سر

Root
س ر ر (s r r)
10 terms

سَرَّ • (sarra) I (non-past يَسُرُّ (yasurru), verbal noun مَسَرَّة (masarra) or سُرُور (surūr) or سُرّ (surr) or سُرَّى (surrā) or تَسِرَّة (tasirra))

1. to gladden, to make happy, to delight, to cheer, to rejoice
2. to satisfy
3. to pass

سُرَّ • (surra) I (passive-only, first-person singular past سُرِرْتُ (surirtu), non-past يُسَرُّ (yusarru), verbal noun مَسَرَّة (masarra) or سُرُور (surūr) or سُرّ (surr) or سُرَّى (surrā) or تَسِرَّة (tasirra))

1. to be glad, to be happy, to be delighted, to take pleasure in

سَرّ • (sarr) m

1. verbal noun of سَرَّ (sarra) (form I)

Compare Ugaritic 𐎌𐎗 (šr).

سُرّ • (surr) m (plural أَسِرَّة (ʔasirra))

1. verbal noun of سَرَّ (sarra) (form I)
2. umbilical cord, navel string

Denominal verb from سُرّ (surr, “umbilical cord”) and سُرَّة (surra, “navel”).

سَرَّ • (sarra) I (non-past يَسُرُّ (yasurru), verbal noun سَرّ (sarr))

1. to cut off the navel string of (someone)
2. to hurt the navel of (someone)

Denominal verb from سُرَّة (surra, “navel”).

سَرَّ • (sarra) I (first-person singular past سَرِرْتُ (sarirtu), non-past يَسَرُّ (yasarru), verbal noun سَرّ (sarr))

1. to complain of pain in the navel

For the fourth sense, compare Classical Syriac ܐ݇ܪܵܙܵܐ (rāzā, “sacrament”, literally “secret”).

سِرّ • (sirr) m (plural أَسْرَار (ʔasrār)) (countable and uncountable)

1. secret, secret thought
2. heart, inmost
3. secrecy, mystery
4. sacrament (Christianity)
5. underlying reason

• عَلَن (ʕalan)

• → Hausa: àsīr̃ī
  • → Yoruba: àṣírí
  • → Nupe: àsiri; àshiri
• → Malay: sir
  • → Indonesian: sir
• → Classical Persian: سِرّ (sirr)
  • → Azerbaijani: sirr
  • → Bashkir: сер (ser)
  • → Hindi: सिर्र (sirr)
  • → Kazakh: сыр (syr)
  • → Kyrgyz: сыр (sır)
  • → Northern Kurdish: surr
  • → Punjabi: ਸਿੱਰ (sirra), سِرّ (sirr)
  • → Pashto: سر (ser)
  • → Tajik: сир (sir)
  • → Tatar: сер (ser)
  • → Turkmen: syr
  • → Ottoman Turkish: سر (sirr, sır)
    • > Turkish: sır (inherited)
    • → Crimean Tatar: sır
  • → Urdu: سِرّ (sirr)
  • → Uyghur: سىر (sir)
  • → Uzbek: sir
• → Swahili: siri

سِرّ • (sirr) m (plural أَسِرَّة (ʔasirra) or أَسْرَار (ʔasrār) or أَسَارِير (ʔasārīr))

1. line in the palm

From Ottoman Turkish سر (ser), from Persian سر (sar).

سَر • (sar) m

1. (in compounds) head, chief

   سِرْدَار (sirdār)— supreme commander; commanding general

   سَرْعَسْكَر (sarʕaskar)— Ottoman general

   سِرْيَاوَرَان (siryāwarān)— adjutant general

سِرْ • (sir) (form I) /sir/

1. second-person masculine singular imperative of سَارَ (sāra)

سر • (sar)

1. (Anatomy) head
2. top

• سرگ (sarag)

• IPA^(key): [saɾ]

سر (sar) (plural سرݸ)

1. rabbit

سر (sar) (plural سرݸ)

1. thread

• Sadaf Munshi (2015) “Word Lists”, in Burushaski Language Documentation Project‎^[1].

سر (sar)

1. lake

سر (ser)

1. top

سر (sir)

1. head

From Persian سر (sar).

سر • (ser)

1. head
2. chief, head, leading
3. end, summit, tip

• (all senses): باش (baş)

• سرعسكر (serʼasker, “commander in chief”)

• > Turkish: ser (inherited)
• → Arabic: سَر (sar)

From Arabic سِرّ (sirr).

