Cold

Cold, or Coldness refers to the condition or subjective perception of a relatively low level of heat energy, measurable by temperature scales, with a lower bound to temperature at absolute zero, defined as 0 K on the Kelvin scale, an absolute thermodynamic temperature scale. This corresponds to −273.15 °C on the Celsius scale, and −459.67 °F on the Fahrenheit scale. Metaphorically "coldness" can indicate emotional indifference or lack of empathy, contrasted with "warmth" of affections, or "heat" of passions.

• A cold coming they had of it, at this time of the year; just the worst time of the year to take a journey, and specially a long journey, in.
  • Lancelot Andrewes, Sermon 15, Of the Nativity (1622).

• Do you wish to honor the Body of the Savior? Do not despise it when it is naked. Do not honor it in church with silk vestments while outside it is naked and numb with cold. He who said, “This is my body,” and made it so by his word, is the same that said, “You saw me hungry and you gave me no food. As you did it not to the least of these, you did it not to me.” Honor him then by sharing your property with the poor. For what God needs is not golden chalices but golden souls.
  • John Chrysostom Homilies on the Gospel of Saint Matthew, Homily L

• If I was not assured by the best authority on earth that the world is to be destroyed by fire, I should conclude that the day of destruction is at hand, but brought on by means of an agent very opposite to that of heat.
  • Charles Dodgson (bishop) quoted in Life and Letters of Lewis Carroll (1898), p. 5

• People ask the way to Cold Mountain.
  Cold Mountain? There is no road that goes through.
  Even in summer the ice doesn't melt;
  Though the sun comes out, the fog is blinding.
  How can you hope to get there by aping me?
  Your heart and mine are not alike.
  If your heart were the same as mine,
  Then you could journey to the very center!
  • Hanshan, as translated by Burton Watson, in Cold Mountain: 100 Poems by the T'ang Poet Han-shan (1970)

• Here I stand
  In the light of day!
  Let the storm rage on!
  The cold never bothered me anyway!
  • Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez, in "Let It Go", in the movie Frozen (2013)

• Despite the growing interest in the field of ultracold chemistry, experimental progress has been hampered by a lack of appropriate methods to trap and cool molecules. Laser cooling, while very successful, is limited to a small number of atoms in the Periodic Table because few atoms and no molecules have closed cycling transitions. The main methods to produce cold molecules of chemical interest can be divided into two groups. Buffer gas cooling relies on collisions with cold helium in a dilution refrigerator to cool paramagnetic molecules and trap them in a magnetic trap. Super-sonic expansion is used by other methods to precool the molecules. The resulting cold molecular beams have been slowed and trapped in some experiments by interactions with pulsed electric fields Stark decelerator, by interactions with pulsed optical fields, by spinning the nozzle, and by billiardlike collisions. Finally, laser-cooled alkali-metal atoms are used to produce cold molecules via photoassociation. None of these methods have, to date, achieved the phase space densities required to observe reaction dynamics at ultracold temperatures.
  We recently demonstrated a general method to stop and eventually trap paramagnetic atoms. Our method is based on the interaction of a paramagnetic particle with pulsed magnetic fields. It operates in analogy with the Stark decelerator by reducing the kinetic energy of a para-magnetic atom passing through a series of pulsed electro-magnetic coils. The amount of kinetic energy removed by each stage is equal to the Zeeman energy shift that the atom experiences at the time the fields are switched off.
  • Edvardas Narevicius, Adam Libson, Christian G. Parthey, Isaac Chavez, Julia Narevicius, Uzi Even, and Mark G. Raizen; “Stopping supersonic oxygen with a series of pulsed electromagnetic coils: A molecular coilgun” in Physical Review A 77(5) • (May 2008).

• Future work will extend the coilgun method to trap molecules of chemical interest. Once they are in a magnetic trap, they can be cooled to near the single photon recoil limit using the method of single photon cooling, as demonstrated recently with trapped atoms. The application of this method to cooling of molecules is particularly promising.
  • Edvardas Narevicius, Adam Libson, Christian G. Parthey, Isaac Chavez, Julia Narevicius, Uzi Even, and Mark G. Raizen; “Stopping supersonic oxygen with a series of pulsed electromagnetic coils: A molecular coilgun” in Physical Review A 77(5) • (May 2008).

• Living in a cold house, apartment, or other building can cause hypothermia. In fact, hypothermia can happen to someone in a nursing home or group facility if the rooms are not kept warm enough. If someone you know is in a group facility, pay attention to the inside temperature and to whether that person is dressed warmly enough.
  People who are sick may have special problems keeping warm. Do not let it get too cold inside and dress warmly. Even if you keep your temperature between 60°F and 65°F, your home or apartment may not be warm enough to keep you safe. This is a special problem if you live alone because there is no one else to feel the chilliness of the house or notice if you are having symptoms of hypothermia.
  Here are some tips for keeping warm while you're inside:
  * Set your heat to at least 68–70°F. To save on heating bills, close off rooms you are not using. Close the vents and shut the doors in these rooms, and keep the basement door closed. Place a rolled towel in front of all doors to keep out drafts.
  * Make sure your house isn't losing heat through windows. Keep your blinds and curtains closed. If you have gaps around the windows, try using weather stripping or caulk to keep the cold air out.
  * Dress warmly on cold days even if you are staying in the house. Throw a blanket over your legs. Wear socks and slippers.
  *When you go to sleep, wear long underwear under your pajamas, and use extra covers. Wear a cap or hat.
  * Make sure you eat enough food to keep up your weight. If you don't eat well, you might have less fat under your skin. Body fat helps you to stay warm.
  *Drink alcohol moderately, if at all. Alcoholic drinks can make you lose body heat.
  *Ask family or friends to check on you during cold weather. If a power outage leaves you without heat, try to stay with a relative or friend.
  You may be tempted to warm your room with a space heater. But, some space heaters are fire hazards, and others can cause carbon monoxide poisoning. The Consumer Product Safety Commission has information on the use of space heaters.
  • National Institute of Aging, ”Cold Weather Safety for Older Adults”

• There is an apocryphal story, that when the German philosopher Goethe lay dying, he was supposed to have opened his eyes, and said, “Light. Please, God. Let me have light. I must have light.” And, a hundred years later, the Spanish philosopher Unomono, upon hearing what had been supposedly Goethe’s final statement, is suppose to have responded: “No. Impossible. Goethe would not have asked for light. Not light. He would have asked for warmth. He would have said, ‘Please, God, let me have warmth. I must have warmth. Men do not die of the darkness. They die of the cold. It is the frost that kills. And this warmth I talk of, this is the warmth of love.”’
  • Rod Serling, “The Commencement Address of Rod Serling”, Ithica College New York; (May 13,1972), p.4

• It's too cold outside for angels to fly.
  • Ed Sheeran in the song The A Team (song) (2010)

• I love thee, I love but thee,
  With a love that shall not die
  Till the sun grows cold,
  And the stars are old,
  And the leaves of the Judgment Book unfold!
  • Bayard Taylor, in "Bedouin Song" (1853), in The Poetical Works of Bayard Taylor (1907), p. 69

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