عالم

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Arabic

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Etymology 1

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    Borrowed from Aramaic עָלְמָא / ܥܳܠܡܳܐ (ʿāləmā) or Hebrew עוֹלָם (ʿōlām), possibly from Akkadian 𒂖𒆷𒈬𒌋𒀀 (/⁠ellamu, illamu⁠/, front, before; both temporally and in location; coming before your time or being currently physically before you now).

    Alternative forms

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    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    عَالَم (ʕālamm (plural عَالَمُون (ʕālamūn) or عَوَالِم (ʕawālim))

    1. world
    2. universe, cosmos, existence
    3. (chiefly Christianity) world, hereunder, worldly life
      Synonym: دُنْيَا (dunyā)
      فِي العالَمِ يَكُونُ لَكُم ضِيقٌ، وَلٰكِن ثِقُوا: أَنَا قَد غَلَبْتُ العالَم.
      fī l-ʕālami yakūnu lakum ḍīqun, walākin ṯiqū: ʔanā qad ḡalabtu l-ʕālam.
      In the world ye shall have tribulation; but be of good cheer: I have overcome the world. (John 16:33)
    4. things, creation, that which exists before you
    5. nation, people, group, type, or kind
    Declension
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    Descendants
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    Etymology 2

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      Derived from the active participle of the verb عَلِمَ (ʕalima, to know), from the root ع ل م (ʕ-l-m).

      Noun

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      عَالِم (ʕālimm (plural عَالِمُون (ʕālimūn) or عُلَمَاء (ʕulamāʔ), feminine عَالِمَة (ʕālima))

      1. scholar, man of letters, scientist
      2. knowledgeable person, savant
      Declension
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      Descendants
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      References

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      • ˁlm”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
      • Fischer, Wolfdietrich (2006) Grammatik des Klassischen Arabisch (in German), 4th edition, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, →ISBN, § 62 Anm. 5, page 36
      • Fraenkel, Siegmund (1880) De vocabulis in antiquis Arabum carminibus et in Corano peregrinis[1] (in Latin), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 17
      • Fraenkel, Siegmund (1880) De vocabulis in antiquis Arabum carminibus et in Corano peregrinis[2] (in Latin), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 21
      • Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, pages 208–209
      • Nöldeke, Theodor (1875) Mandäische Grammatik[3] (in German), Halle: Verlag der Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses, page 112

      Kohistani Shina

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      Noun

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      عالم ('alim)

      1. teacher

      North Levantine Arabic

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      Etymology

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      From Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam).

      Noun

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      عالم (ʕālamm (plural عوالم (ʕwālim))

      1. world
        Synonym: دني (dini)
      2. people, folk
        Synonym: ناس (nās)
        كان في كتير عالم هنيك.
        kān fi ktīr ʕālam hunīk.
        There were a lot of people there.

      Usage notes

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      • When meaning “people” it is often construed with a feminine or plural verb, like ناس.

      Ottoman Turkish

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      عَالِم

      Etymology 1

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        Borrowed from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam).

        Noun

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        عالم (alem) (plural عالمون (alemun), and عوالم (ewalim))

        1. world, universe, everything except God
        2. age, time, period
        Descendants
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        Etymology 2

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          Borrowed from Arabic عَالِم (ʕālim).

          Noun

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          عالم (alim) (plural علما (ulema), and علام (ullam))

          1. learned man, scholar, man of letters
          2. particularly, a member of a certain class of men with a state-sponsored tenure, as distinguished from a mufti, being part of the askeri class, alim [since Mehmed II]

          Adjective

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          عالم (alim)

          1. learned, educated
            عالم بر خاتونalim bir hatuna learned lady

          Descendants

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          Further reading

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          Persian

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          Etymology 1

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            Borrowed from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam).

