यम
Appearance
Hindi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Sanskrit यम (yama).
Pronunciation
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]यम • (yam) m
- (Hinduism) Yama, god of death
- Synonym: यमराज (yamrāj)
- (astronomy) Pluto (dwarf planet, former planet)
Declension
[edit]Declension of यम (sg-only masc cons-stem)
singular | |
---|---|
direct | यम yam |
oblique | यम yam |
vocative | यम yam |
See also
[edit]Solar System in Hindi · सौरमंडल (saurmaṇḍal) (layout · text) | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Star | सूर्य (sūrya) | |||||||||||||||||
IAU planets and notable dwarf planets |
बुध (budh) | शुक्र (śukra) | पृथ्वी (pŕthvī) | मंगल (maṅgal) | बृहस्पति (bŕhaspati) | शनि (śani) | अरुण (aruṇ) | वरुण (varuṇ) | यम (yam) | |||||||||
Notable moons |
— | — | चंद्रमा (candramā) | — |
Marathi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Marathi 𑘧𑘦 (yama), from Sanskrit यम (yama).
Pronunciation
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]यम • (yam) m
References
[edit]- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “यम”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “यम”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
- दाते, यशवंत रामकृष्ण [Date, Yashwant Ramkrishna] (1932-1950) “यम”, in महाराष्ट्र शब्दकोश (mahārāṣṭra śabdakoś) (in Marathi), पुणे [Pune]: महाराष्ट्र कोशमंडळ (mahārāṣṭra kośmaṇḍaḷ).
Old Marathi
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]यम (yama) m
- Devanagari form of 𑘧𑘦 (yama)
Sanskrit
[edit]Alternative scripts
[edit]Alternative scripts
- যম (Assamese script)
- ᬬᬫ (Balinese script)
- যম (Bengali script)
- 𑰧𑰦 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀬𑀫 (Brahmi script)
- ယမ (Burmese script)
- યમ (Gujarati script)
- ਯਮ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌯𑌮 (Grantha script)
- ꦪꦩ (Javanese script)
- 𑂨𑂧 (Kaithi script)
- ಯಮ (Kannada script)
- យម (Khmer script)
- ຍມ (Lao script)
- യമ (Malayalam script)
- ᠶᠠᠮᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘧𑘦 (Modi script)
- ᠶ᠋ᠠᠮᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧇𑧆 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐫𑐩 (Newa script)
- ଯମ (Odia script)
- ꢫꢪ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆪𑆩 (Sharada script)
- 𑖧𑖦 (Siddham script)
- යම (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩻𑩴 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚣𑚢 (Takri script)
- யம (Tamil script)
- యమ (Telugu script)
- ยม (Thai script)
- ཡ་མ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒨𑒧 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨪𑨢 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Indo-Aryan *yámas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yámas, from Proto-Indo-European *yém-o-s, from *yem- (“to hold, restrain”). Cognate with Albanian gjem.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]यम • (yáma) stem, m (root यम्)
