낮다
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Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit]First attested in the Gugeupbang eonhae (救急方諺解 / 구급방언해), 1466, as Middle Korean ᄂᆞᆽ다〮 (Yale: nòc-tá).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [na̠t̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [낟따]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | natda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | najda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | natta |
| Yale Romanization? | nacta |
Adjective
[edit]| Base | 낮다 (natda) |
|---|---|
| Causative | 낮추다 (natchuda) |
낮다 • (natda) (infinitive 낮아, sequential 낮으니)
Conjugation
[edit] Selected forms of the adjective 낮다 (natda): consonant-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 낮다 natda |
낮아 naja |
낮아요 najayo |
낮습니다 natseumnida |
| Past | 낮았다 najatda |
낮았어 najasseo |
낮았어요 najasseoyo |
낮았습니다 najatseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 낮으냐 najeunya |
낮아 naja |
낮아요 najayo |
낮습니까 natseumnikka |
| Past | 낮았냐 najannya |
낮았어 najasseo |
낮았어요 najasseoyo |
낮았습니까 najatseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 낮겠다 natgetda |
낮겠어 natgesseo |
낮겠어요 natgesseoyo |
낮겠습니다 natgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 낮아 naja |
낮아서 najaseo |
낮으니 najeuni |
낮으니까 najeunikka | |
| Contrast | 낮지만 natjiman |
낮은데 najeunde |
낮더니 natdeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 낮고 natgo |
||||
| Condition | 낮으면 najeumyeon |
낮아야 najaya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 낮음 najeum |
낮기 natgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 낮았음 najasseum |
낮았기 najatgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 낮은 najeun | |||
| Future | 낮을 najeul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 낮으시다 najeusida |
낮으셔 najeusyeo |
낮으세요, 낮으셔요 najeuseyo, najeusyeoyo |
낮으십니다 najeusimnida |
| Past | 낮으셨다 najeusyeotda |
낮으셨어 najeusyeosseo |
낮으셨어요 najeusyeosseoyo |
낮으셨습니다 najeusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 낮으시냐 najeusinya |
낮으셔 najeusyeo |
낮으세요, 낮으셔요 najeuseyo, najeusyeoyo |
낮으십니까 najeusimnikka |
| Past | 낮으셨냐 najeusyeonnya |
낮으셨어 najeusyeosseo |
낮으셨어요 najeusyeosseoyo |
낮으셨습니까 najeusyeotseumnikka | |
| Assertive | 낮으시겠다 najeusigetda |
낮으시겠어 najeusigesseo |
낮으시겠어요 najeusigesseoyo |
낮으시겠습니다 najeusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 낮으셔 najeusyeo |
낮으셔서 najeusyeoseo |
낮으시니 najeusini |
낮으시니까 najeusinikka | |
| Contrast | 낮으시지만 najeusijiman |
낮으신데 najeusinde |
낮으시더니 najeusideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 낮으시고 najeusigo |
||||
| Condition | 낮으시면 najeusimyeon |
낮으셔야 najeusyeoya |
|||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 낮으심 najeusim |
낮으시기 najeusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 낮으셨음 najeusyeosseum |
낮으셨기 najeusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Present | 낮으신 najeusin | |||
| Future | 낮으실 najeusil | ||||
Derived terms
[edit]- 난쟁이 (nanjaeng'i, “dwarf”)