            Pronunciation

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            Readings
            Classical reading? ālam
            Dari reading? ālam
            Iranian reading? âlam
            Tajik reading? olam

            Noun

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            Dari عالم
            Iranian Persian
            Tajik олам

            عالَم ('âlam)

            1. world; universe
              Synonyms: جهان (jahân), دنیا (donyâ)
            Descendants
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            Etymology 2

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              Borrowed from Arabic عَالِم (ʕālim), from عَلِمَ (ʕalima).

              Pronunciation

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              Readings
              Classical reading? ālim
              Dari reading? ālim
              Iranian reading? âlem
              Tajik reading? olim

              Adjective

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              Dari عالم
              Iranian Persian
              Tajik олим

              عالِم ('âlem)

              1. learned; knowledgeable
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              • علم ('elm, knowledge)
              Descendants
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              Punjabi

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              Etymology 1

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                Borrowed from Classical Persian عَالَم (ālam), borrowed from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam).

                Pronunciation

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                Noun

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                عالَم (ʻālamm (Gurmukhi spelling ਆਲਮ)

                1. world
                2. universe
                3. kingdom
                4. state, condition

                Etymology 2

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                  Borrowed from Classical Persian عَالِم (ālim), borrowed from Arabic عَالِم (ʕālim), from عَلِمَ (ʕalima).

                  Pronunciation

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                  Adjective

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                  عالَم (ʻālam) (Gurmukhi spelling ਆਲਮ)

                  1. learned
                  2. knowledgeable
                  3. intelligent
                  4. wise
                  Usage notes
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                  • Many Arabic loanwords, such as عالَم (ʻālam), can have multiple meanings in Punjabi, where in this case, one is related to the noun, while the latter meaning is used to refer to the adjective. Both are borrowed from different Arabic words, yet have the same pronunciation in Punjabi, unlike in, the sister language, Urdu عالِم ('ālim), (and rarely in Hindi आलिम (ālim)), where there is a distinction in pronunciation between the adjective and the noun. This can cause ambiguity as generally Punjabi speakers, who tend to also speak Hindi and Urdu, might actually mix words from either languages and not emphasise on the difference in pronunciation.
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                  South Levantine Arabic

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                  Root
                  ع ل م
                  7 terms

                  Etymology 1

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                  From Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam).

                  Pronunciation

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                  • IPA(key): /ʕaː.lam/, [ˈʕæː.lam]
                  • Audio (Ramallah):(file)

                  Noun

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                  عالم (ʕālamm

                  1. world
                    Synonym: دنيا (dinya)

                  Etymology 2

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                  From Arabic عَالِم (ʕālim).

                  Pronunciation

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                  Adjective

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                  عالم (ʕālem) (feminine عالمة (ʕālme), elative أعلم (ʔaʕlam))

                  1. aware
                  2. (formal) knowing

                  Noun

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                  عالم (ʕālemm (plural علماء (ʕulamāʔ), feminine عالمة (ʕālme))

                  1. scholar, scientist
                    Synonym: باحث (bāḥes)

                  Urdu

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                  Etymology 1

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                    Borrowed from Classical Persian عَالَم (ālam), borrowed from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam).

                    Pronunciation

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                    Noun

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                    عالَم ('ālamm (Hindi spelling आलम)

                    1. world
                    2. universe
                    3. mankind
                    4. kingdom
                    5. season
                    6. state, condition
                    7. age, period

                    Etymology 2

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                      Borrowed from Classical Persian عَالِم (ālim), borrowed from Arabic عَالِم (ʕālim), from عَلِمَ (ʕalima).

                      Pronunciation

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                      Adjective

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                      عالِم ('ālim) (Hindi spelling आलिम)

                      1. learned
                      2. knowledgeable
                      3. intelligent
                      4. wise

                      Noun

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                      عالم ('ālimm (Hindi spelling आलिम)

                      1. doctor
                      2. scientist
                        Synonyms: دانش مند (dāniś-mand), سائنسدان (sāinsdān)
                      3. scholar
                        Synonym: دانشور (dāniśvar)
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