سر • (sirr, sır)

1. secret, concealed thing

• > Turkish: sır (inherited)
• → Crimean Tatar: sır

• Zenker, Julius Theodor (1876) “سر”, in Türkisch-arabisch-persisches Handwörterbuch, volume 2 (overall work in German and French), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, pages 501–502

From Middle Persian 𐭫𐭥𐭩𐭱𐭤 (LOYŠE /⁠sar⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *cŕ̥Hah, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćŕ̥Has, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-; see there for further information.

Readings
Classical reading?	sar
Dari reading?	sar
Iranian reading?	sar
Tajik reading?	sar

• Rhymes: -ar

Dari	سر
Iranian Persian
Tajik	сар

سَر • (sar) (plural سرها (sar-hâ))

1. head; (figurative) the head, as the seat of the intellect

   سرم درد میکنه.

   sar-am dard mi-kone.

   My head hurts.

   • 2023, “پاقدم”, performed by علیرضا طلیسچی:

     تو رفتی ولی فکر تو، تو سر من موند
     همیشه نبودت من و قلبمو ترسوند

     to rafti vali fekr-e to tu sar-e man mund
     hamiše nabudet man o qalbamo tarsund

     you left but the thought of you remained in my head / your absence always scared me and my heart

2. top, top part

   بر سر درخت

   bar sar-e deraxt

   on the treetop

3. cover, lid, cap

   سر دیگ شیشه‌ای

   sar-e dig-e šiše'i

   glass pot lid

4. start, beginning, starting point

   باد سر پاییز

   bâd-e sar-e pâyiz

   early autumn wind

5. tip, extremity, endpoint; often without the ezâfe.

   سرانگشت ― sarangošt ― fingertip

   سر تا سر ― sar tâ sar ― from one end to the other

   • 11th century, Abū Saʿīd Abī-l-Khayr, Rubāʿī attributed to Abū Saʿīd Abī-l-Khayr‎^[2]:

     جانا من و تو نمونهٔ پرگاریم
     سر گرچه دو کرده‌ایم یک تن داریم

     jānā man u tō namūna-yi pargār-ēm
     sar garči du karda'ēm yak tan dārēm

     My love, you and I are akin to a pair of compasses;
     Though we are of two heads/ends, we have one body.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

   • 1962, Jalal Al-e-Ahmad, غرب‌زدگی [Occidentosis: A Plague from the West]:

     این غرب‌زدگی دو سر دارد. یکی غرب و دیگر ما که غرب‌زده‌ایم. ما یعنی گوشه‌ای از شرق. به جای این دو سر، بگذاریم دو قطب. یا دو نهایت.

     in ğarb-zadegi do sar dârad. yeki ğarb va digar mâ ke ğarb-zade-im. mâ ya'ni guše'i az šarq. be jâ-ye in do sar, begozârim do qotb. yâ do nehâyat.

     This Westoxification has two endpoints. One is the West, and the other is we who are Westoxified. We, as in a corner of the East. Instead of these two endpoints, let us say two poles. Or two extremes.

6. (idiomatic) intention, desire

   آمریکا با ایران سر جنگ دارد.

   âmrikâ bâ irân sar-e jang dârad.

   America wants war with Iran.

7. (idiomatic) end, conclusion

   به سر آوردن

   be sar âvordan

   to bring to an end

   • 1921, Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh, فارسی شکر است‎^[3]:

     […] و جیغ و داد و فریادی بلند و قشقره‌ای برپا گردید که آن سرش پیدا نبود.

     […] va jiğ o dâd o faryâdi boland va qešqere'i barpâ gardid ke ân sar-aš peydâ na-bud.

     […] and screams, shouts, loud cries, and general pandemonium was set up to which no end could be found.

8. A classifier for people and animals.
9. (Sistani) A kind of clay.

سَر • (sar) (plural سران (sarân))

1. leader, chief, head

سر • (sar-i) (Dari transliteration)

1. (chiefly Dari) on top, on

   «کلید من از کجاست» «آن سر میز است» (Dari, formal)

   “kilīd-i man az kujā-st” “ān sar-i mēz ast”

   «کلی مه از کجایه؟» «او سر میزه» (Dari, informal)

   “kilī-yi ma az kuja-ya?” “ū sar-i mēz-a”

   "where are my keys?" "they are on the table"

• Use روی (ru-ye) in Iran.

• → Hindustani:
  • → Hindi: सर (sar)
  • → Urdu: سر (sar)
• → Ottoman Turkish: سر (ser)
  • > Turkish: ser (inherited)
  • → Arabic: سَر (sar)
• →? Pashto: سر (sar)

Borrowed from Arabic سِرّ (sirr, “secret”).