- rein
- driver, charioteer
- suppression, restraint; self-restraint (in Yoga)
- any great moral rule or duty
- observance, rule
Declension
[edit]singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | यमः (yámaḥ) | यमौ (yámau) यमा¹ (yámā¹) |
यमाः (yámāḥ) यमासः¹ (yámāsaḥ¹) |
vocative | यम (yáma) | यमौ (yámau) यमा¹ (yámā¹) |
यमाः (yámāḥ) यमासः¹ (yámāsaḥ¹) |
accusative | यमम् (yámam) | यमौ (yámau) यमा¹ (yámā¹) |
यमान् (yámān) |
instrumental | यमेन (yámena) | यमाभ्याम् (yámābhyām) | यमैः (yámaiḥ) यमेभिः¹ (yámebhiḥ¹) |
dative | यमाय (yámāya) | यमाभ्याम् (yámābhyām) | यमेभ्यः (yámebhyaḥ) |
ablative | यमात् (yámāt) | यमाभ्याम् (yámābhyām) | यमेभ्यः (yámebhyaḥ) |
genitive | यमस्य (yámasya) | यमयोः (yámayoḥ) | यमानाम् (yámānām) |
locative | यमे (yáme) | यमयोः (yámayoḥ) | यमेषु (yámeṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Indo-Aryan *yamás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *yamás, from Proto-Indo-European *yemHós (“connected, paired”), from *yemH- (“twin”). Cognate with Latin Remus.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]यम • (yamá) stem
Declension
[edit]singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | यमः (yamáḥ) | यमौ (yamaú) यमा¹ (yamā́¹) |
यमाः (yamā́ḥ) यमासः¹ (yamā́saḥ¹) |
vocative | यम (yáma) | यमौ (yámau) यमा¹ (yámā¹) |
यमाः (yámāḥ) यमासः¹ (yámāsaḥ¹) |
accusative | यमम् (yamám) | यमौ (yamaú) यमा¹ (yamā́¹) |
यमान् (yamā́n) |
instrumental | यमेन (yaména) | यमाभ्याम् (yamā́bhyām) | यमैः (yamaíḥ) यमेभिः¹ (yamébhiḥ¹) |
dative | यमाय (yamā́ya) | यमाभ्याम् (yamā́bhyām) | यमेभ्यः (yamébhyaḥ) |
ablative | यमात् (yamā́t) | यमाभ्याम् (yamā́bhyām) | यमेभ्यः (yamébhyaḥ) |
genitive | यमस्य (yamásya) | यमयोः (yamáyoḥ) | यमानाम् (yamā́nām) |
locative | यमे (yamé) | यमयोः (yamáyoḥ) | यमेषु (yaméṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | यमा (yamā́) | यमे (yamé) | यमाः (yamā́ḥ) |
vocative | यमे (yáme) | यमे (yáme) | यमाः (yámāḥ) |
accusative | यमाम् (yamā́m) | यमे (yamé) | यमाः (yamā́ḥ) |
instrumental | यमया (yamáyā) यमा¹ (yamā́¹) |
यमाभ्याम् (yamā́bhyām) | यमाभिः (yamā́bhiḥ) |
dative | यमायै (yamā́yai) | यमाभ्याम् (yamā́bhyām) | यमाभ्यः (yamā́bhyaḥ) |
ablative | यमायाः (yamā́yāḥ) यमायै² (yamā́yai²) |
यमाभ्याम् (yamā́bhyām) | यमाभ्यः (yamā́bhyaḥ) |
genitive | यमायाः (yamā́yāḥ) यमायै² (yamā́yai²) |
यमयोः (yamáyoḥ) | यमानाम् (yamā́nām) |
locative | यमायाम् (yamā́yām) | यमयोः (yamáyoḥ) | यमासु (yamā́su) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | यमी (yamī́) | यम्यौ (yamyaù) यमी¹ (yamī́¹) |
यम्यः (yamyàḥ) यमीः¹ (yamī́ḥ¹) |
vocative | यमि (yámi) | यम्यौ (yámyau) यमी¹ (yámī¹) |
यम्यः (yámyaḥ) यमीः¹ (yámīḥ¹) |
accusative | यमीम् (yamī́m) | यम्यौ (yamyaù) यमी¹ (yamī́¹) |
यमीः (yamī́ḥ) |
instrumental | यम्या (yamyā́) | यमीभ्याम् (yamī́bhyām) | यमीभिः (yamī́bhiḥ) |
