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U+5A46, 婆
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5A46

[U+5A45]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5A47]

Translingual

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Han character

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(Kangxi radical 38, +8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 水水女 (EEV), four-corner 34404, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 264, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6390
  • Dae Jaweon: page 530, character 26
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1061, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+5A46

Chinese

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trad.
simp. #

Glyph origin

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Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *baːl) : phonetic (OC *paːl) + semantic (woman).

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pʷa-n ~ *bʷa-n (grandmother). Cognate with Burmese ဘွား (bhwa:, grandmother) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

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Note: ba1 - only used in “婆娑(ba1sa1)”.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /pʰo³⁵/
Harbin /pʰɤ²⁴/
Tianjin /pʰo⁴⁵/
Jinan /pʰə⁴²/
Qingdao /pʰə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /pʰo⁴²/
Xi'an /pʰo²⁴/ ~娘
/pʰo⁴⁴/ 丈夫母親
Xining /pʰɔ²⁴/
Yinchuan /pʰuə⁵³/
Lanzhou /pʰə⁵³/
Ürümqi /pʰɤ⁵¹/
Wuhan /pʰo²¹³/
Chengdu /pʰo³¹/
Guiyang /pʰo²¹/
Kunming /pʰo³¹/
Nanjing /pʰo²⁴/
Hefei /pʰʊ⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /pʰɤ¹¹/
Pingyao /pʰɔ¹³/
/pei¹³/ 老~
Hohhot /pʰɤ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /bu²³/
Suzhou /bu¹³/
Hangzhou /bo²¹³/
Wenzhou /bøy³¹/
Hui Shexian /pʰo⁴⁴/
Tunxi /pʰo⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /po¹³/
Xiangtan /bo¹²/
Gan Nanchang /pʰo²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /pʰo¹¹/
Taoyuan /pʰo¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /pʰɔ²¹/
Nanning /pʰɔ²¹/
Hong Kong /pʰɔ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /po³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /po⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /pɔ²¹/
/pɔ³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /pʰua⁵⁵/
/po⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /fo³¹/
/ʔbo³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (3)
Final () (95)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter ba
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/buɑ/
Pan
Wuyun
/buɑ/
Shao
Rongfen
/buɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/bwa/
Li
Rong
/buɑ/
Wang
Li
/buɑ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/bʱuɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
po4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ ba ›
Old
Chinese
/*[b]ˁa[j]/
English 婆娑 saunter, dance

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 9734
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*baːl/
Notes

Definitions

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  1. old woman
  2. grandmother
  3. mother-in-law (of a woman); husband's mother
  4. woman in a particular profession
      ―  méi  ―  female matchmaker
  5. pejorative suffix for a woman
      ―  féi  ―  fat woman
  6. (ACG, neologism) Short for 老婆 (lǎopo, “waifu”)

Usage notes

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In transcriptions of Buddhist terms, (MC ba) is often used to transcribe Sanskrit (ba), (bha) and (va).

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

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  • Go-on: (ba, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: (ha)
  • Tō-on: (ho)
  • Kun: ばあ (, )ばば (baba, )

Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
ばば
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Possibly a reduplication of (uba, old woman). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(ばば) (baba

  1. an elderly woman, old woman
    Synonyms: 老女 (rōjo), 老婆 (rōba)
    Antonym: (jiji)
  2. (card games) Old Maid
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
ばばあ
Grade: S
irregular

/baba//babaː/

Alteration of baba above.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(ばばあ) (babā

  1. an elderly woman, old woman
    Antonym: (jijī)
  2. (colloquial) a complaint, grumbling
    Synonym: 愚痴 (guchi)
Derived terms
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See also
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Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term

Grade: S
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese (MC ba).

Pronunciation

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Affix

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() (ba

  1. old woman, crone
  2. Used in Sanskrit transliterations

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese (MC ba). Recorded as Middle Korean (pha) (Yale: pha) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 할머니 (halmeoni pa))

  1. hanja form? of (old woman)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings:

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.