Readings
Classical reading?	sirr
Dari reading?	sirr
Iranian reading?	serr
Tajik reading?	sirr

سِرّ • (serr) (plural اسرار (asrâr))

1. secret

   Synonym: راز (râz)

Enclitic-attached forms of سر (serr) (Iranian Persian)

Basic forms of سر (serr) singular plural bare سر (serr) سر‌ها (serr-hấ) سرا △ (serrấ) definitive direct object سر را (serr râ) سر رو △ (serro) سر‌ها را (serr-hấ râ) سرا رو △ (serrấ ro) ezâfe سر (serr-e) سر‌های (serr-hấ-ye) سرای △ (serrấ-ye) marked indefinite or relative definite سری (serr-i) سر‌هایی (serrấn-i, serr-hấ-i) سرایی △ (serrấi) △ Colloquial.     Possessive forms of سر (serr) singular plural 1st person singular (“my”) سرم (serram) سر‌هایم (serr-hấyam) سر‌هام، سرام △ (serrấm) 2nd person singular (“your”) سرت (serrat) [Term?] △ (serret) سر‌هایت (serr-hấyat) سر‌هات، سرات △ (serrất) 3rd person singular (“his, her, its”) سرش (serraš) [Term?] △ (serreš) سر‌هایش (serr-hấyaš) سر‌هاش، سراش △ (serrấš) 1st plural (“our”) سرمان (serremân) سرمون △ (serremun) سر‌هایمان (serr-hấyemân) سر‌هامون، سرامون △ (serrấmun) 2nd plural (“your”) سرتان (serretân) سرتون △ (serretun) سر‌هایتان (serr-hấyetân) سر‌هاتون، سراتون △ (serrấtun) 3rd plural (“their”) سرشان (serrešân) سرشون △ (serrešun) سر‌هایشان (serr-hấyešân) سر‌هاشون، سراشون △ (serrấšun) △ Colloquial.

A transliteration of the English title Sir.

سِر • (ser)

1. Sir (the titular prefix given to a knight or baronet)

   سر تیم برنرز لی ― ser tim bernerz li ― Sir Tim Berners-Lee

Used in transliteration only.

Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱerh₂-; see there for more.

• IPA^(key): /sɪɾ/

سِر • (sir) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਸਿਰ)

1. head

From Sanskrit शिरस् (śiras).

• IPA^(key): /sɪɾ/

سِر (sir) m

1. (anatomy) head

• IPA^(key): /sʌr/

سر (sar)

1. lake
2. (rare) ocean

From Sanskrit शिरस् (śiras).

سر • (siru) m (Devanagari सिरु)

1. head

Root
س ر ر
3 terms

From Arabic سِرّ (sirr).

• IPA^(key): /sirr/, [sɪr]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

سرّ • (sirr) m (plural أسرار (ʔasrār) or سرار (srār))

1. secret

سر (so:r, sōr)

1. (Kuzarg) red

Borrowed from Sanskrit शर (śara).

سَر • (sar) m (Hindi spelling सर)

1. arrow

Borrowed from Sanskrit [Term?].

سَر • (sar) (Hindi spelling सर)

1. going
2. moving
3. proceeding

سَر • (sar) ? (Hindi spelling सर)

1. motion
2. milk
3. waterfall
4. salt
5. cream

Borrowed from Sanskrit सरस् (saras).

سَر • (sar) m (Hindi spelling सर)

1. lake
2. pond
3. pool
4. tank

Borrowed from Classical Persian سر (sar). Cognate with Sanskrit शिरस् (śiras). Doublet of سر (sir, “head”).

سَر • (sar) m (Hindi spelling सर)

1. head
2. top
3. pinnacle
4. tip
5. origin
6. head
7. chief
8. intention
9. aim, goal
10. end

Borrowed from Sanskrit शिर (śira).

سِر • (sir) (Hindi spelling सिर)

1. initially

سِر • (sir) m (Hindi spelling सिर)

1. head
2. skull
3. top
4. summit
5. crown
6. pinnacle
7. beginning
8. commencement

Borrowed from Classical Persian سر (sir(r)), from Arabic سِرّ (sirr).

سِر or سِرّ • (sir or sirr) m (Hindi spelling सिर्र)

1. secret
2. mystery

Borrowed from Sanskrit सुर (sura).

سُر • (sur) m (Hindi spelling सुर)

1. god
2. deity
3. angel
4. sun

Borrowed from Sanskrit स्वर (svara).

سُر • (sur) m (Hindi spelling सुर)

1. sound
2. voice
3. tone
4. tune
5. harmony
6. melody
7. song
8. air

Borrowed from Classical Persian سر (sur), from Sanskrit शूल (śūla).

سُر • (sur) m (Hindi spelling सुर)

1. swordfish