dative | यम्यै (yamyaí) | यमीभ्याम् (yamī́bhyām) | यमीभ्यः (yamī́bhyaḥ) |
ablative | यम्याः (yamyā́ḥ) यम्यै² (yamyaí²) |
यमीभ्याम् (yamī́bhyām) | यमीभ्यः (yamī́bhyaḥ) |
genitive | यम्याः (yamyā́ḥ) यम्यै² (yamyaí²) |
यम्योः (yamyóḥ) | यमीनाम् (yamī́nām) |
locative | यम्याम् (yamyā́m) | यम्योः (yamyóḥ) | यमीषु (yamī́ṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | यमम् (yamám) | यमे (yamé) | यमानि (yamā́ni) यमा¹ (yamā́¹) |
vocative | यम (yáma) | यमे (yáme) | यमानि (yámāni) यमा¹ (yámā¹) |
accusative | यमम् (yamám) | यमे (yamé) | यमानि (yamā́ni) यमा¹ (yamā́¹) |
instrumental | यमेन (yaména) | यमाभ्याम् (yamā́bhyām) | यमैः (yamaíḥ) यमेभिः¹ (yamébhiḥ¹) |
dative | यमाय (yamā́ya) | यमाभ्याम् (yamā́bhyām) | यमेभ्यः (yamébhyaḥ) |
ablative | यमात् (yamā́t) | यमाभ्याम् (yamā́bhyām) | यमेभ्यः (yamébhyaḥ) |
genitive | यमस्य (yamásya) | यमयोः (yamáyoḥ) | यमानाम् (yamā́nām) |
locative | यमे (yamé) | यमयोः (yamáyoḥ) | यमेषु (yaméṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
Noun
[edit]यम • (yamá) stem, m
Declension
[edit]singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | यमः (yamáḥ) | यमौ (yamaú) यमा¹ (yamā́¹) |
यमाः (yamā́ḥ) यमासः¹ (yamā́saḥ¹) |
vocative | यम (yáma) | यमौ (yámau) यमा¹ (yámā¹) |
यमाः (yámāḥ) यमासः¹ (yámāsaḥ¹) |
accusative | यमम् (yamám) | यमौ (yamaú) यमा¹ (yamā́¹) |
यमान् (yamā́n) |
instrumental | यमेन (yaména) | यमाभ्याम् (yamā́bhyām) | यमैः (yamaíḥ) यमेभिः¹ (yamébhiḥ¹) |
dative | यमाय (yamā́ya) | यमाभ्याम् (yamā́bhyām) | यमेभ्यः (yamébhyaḥ) |
ablative | यमात् (yamā́t) | यमाभ्याम् (yamā́bhyām) | यमेभ्यः (yamébhyaḥ) |
genitive | यमस्य (yamásya) | यमयोः (yamáyoḥ) | यमानाम् (yamā́nām) |
locative | यमे (yamé) | यमयोः (yamáyoḥ) | यमेषु (yaméṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
[edit]- Dardic:
- Khowar: جمےژ (ǰamiž)
- Helu Prakrit:
- Sinhalese: යමා (yamā)
- Magadhi Prakrit:
- Bihari:
- Bhojpuri: जेंवां (jēnvā̃)
- Bihari:
- Maharastri Prakrit:
- Marathi: जवा (javā)
- Pali: yama
Noun
[edit]यम • (yamá) stem, n
- (grammar) a twin-letter
- pitch of the voice
Declension
[edit]singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | यमम् (yamám) | यमे (yamé) | यमानि (yamā́ni) यमा¹ (yamā́¹) |
vocative | यम (yáma) | यमे (yáme) | यमानि (yámāni) यमा¹ (yámā¹) |
accusative | यमम् (yamám) | यमे (yamé) | यमानि (yamā́ni) यमा¹ (yamā́¹) |
instrumental | यमेन (yaména) | यमाभ्याम् (yamā́bhyām) | यमैः (yamaíḥ) यमेभिः¹ (yamébhiḥ¹) |
dative | यमाय (yamā́ya) | यमाभ्याम् (yamā́bhyām) | यमेभ्यः (yamébhyaḥ) |
ablative | यमात् (yamā́t) | यमाभ्याम् (yamā́bhyām) | यमेभ्यः (yamébhyaḥ) |
genitive | यमस्य (yamásya) | यमयोः (yamáyoḥ) | यमानाम् (yamā́nām) |
locative | यमे (yamé) | यमयोः (yamáyoḥ) | यमेषु (yaméṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
Etymology 3
[edit]From Proto-Indo-Aryan *Yamás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Yamás.
