擔

擔 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 手弓金口 (QNCR), four-corner 5706₁, composition ⿰扌詹)

• 担

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 459, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12828
• Dae Jaweon: page 807, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1971, character 3
• Unihan data for U+64D4

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *taːm, *taːms) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + phonetic 詹 (OC *tjam) – to carry by hand.

According to STEDT, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tam (“to carry on shoulder”), whence Burmese ထမ်း (htam:, “to carry on the shoulder”). Schuessler (2007), on the other hand, notes 擔 (OC *taːm) is an area word whose source is probably Austroasiatic; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *klam ~ *kləm (“to carry on shoulder”), whence Khmu klam (“to carry on shoulder”). An alternative form with initial *t which agrees with later Old Chinese is widespread; compare also Khmer ទាំ (tŏəm, “to tire of; to bear”), Khmer ទ្រាំ (trŏəm, “to bear; to endure”), Proto-Hmong-Mien *ntam (“to carry on shoulder”), whence Iu Mien daːm¹, and Proto-Tai *trwaːmᴬ (“to carry on the back”), whence Thai หาม (hǎam, “to carry”).

The softened initial in Northern Min points to OC pre-nasalization which is supported by Iu Mien daːm¹ (Schuessler, 2007), an early Chinese loan into Hmong-Mien (Baxter and Sagart, 2014).

擔 (OC *taːms) is 擔 (OC *taːm) with the passive s/h-suffix, literally "what is carried".

擔

1. to carry on a shoulder pole
2. to bear; to shoulder; to undertake
3. (Cantonese) to hold in one's mouth

   佢擔住枝煙行路。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   佢担住枝烟行路。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   keoi⁵ daam¹ zyu⁶ zi¹ jin¹ haang⁴ lou⁶. [Jyutping]

   He is walking with a cigarette in his mouth.

   條蟲俾隻雀仔擔走咗。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   条虫俾只雀仔担走咗。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   tiu⁴ cung⁴ bei² zek³ zoek³ zai² daam¹ zau² zo². [Jyutping]

   The worm was taken away by the bird with the beak.

• (to bear):

擔

1. carrying pole with loads on both ends
2. burden; load; responsibilities
3. picul, a traditional Chinese unit of weight equal to 100 catties
   1. (Mainland China) picul; equal to 50 kilograms
   2. (Hong Kong) picul; equal to 60.478982 kilograms
4. Classifier for things carried on a shoulder pole: load

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 担)

1. A traditional unit of measurement equivalent to 60kg or approximately 132.3lb
2. shouldering
3. carry
4. raise
5. bear

• Go-on: たん (tan)
• Kan-on: たん (tan)
• On: けつ (ketsu)、せん (sen)
• Kun: になう (ninau, 擔う)、かつぐ (katsugu, 擔ぐ)

擔 (eumhun 멜 담 (mel dam))

1. hanja form^? of 담 (“shouldering”)
2. hanja form^? of 담 (“carry”)
3. hanja form^? of 담 (“raise”)
4. hanja form^? of 담 (“bear”)

• 담당 (擔當, damdang, “responsibility, charge”)
• 담임 (擔任, damim, “homeroom teacher”)

擔: Hán Nôm readings: đâm, đảm, tạ

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