愚
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]愚 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 田月心 (WBP), four-corner 60332, composition ⿱禺心)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 395, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10946
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2321, character 7
- Unihan data for U+611A
Chinese
[edit]| trad. | 愚 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 愚 | |
Glyph origin
[edit]Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋo) : phonetic 禺 (OC *ŋo, *ŋos) + semantic 心 (“heart”) – stupid.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yu2
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): y1
- Northern Min (KCR): ngṳ̄
- Eastern Min (BUC): ngṳ̀ / kṳ̀
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6gniu
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): y2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄩˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yú
- Wade–Giles: yü2
- Yale: yú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yu
- Palladius: юй (juj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /y³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: yu2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: y
- Sinological IPA (key): /y²¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: jyu4
- Yale: yùh
- Cantonese Pinyin: jy4
- Guangdong Romanization: yu4
- Sinological IPA (key): /jyː²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ngui3
- Sinological IPA (key): /ᵑɡui²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngì
- Hakka Romanization System: ngiˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: ngi2
- Sinological IPA: /ŋi¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: y1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /y¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ngṳ̄
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋy⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ngṳ̀ / kṳ̀
- Sinological IPA (key): /ŋy⁵³/, /kʰy⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- ngṳ̀ - literary;
- kṳ̀ - vernacular.
- Southern Min
Note: ngu5 - Chaoyang.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: ngju
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ŋo/
Definitions
[edit]愚
- foolish; stupid
- to fool; to dupe
- (humble) I
- 愚以為宮中之事，事無大小，悉以咨之，然後施行…… [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 諸葛亮 (Zhūgě Liàng), 《出師表》, 227 CE
- yú yǐwèi gōngzhōng zhī shì, shìwúdàxiǎo, xī yǐ zī zhī, ránhòu shīxíng...... [Pinyin]
- I think they should be consulted on all court affairs, regardless of their sizes, before the court affairs are being put to execution.
愚以为宫中之事，事无大小，悉以咨之，然后施行…… [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Synonyms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Others:
Compounds
[edit]- 一得之愚 (yīdézhīyú)
- 下愚
- 上愚 (shàngyú)
- 下愚不移
- 使貪使愚／使贪使愚
- 凡愚
- 受愚
- 大愚不靈／大愚不灵
- 大智如愚 (dàzhìrúyú)
- 大智若愚 (dàzhìruòyú)
- 愚不可及 (yúbùkějí)
- 愚人 (yúrén)
- 愚人節／愚人节 (Yúrénjié)
- 愚兄
- 愚公 (Yúgōng)
- 愚公之居
- 愚公移山 (yúgōngyíshān)
- 愚公谷
- 愚劣
- 愚化
- 愚呆
- 愚夫
- 愚夫愚婦／愚夫愚妇
- 愚夯 (yúbèn)
- 愚妄 (yúwàng)
- 愚婦／愚妇
- 愚孝 (yúxiào)
- 愚弄 (yúnòng)
- 愚弟
- 愚忠 (yúzhōng)
- 愚意 (yúyì)
- 愚懦
- 愚懵
- 愚戇／愚戆
- 愚拙 (yúzhuō)
- 愚昧 (yúmèi)
- 愚昧無知／愚昧无知
- 愚民 (yúmín)
- 愚民政策 (yúmín zhèngcè)
- 愚氓 (yúméng)
- 愚氣／愚气
- 愚濫／愚滥
- 愚痴 (yúchī)
- 愚直 (yúzhí)
- 愚眉肉眼
- 愚笨 (yúbèn)
- 愚者 (yúzhě)
- 愚者一得
- 愚而好自用
- 愚臣 (yúchén)
- 愚蒙
- 愚蠢 (yúchǔn)
- 愚見／愚见 (yújiàn)
- 愚贛／愚赣
- 愚迷
- 愚鈍／愚钝 (yúdùn)
- 愚陋
- 愚頑／愚顽 (yúwán)
- 愚騃／愚𫘤
- 愚魯／愚鲁
- 憃愚
- 懦愚
- 振警愚頑／振警愚顽
- 疏慵愚鈍／疏慵愚钝
- 肉眼愚晦
- 肉眼愚眉
- 至愚極陋／至愚极陋
- 藏愚
- 賢愚不分／贤愚不分
- 贛愚／赣愚
