어떻다
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Korean
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- 어떠하다 (eotteohada)
Etymology
[edit]Contraction of 어떠하다 (eotteohada).
First attested in the Yongbi eocheon'ga (龍飛御天歌 / 용비어천가), 1447, as Middle Korean 엇〯더〮ᄒᆞ다〮 (Yale: ěsté-hòtá), from Middle Korean 엇〯더〮 (Yale: ěsté, “how, in what state”) + ᄒᆞ다〮 (Yale: hòtá, “to do”, light verb). Compare Jeju 어떵ᄒᆞ다 (eotteonghawda).
Beyond Koreanic, possibly connected to Proto-Japonic *e-ka (“how”) (whence Japanese 如何 (ika, “how”)) (Vovin 2020, 302).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ʌ̹t͈ʌ̹tʰa̠]
Audio: (file)
- Phonetic hangul: [어떠타]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | eotteota |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | eo'tteohda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | ŏttŏt'a |
| Yale Romanization? | e.ttehta |
Adjective
[edit]어떻다 • (eotteota) (irregular, infinitive 어때, sequential 어떠니)
Conjugation
[edit]| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 어떻다 eotteota |
어때 eottae |
어때요 eottaeyo |
어떻습니다 eotteoseumnida |
| Past | 어땠다 eottaetda |
어땠어 eottaesseo |
어땠어요 eottaesseoyo |
어땠습니다 eottaetseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 어떠냐 eotteonya |
어때 eottae |
어때요 eottaeyo |
어떻습니까 eotteoseumnikka |
| Past | 어땠냐 eottaennya |
어땠어 eottaesseo |
어땠어요 eottaesseoyo |
어땠습니까 eottaetseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 어떻겠다 eotteoketda |
어떻겠어 eotteokesseo |
어떻겠어요 eotteokesseoyo |
어떻겠습니다 eotteoketseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 어때 eottae |
어때서 eottaeseo |
어떠니 eotteoni |
어떠니까 eotteonikka | |
| Contrast | 어떻지만 eotteochiman |
어떤데 eotteonde |
어떻더니 eotteoteoni |
||
| Conjunction | 어떻고 eotteoko |
||||
| Condition | 어떠면 eotteomyeon |
어때야 eottaeya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 어떰 eotteom |
어떻기 eotteoki | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 어땠음 eottaesseum |
어땠기 eottaetgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 어떤 eotteon | |||
| Future | 어떨 eotteol | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 어떠시다 eotteosida |
어떠셔 eotteosyeo |
어떠세요, 어떠셔요 eotteoseyo, eotteosyeoyo |
어떠십니다 eotteosimnida |
| Past | 어떠셨다 eotteosyeotda |
어떠셨어 eotteosyeosseo |
어떠셨어요 eotteosyeosseoyo |
어떠셨습니다 eotteosyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 어떠시냐 eotteosinya |
어떠셔 eotteosyeo |
어떠세요, 어떠셔요 eotteoseyo, eotteosyeoyo |
어떠십니까 eotteosimnikka |
| Past | 어떠셨냐 eotteosyeonnya |
어떠셨어 eotteosyeosseo |
어떠셨어요 eotteosyeosseoyo |
어떠셨습니까 eotteosyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 어떠시겠다 eotteosigetda |
어떠시겠어 eotteosigesseo |
어떠시겠어요 eotteosigesseoyo |
어떠시겠습니다 eotteosigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 어떠셔 eotteosyeo |
어떠셔서 eotteosyeoseo |
어떠시니 eotteosini |
어떠시니까 eotteosinikka | |
| Contrast | 어떠시지만 eotteosijiman |
어떠신데 eotteosinde |
어떠시더니 eotteosideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 어떠시고 eotteosigo |
||||
| Condition | 어떠시면 eotteosimyeon |
어떠셔야 eotteosyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 어떠심 eotteosim |
어떠시기 eotteosigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 어떠셨음 eotteosyeosseum |
어떠셨기 eotteosyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 어떠신 eotteosin | |||
| Future | 어떠실 eotteosil | ||||
Derived terms
[edit]- 어떻게 (eotteoke) (adverbial form)