-η
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From earlier -ᾱ (-ā), from Proto-Hellenic *-ā, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂. The earlier -ᾱ is retained in certain dialects, and in Attic after ε, ι or ρ, whence -εā, -ιā and -ρā (e.g., ἀγορά agorā).
Cognate with Latin feminine -a, from Old Latin and Proto-Italic *-ā both in names and adjectives, e.g., φυγή (phugḗ, "retreat, escape") < Proto-Hellenic *pʰugā́ < Proto-Indo-European *bʰugéh₂; at the same time, *bʰugéh₂ > Proto-Italic *fugā (preserved in Old Latin) > Classical Latin fuga.
Suffix
[edit]-η • (-ē) f (genitive -ης); first declension (Attic, Epic, Ionic, Koine)
- suffix of nouns in the first declension.
- Added to verbal stems ending in a consonant to form an action noun.
- Added to o-grade of the verbal stem
- Added to zero-grade of the verbal stem
- φεύγω (pheúgō, “to flee”) + -η (-ē) → φυγή (phugḗ, “flight”)
- τυγχάνω (τυχ-) (tunkhánō (tukh-), “to happen”) + -η (-ē) → τύχη (túkhē, “fortune”)
- Added to e-grade of the verbal stem
- Added to masculine or neuter nouns to give a feminine form.
Usage notes
[edit]In Attic, the suffix retains the form -ᾱ (-ā) after ε (e), ι (i) or ρ (r).
The o-grade and zero-grade derivations have the accent on the suffix.
Declension
[edit]Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | -η -ē |
-ᾱ -ā |
-αι -ai | ||||||||||
Genitive | -ης -ēs |
-αιν -ain |
-ῶν -ôn | ||||||||||
Dative | -ῃ -ēi |
-αιν -ain |
-αις -ais | ||||||||||
Accusative | -ην -ēn |
-ᾱ -ā |
-ᾱς -ās | ||||||||||
Vocative | -η -ē |
-ᾱ -ā |
-αι -ai | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | -ή -ḗ |
-ᾱ́ -ā́ |
-αί -aí | ||||||||||
Genitive | -ῆς -ês |
-αῖν -aîn |
-ῶν -ôn | ||||||||||
Dative | -ῇ -êi |
-αῖν -aîn |
-αῖς -aîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | -ήν -ḗn |
-ᾱ́ -ā́ |
-ᾱ́ς -ā́s | ||||||||||
Vocative | -ή -ḗ |
-ᾱ́ -ā́ |
-αί -aí | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Alternative forms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920) “Part III: Formation of Words”, in A Greek grammar for colleges, Cambridge: American Book Company, § 859.2
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek suffixes
- Ancient Greek unaccented terms
- Ancient Greek noun-forming suffixes
- Ancient Greek feminine nouns
- Ancient Greek first-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek feminine nouns in the first declension
- Ancient Greek feminine suffixes
- Attic Greek
- Epic Greek
- Ionic Greek
- Koine Greek