Pronunciation
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]यम • (yamá) stem, m
- Yama, the god of death, afterlife and justice, the twin brother of Yamuna and believed to have been the first mortal to die
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.14.1:
- प॒रे॒यि॒वांसं॑ प्र॒वतो॑ म॒हीरनु॑ ब॒हुभ्यः॒ पन्था॑मनुपस्पशा॒नम् ।
वै॒व॒स्व॒तं सं॒गम॑नं॒ जना॑नां य॒मं राजा॑नं ह॒विषा॑ दुवस्य ॥- pareyivā́ṃsaṃ praváto mahī́ránu bahúbhyaḥ pánthāmanupaspaśānám.
vaivasvatáṃ saṃgámanaṃ jánānāṃ yamáṃ rā́jānaṃ havíṣā duvasya. - Honour the King (of the Pitṛs) with your oblations, Yama, Vivasvan's Son, who gathers men together, who travelled to the lofty heights above us, who searches out and shows the path to many.
- pareyivā́ṃsaṃ praváto mahī́ránu bahúbhyaḥ pánthāmanupaspaśānám.
- प॒रे॒यि॒वांसं॑ प्र॒वतो॑ म॒हीरनु॑ ब॒हुभ्यः॒ पन्था॑मनुपस्पशा॒नम् ।
Declension
[edit]singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | यमः (yamáḥ) | यमौ (yamaú) यमा¹ (yamā́¹) |
यमाः (yamā́ḥ) यमासः¹ (yamā́saḥ¹) |
vocative | यम (yáma) | यमौ (yámau) यमा¹ (yámā¹) |
यमाः (yámāḥ) यमासः¹ (yámāsaḥ¹) |
accusative | यमम् (yamám) | यमौ (yamaú) यमा¹ (yamā́¹) |
यमान् (yamā́n) |
instrumental | यमेन (yaména) | यमाभ्याम् (yamā́bhyām) | यमैः (yamaíḥ) यमेभिः¹ (yamébhiḥ¹) |
dative | यमाय (yamā́ya) | यमाभ्याम् (yamā́bhyām) | यमेभ्यः (yamébhyaḥ) |
ablative | यमात् (yamā́t) | यमाभ्याम् (yamā́bhyām) | यमेभ्यः (yamébhyaḥ) |
genitive | यमस्य (yamásya) | यमयोः (yamáyoḥ) | यमानाम् (yamā́nām) |
locative | यमे (yamé) | यमयोः (yamáyoḥ) | यमेषु (yaméṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
[edit]- → Balinese: ᬬᬫ (yama)
- → Bengali: যম (jom)
- → Manipuri: ꯌꯃ (yama)
- → Middle Chinese: 閻魔 (MC yem ma)
- → Japanese: 夜摩 (Yama)
- → Old Marathi: 𑘧𑘦 (yama)
- Marathi: यम (yam)
- Pali: yama
- Prakrit: 𑀚𑀫 (jama)
- → Tamil: யமன் (yamaṉ)
References
[edit]- Monier Williams (1899) “यम”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 846, column 1.
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “यम”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 399-401
Categories:
- Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Hindi learned borrowings from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi proper nouns
- Hindi masculine nouns
- hi:Hinduism
- hi:Astronomy
- Hindi uncountable nouns
- Hindi masculine consonant-stem nouns
- Marathi terms inherited from Old Marathi
- Marathi terms derived from Old Marathi
- Marathi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Marathi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Marathi terms with audio pronunciation
- Marathi lemmas
- Marathi proper nouns
- Marathi masculine nouns
- mr:Hinduism
- Old Marathi lemmas
- Old Marathi proper nouns
- Old Marathi masculine nouns
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit terms belonging to the root यम्
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit masculine nouns
- Sanskrit a-stem nouns
- Sanskrit adjectives
- Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit a-stem adjectives
- Sanskrit neuter nouns
- sa:Grammar
- Sanskrit proper nouns
- Sanskrit proper nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- sa:Hindu deities