穆

穆	U+7A46, 穆 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A46

Translingual

simp. and trad.		穆
alternative forms		繆／缪𥠇𥡆𢿉𢿬繆／缪𥠇𥡆𢿉𢿬𢾓

Historical forms of the character 穆
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *muɡ) : semantic 禾 (“grain”) + phonetic 㣎 () – standing grain.

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mù
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mù
  - Wade–Giles: mu⁴
  - Yale: mù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muh
  - Palladius: му (mu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: muk⁶
  - Yale: muhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: muk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: mug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mʊk̚²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mu̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: mug
  - Hagfa Pinyim: mug⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /muk̚⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: mŭk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /muʔ⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: borh⁷
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɒʔ⁴/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: borh⁷
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɒʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bo̍k
  - Tâi-lô: bo̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bok
  - IPA (Xiamen): /bɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /bɔk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔk̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: mog⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mo̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mok̚⁴/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸moq
  - MiniDict: moh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵moq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /moʔ¹²/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	穆
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mù
Middle Chinese	‹ mjuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*m(r)iwk/
English	harmonious
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

穆

莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “穆”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 161.

穆

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穆 • (mok) (hangeul 목, revised mok, McCune–Reischauer mok, Yale mok)

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穆: Hán Nôm readings: mục

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