User:Jts1882/phylogeny/Neoaves

Neoaves hypotheses.

Recent large phylogenomic studies of Neoaves have led to much progress on defining orders and supraordinal groups within Neoaves, even though they have failed to come to a consensus on an overall high order topology of these groups.^[1][2][3][4] A genomic study of 48 taxa by Jarvis et al. (2014) divided Neoaves into two main clades, Columbea and Passerea, but an analysis of 198 taxa by Prum et al. (2015) recovered different groupings for the earliest split in Neoaves.^[1][2] A reanalysis with an extended dataset by Reddy et al. (2017) suggested this was due to the type of sequence data, with coding sequences favouring the Prum topology.^[3] The disagreement on topology even with large phylogenomic studies led Suh (2016) to propose a hard polytomy of nine clades as the base of Neoaves.^[5] An analysis by Houde et al. (2019) recovered Columbea and a reduced hard polytomy of six clades within Passerea.^[6]

Nevertheless, these studies do agree on a number of supraorderal groups, which Reddy et al. (2017) dubbed the "magnificent seven", which together with three "orphaned orders" make up Neoaves.^[3] Significantly, they both include a large waterbird clade (Aequornithes) and a large landbird clade (Telluraves). The groups defined by Reddy et al. (2017) are as follows:

• The "magnificent seven" supraordinal clades:

1. Telluraves (landbirds)
2. Aequornithes (waterbirds)
3. Eurypygimorphae (sunbittern, kagu and tropicbirds)
4. Otidimorphae (turacos, bustards and cuckoos)
5. Strisores (nightjars, swifts, hummingbirds and allies)
6. Columbimorphae (mesites, sandgrouse and pigeons)
7. Mirandornithes (flamingos and grebes)

• The three orphaned orders:
  • Opisthocomiformes (hoatzin)
  • