. nonviolent

Descendants

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  • > Javanese: ꦲꦭꦸꦱ꧀ (alus) (inherited)

Further reading

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  • "alus" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Ternate

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Etymology

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From Malay halus or Javanese ꦲꦭꦸꦱ꧀ (alus).

Pronunciation

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Verb

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alus

  1. (stative) to be smooth
  2. (stative) to be polite
  3. (stative) to be refined (culturally)

Conjugation

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Conjugation of alus
Singular Plural
Inclusive Exclusive
1st toalus foalus mialus
2nd noalus nialus
3rd Masculine oalus ialus, yoalus
Feminine moalus
Neuter ialus
- archaic

References

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  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh