輔

See also: 辅

輔	U+8F14, 輔 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8F14

← 輓
[U+8F13]

CJK Unified Ideographs

輕 →
[U+8F15]

Translingual

Han character

輔 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 十十戈十月 (JJIJB), four-corner 5302₇, composition ⿰車甫)

Derived characters

𭲽

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1244, character 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38342
Dae Jaweon: page 1720, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3533, character 3
Unihan data for U+8F14

Chinese

trad.		輔
simp.		辅

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (甫) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
豧	pʰoːs, pʰa, *pʰas
縛	baːɡs, baɡ
逋	*paː
餔	paː, baːs
晡	*paː
庯	*paː
陠	paː, pʰaː
鵏	paː, baːs
峬	*paː
誧	paː, pʰaː, pʰaːʔ, pʰaːs
秿	paː, pʰa, *baʔ
鯆	paː, pʰaː, *paʔ
補	*paːʔ
圃	paːʔ, paːs
鋪	pʰaː, pʰaːs, *pʰa
痡	pʰaː, pʰa
浦	*pʰaːʔ
烳	*pʰaːʔ
溥	pʰaːʔ, paːɡ
悑	*pʰaːs
酺	*baː
匍	*baː
蜅	baː, paʔ
脯	baː, paʔ
葡	*baː
蒱	*baː
蒲	*baː
簿	baːʔ, baːɡ
捕	*baːs
哺	*baːs
簠	pa, paʔ, *pʰas
甫	*paʔ
黼	*paʔ
莆	*paʔ
俌	paʔ, pʰaʔ
郙	paʔ, pʰa
傅	*paɡs
搏	paɡs, paːɡ, *pʰaːɡ
麱	*pʰa
尃	*pʰa
榑	*ba
輔	*baʔ
鬴	*baʔ
賻	*baɡs
博	*paːɡ
髆	*paːɡ
鎛	*paːɡ
猼	*paːɡ
餺	*paːɡ
簙	*paːɡ
鑮	paːɡ, baːɡ
欂	paːɡ, baɡ, *breːɡ
蒪	*pʰaːɡ
膊	*pʰaːɡ
薄	*baːɡ
礡	*baːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *baʔ): semantic 車 + phonetic 甫 (OC *paʔ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fǔ (fu³)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fu⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): phú

(Meixian, Guangdong): pu³ / fu³
Eastern Min (BUC): hū
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hú / hù

(Teochew, Peng'im): hu⁶
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶vu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: fǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fǔ
  - Wade–Giles: fu³
  - Yale: fǔ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuu
  - Palladius: фу (fu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: fu⁶
  - Yale: fuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fu⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: fu⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phú
  - Hakka Romanization System: pu^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pu³
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰu³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: pu³ / fu³
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰu³¹/, /fu³¹/

Note:

Meixian:
- pu3 - vernacular;
- fu3 - literary.

Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hū
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hú
  - Tâi-lô: hú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: huo
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hu⁴¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hu⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /hu⁵³/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hù
  - Tâi-lô: hù
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hux
  - IPA (Taipei): /hu¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hu²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hu⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hu³⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶vu
  - MiniDict: vu^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³vu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /vu²³/

Middle Chinese: bjuX

Rime
Character	輔
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	虞 (24)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	扶雨切
Baxter	bjuX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨo^X/
Pan Wuyun	/bio^X/
Shao Rongfen	/bio^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buə̆^X/
Li Rong	/bio^X/
Wang Li	/bĭu^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/bʱi̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fu⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[b](r)aʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*baʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	輔
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fǔ
Middle Chinese	‹ bju^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[b](r)aʔ/
English	help
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	輔
Reading #	1/1
No.	3470
Phonetic component	甫
Rime group	魚
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	父
Old Chinese	/*baʔ/

Definitions

輔

(obsolete) protective wooden bars that helped prevent a carriage from overturning
(literary) cheek
to assist
- 曾子曰：「君子以文會友，以友輔仁。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  曾子曰：「君子以文会友，以友辅仁。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Céngzǐ yuē: “Jūnzǐ yǐ wén huì yǒu, yǐ yǒu fǔ rén.” [Pinyin]
  The philosopher Zeng said, "The superior man on grounds of culture meets with his friends, and by friendship helps his virtue."
(historical) area near the capital

Compounds

References

“輔”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

輔

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

cheek, cheekbone
assist
Synonyms: 扶, 補, 傅

Readings

Go-on: ぶ (bu)^{←ぶ (bu, historical)}
Kan-on: ふ (fu)^{←ふ (fu, historical)}
Kan’yō-on: ほ (ho)
Kun: かまち (kamachi, 輔)、そえぎ (soegi, 輔)^{←そへぎ (sofegi, 輔, historical)}、すけ (suke, 輔)、たすけ (tasuke, 輔け)、たすける (tasukeru, 輔ける)
Nanori: すけ (suke)、たすく (tasuku)、たすけ (tasuke)、ゆう (yū)

Usage notes

In modern Japanese, 輔 is mostly replaced by 補, due to the deprecation of non-tōyō kanji caused by the Japanese script reform.

Japanese terms with 輔 replaced by daiyōji 補

補佐

補助

補導

Compounds

輔(ふ)佐(さ) (fusa)
輔(ほ)行(こう) (hokō)
輔(ほ)佐(さ) (hosa) (補(ほ)佐(さ))
輔(ほ)祭(さい) (hosai)
輔(ほ)賛(さん) (hosan)
輔(ほ)車(しゃ) (hosha)
輔(ほ)助(じょ) (hojo) (補(ほ)助(じょ))
輔(ほ)相(しょう) (hoshō)
輔(ほ)臣(しん) (hoshin)
輔(ほ)仁(じん) (hojin)
輔(ほ)成(せい) (hosei)
輔(ほ)導(どう) (hodō) (補(ほ)導(どう))
輔(ほ)弼(ひつ) (hohitsu) (補(ほ)弼(ひつ))
輔(ほ)払(ひつ) (hohitsu)
輔(ほ)翼(よく), 輔(ほ)翊(よく) (hoyoku) (補(ほ)翼(よく))
畿(き)輔(ほ) (kiho)
匡(きょう)輔(ほ) (kyōho)
夾(きょう)輔(ほ), 挟(きょう)輔(ほ) (kyōho)
頰(きょう)輔(ほ) (kyōho)
卿(けい)輔(ほ) (keiho)
賢(けん)輔(ぽ) (kenpo)
宰(さい)輔(ほ) (saiho)
三(さん)輔(ぽ) (sanpo)
師(し)輔(ほ) (shiho)
台(たい)輔(ほ) (taiho)
鼎(てい)輔(ほ) (teiho)
藩(はん)輔(ぽ) (hanpo)
右(ゆう)輔(ほ) (yūho)
靨(よう)輔(ほ) (yōho)
翼(よく)輔(ほ) (yokuho)
良(りょう)輔(ほ) (ryōho)

Korean

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [po̞]
Phonetic hangul: [보]

Hanja

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

輔

Wikisource

輔 (eum 보 (bo))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

輔: Hán Nôm readings: phụ

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.