- 鄉愚／乡愚
- 非愚則誣／非愚则诬
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]愚
Readings
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Compounds
- 愚か (oroka)
- 愚かしい (orokashii)
- 愚案 (guan)
- 愚闇, 愚暗 (guan)
- 愚意 (gui)
- 愚詠 (guei)
- 愚挙 (gukyo)
- 愚兄 (gukei)
- 愚計 (gukei)
- 愚見 (guken)
- 愚稿 (gukō)
- 愚考 (gukō)
- 愚行 (gukō)
- 愚妻 (gusai)
- 愚才 (gusai)
- 愚作 (gusaku)
- 愚策 (gusaku)
- 愚察 (gusatsu)
- 愚札 (gusatsu)
- 愚姉 (gushi)
- 愚者 (gusha)
- 愚女 (gujo)
- 愚書 (gusho)
- 愚将 (gushō)
- 愚状 (gujō)
- 愚人 (gujin)
- 愚心 (gushin)
- 愚臣 (gushin)
- 愚身 (gushin)
- 愚図 (guzu)
- 愚推 (gusui)
- 愚生 (gusei)
- 愚拙 (gusetsu)
- 愚説 (gusetsu)
- 愚僧 (gusō)
- 愚草 (gusō)
- 愚息 (gusoku)
- 愚存 (guzon)
- 愚痴る (guchiru)
- 愚痴 (guchi)
- 愚知, 愚智 (guchi)
- 愚忠 (guchū)
- 愚衷 (guchū)
- 愚直 (guchoku)
- 愚弟 (gutei)
- 愚答 (gutō)
- 愚禿 (gutoku)
- 愚鈍 (gudon)
- 愚人 (gunin)
- 愚輩 (guhai)
- 愚筆 (guhitsu)
- 愚夫 (gufu)
- 愚婦 (gufu)
- 愚父 (gufu)
- 愚物 (gubutsu)
- 愚母 (gubo)
- 愚妹 (gumai)
- 愚昧 (gumai)
- 愚民 (gumin)
- 愚民政策 (gumin seisaku)
- 愚命 (gumei)
- 愚迷 (gumei)
- 愚蒙 (gumō)
- 愚問 (gumon)
- 愚問愚答 (gumon gutō)
- 愚慮 (guryo)
- 愚劣 (guretsu)
- 愚連隊 (gurentai)
- 愚弄 (gurō)
- 愚老 (gurō)
- 愚陋 (gurō)
- 愚論 (guron)
- 暗愚 (angu)
- 迂愚 (ugu)
- 下愚 (kagu)
- 頑愚 (gangu)
- 狂愚 (kyōgu)
- 軽愚 (keigu)
- 賢愚 (kengu)
- 昏愚 (kongu)
- 至愚 (shigu)
- 衆愚 (shūgu)
- 蠢愚 (shungu)
- 大愚 (taigu)
- 痴愚 (chigu)
- 知愚, 智愚 (chigu)
- 万愚節 (bangusetsu)
- 凡愚 (bongu)
- 庸愚 (yōgu)
Etymology
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 愚 |
| ぐ Grade: S |
| on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 愚 (MC ngju).
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]愚 • (gu) -na (adnominal 愚な (gu na), adverbial 愚に (gu ni))
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of 愚
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 愚だろ | ぐだろ | gu daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 愚で | ぐで | gu de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 愚だ | ぐだ | gu da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 愚な | ぐな | gu na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 愚なら | ぐなら | gu nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 愚であれ | ぐであれ | gu de are |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 愚ではない 愚じゃない |
ぐではない ぐじゃない |
gu de wa nai gu ja nai |
| Informal past | 愚だった | ぐだった | gu datta |
| Informal negative past | 愚ではなかった 愚じゃなかった |
ぐではなかった ぐじゃなかった |
gu de wa nakatta gu ja nakatta |
| Formal | 愚です | ぐです | gu desu |
| Formal negative | 愚ではありません 愚じゃありません |
ぐではありません ぐじゃありません |
gu de wa arimasen gu ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 愚でした | ぐでした | gu deshita |
| Formal negative past | 愚ではありませんでした 愚じゃありませんでした |
ぐではありませんでした ぐじゃありませんでした |
gu de wa arimasen deshita gu ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 愚で | ぐで | gu de |
| Conditional | 愚なら（ば） | ぐなら（ば） | gu nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 愚だったら | ぐだったら | gu dattara |
| Volitional | 愚だろう | ぐだろう | gu darō |
| Adverbial | 愚に | ぐに | gu ni |
| Degree | 愚さ | ぐさ | gusa |
Noun
[edit]- foolishness, folly
- 1900, 田中正造, 亡國に至るを知らざれば之れ即ち亡國の儀に付質問[1], 青空文庫:
- […] 己の愚を知れば則ち愚にあらず、己の愚なることを知らなければ是が眞の愚である。
- […] onore no gu o shireba sunawachi gu ni arazu, onore no gu naru koto o shiranakereba kore ga shin no gu de aru.
- […] if you know your own foolishness, then you are not foolish. If you do not know that you are foolish, this is true foolishness.
- […] 己の愚を知れば則ち愚にあらず、己の愚なることを知らなければ是が眞の愚である。
Derived terms
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]愚 • (u) (hangeul 우, revised u, McCune–Reischauer u, Yale wu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese
[edit]Adjective
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