Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/orbota

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *orbiti +‎ *-ota. Similar to Proto-Germanic *arbaidiz (“labour; hardship”), but with a different suffix.

PIE word
*h₃órbʰos

Noun

*orbòta f

work

Inflection

Declension of *orbota (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*orbota	*orbotě	*orboty
genitive	*orboty	*orbotu	*orbotъ
dative	*orbotě	*orbotama	*orbotamъ
accusative	*orbotǫ	*orbotě	*orboty
instrumental	orbotojǫ, orbotǫ^**	*orbotama	*orbotami
locative	*orbotě	*orbotu	orbotasъ, orbotaxъ^*
vocative	*orboto	*orbotě	*orboty

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Related terms

*orbъ

Derived terms

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: робота (robota)
  - Belarusian: рабо́та (rabóta)
  - Russian: рабо́та (rabóta), робо́та (robóta) (dialectal)
  - Carpathian Rusyn: робота (robota)
  - Ukrainian: робо́та (robóta)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: работа (rabota)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⱃⰰⰱⱁⱅⰰ (rabota)
  - Russian: рабо́та (rabóta)
- Bulgarian: ра́бота (rábota)
- Macedonian: ра́бота (rábota)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ра̀бота
  
  Latin script: ràbota
  - Chakavian (Vrgada): rȁbota
- Slovene: rabọ̑ta (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: robota
  - Czech: robota
  - → Middle High German: robāt, robāte
    - German: Robot (“socage”)
    - ⇒ German: roboten
- Old Polish: robota
  - Polish: robota
  - Silesian: robota
- Old Slovak: robota
  - Pannonian Rusyn: робота (robota)
  - Slovak: robota
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: robòta
  - Slovincian: rôbôta
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: robota
  - Lower Sorbian: robota

References

Trubachyov, O., Zhuravlyov, A. F., editors (2005), “*orbota”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 32 (*obžьnъ – *orzbotati), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 119
Derksen, Rick (2008) “*orbòta”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 373
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “рабо́та”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress