بخت
Arabic
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Back-formed and simplified from a nisba-epitheted name, as it has also been called الْبَخْتَرِيّ (al-baḵtariyy) الْإِبِل الْخُرَاسَانِيَّة (al-ʔibil al-ḵurāsāniyya), الْجَمَل الْبُخَارِيّ (al-jamal al-buḵāriyy) etc., various connections made to Bactria, Balkh and Bukhara.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]بُخْت • (buḵt) m (collective, singulative بُخْتِيّ m or f (buḵtiyy) or بُخْتِيَّة (buḵtiyya), plural بَخَاتِيّ (baḵātiyy))
- a half-breed from a male Bactrian camel and a female dromedary
- 7th century CE, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, 37:190:
- رُؤُوسُهُنَّ كَأَسْنِمَةِ الْبُخْتِ الْمَائِلَةِ
- ruʔūsuhunna kaʔasnimati l-buḵti l-māʔilati
- Their heads are inclined like the humps of Bactrian dromedaries.
Declension
[edit]Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | بُخْت buḵt |
الْبُخْت al-buḵt |
بُخْت buḵt |
Nominative | بُخْتٌ buḵtun |
الْبُخْتُ al-buḵtu |
بُخْتُ buḵtu |
Accusative | بُخْتًا buḵtan |
الْبُخْتَ al-buḵta |
بُخْتَ buḵta |
Genitive | بُخْتٍ buḵtin |
الْبُخْتِ al-buḵti |
بُخْتِ buḵti |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | بُخْتِيَّيْن buḵtiyyayn |
الْبُخْتِيَّيْن al-buḵtiyyayn |
بُخْتِيَّيْ buḵtiyyay |
Nominative | بُخْتِيَّانِ buḵtiyyāni |
الْبُخْتِيَّانِ al-buḵtiyyāni |
بُخْتِيَّا buḵtiyyā |
Accusative | بُخْتِيَّيْنِ buḵtiyyayni |
الْبُخْتِيَّيْنِ al-buḵtiyyayni |
بُخْتِيَّيْ buḵtiyyay |
Genitive | بُخْتِيَّيْنِ buḵtiyyayni |
الْبُخْتِيَّيْنِ al-buḵtiyyayni |
بُخْتِيَّيْ buḵtiyyay |
Plural | basic broken plural diptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | بَخَاتِي baḵātī |
الْبَخَاتِي al-baḵātī |
بَخَاتِي baḵātī |
Nominative | بَخَاتِيُّ baḵātiyyu |
الْبَخَاتِيُّ al-baḵātiyyu |
بَخَاتِيُّ baḵātiyyu |
Accusative | بَخَاتِيَّ baḵātiyya |
الْبَخَاتِيَّ al-baḵātiyya |
بَخَاتِيَّ baḵātiyya |
Genitive | بَخَاتِيَّ baḵātiyya |
الْبَخَاتِيِّ al-baḵātiyyi |
بَخَاتِيِّ baḵātiyyi |
Etymology 2
[edit]From Persian بخت (baxt) or its earlier forms.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]بَخْت • (baḵt) m (plural بُخُوت (buḵūt))
Declension
[edit]Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | بَخْت baḵt |
الْبَخْت al-baḵt |
بَخْت baḵt |
Nominative | بَخْتٌ baḵtun |
الْبَخْتُ al-baḵtu |
بَخْتُ baḵtu |
Accusative | بَخْتًا baḵtan |
الْبَخْتَ al-baḵta |
بَخْتَ baḵta |
Genitive | بَخْتٍ baḵtin |
الْبَخْتِ al-baḵti |
بَخْتِ baḵti |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | بَخْتَيْن baḵtayn |
الْبَخْتَيْن al-baḵtayn |
بَخْتَيْ baḵtay |
Nominative | بَخْتَانِ baḵtāni |
الْبَخْتَانِ al-baḵtāni |
بَخْتَا baḵtā |
Accusative | بَخْتَيْنِ baḵtayni |
الْبَخْتَيْنِ al-baḵtayni |
بَخْتَيْ baḵtay |
Genitive | بَخْتَيْنِ baḵtayni |
الْبَخْتَيْنِ al-baḵtayni |
بَخْتَيْ baḵtay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | بُخُوت buḵūt |
الْبُخُوت al-buḵūt |
بُخُوت buḵūt |
Nominative | بُخُوتٌ buḵūtun |
الْبُخُوتُ al-buḵūtu |
بُخُوتُ buḵūtu |
Accusative | بُخُوتًا buḵūtan |
الْبُخُوتَ al-buḵūta |
بُخُوتَ buḵūta |
Genitive | بُخُوتٍ buḵūtin |
الْبُخُوتِ al-buḵūti |
بُخُوتِ buḵūti |
Descendants
[edit]- Algerian Arabic: بخت (baḵt)
- Egyptian Arabic: بخت (baḵt)
- Gulf Arabic: بخت (baḵt)
- Omani Arabic: بخت (baḵt)
- → Swahili: bahati
- South Levantine Arabic: بخت (baḵt)
Khalaj
[edit]Noun
[edit]بَخت (baxt, bəxt) (definite accusative بَختی or بَختؽ, plural بَختلَر or بَختلار)
Declension
[edit]Ottoman Turkish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Persian بخت (baxt, “luck, fortune”), itself from Middle Persian [script needed] (b(ʾ)ht' /baxt/, “fortune, luck”).
Noun
[edit]بخت • (baht)
- fortune, chance, the arrival of something in an unexpected manner
- luck, fortune, something favorable that happens to someone by chance
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “baht1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 439
- Devellioğlu, Ferit (1962) “baht”, in Osmanlıca-Türkçe Ansiklopedik Lûgat[1] (in Turkish), Istanbul: Türk Dil Kurumu, page 83
- Kélékian, Diran (1911) “بخت”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[2], Constantinople: Mihran, page 254
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Sors”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[3], Vienna, column 1576
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “بخت”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[4], Vienna, column 718
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “baht”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “بخت”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 343
Persian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Persian [script needed] (b(ʾ)ht' /baxt/, “fortune, luck”) which is the past stem of Middle Persian [script needed] (b(ʾ)htn', bhš- /baxtan, baxš/, “to apportion, to distribute, to allocate”) , from Proto-Iranian *bagta- (“assigned, allotted; fate”), a lexicalized past participle ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g- (“to distribute”); see there for further information.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [baxt]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [bæxt̪]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [bäχt̪]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | baxt |
Dari reading? | baxt |
Iranian reading? | baxt |
Tajik reading? | baxt |
Noun
[edit]بخت • (baxt)
- fortune, prosperity, felicity, happiness
- luck (good or bad)
- horoscope, nativity, planet, constellation
- nightmare
- kind of locust
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Arabic: بَخْت (baḵt)
- → Azerbaijani: bəxt
- → Bashkir: бәхет (bəxet)
- → Hindi: बख़्त (baxt)
- → Kazakh: бақыт (baqyt)
- → Khalaj: baxt
- → Northern Kurdish: baxt
- → Ottoman Turkish: بخت (baht)
- → Punjabi: ਬਖ਼ਤ (baxat)
- → Romani: baxt
- → Romanian: baftă
- → Urdu: بخت (baxt)
- → Uyghur: بەخت (bext)
References
[edit]- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “بخت”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
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