Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gnaganą

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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Probably onomatopoeic; or from Proto-Indo-European *gʰnēgʰ- (“to gnaw, scratch”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰen- (“to gnaw, grate, scrate, whit”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈɣnɑ.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

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*gnaganą[1][2][3]

  1. to gnaw

Inflection

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Conjugation of *gnaganą (strong class 6)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *gnagō *gnagaų — *gnagai ?
2nd singular *gnagizi *gnagaiz *gnag *gnagazai *gnagaizau
3rd singular *gnagidi *gnagai *gnagadau *gnagadai *gnagaidau
1st dual *gnagōz *gnagaiw — — —
2nd dual *gnagadiz *gnagaidiz *gnagadiz — —
1st plural *gnagamaz *gnagaim — *gnagandai *gnagaindau
2nd plural *gnagid *gnagaid *gnagid *gnagandai *gnagaindau
3rd plural *gnagandi *gnagain *gnagandau *gnagandai *gnagaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *gnōg *gnōgį̄
2nd singular *gnōht *gnōgīz
3rd singular *gnōg *gnōgī
1st dual *gnōgū *gnōgīw
2nd dual *gnōgudiz *gnōgīdiz
1st plural *gnōgum *gnōgīm
2nd plural *gnōgud *gnōgīd
3rd plural *gnōgun *gnōgīn
present past
participles *gnagandz *gnaganaz

Descendants

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References

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  1. ^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*gnagan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 183
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*ʒnaʒanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 137
  3. ^ Seebold, Elmar (1970) “GNAG-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 233
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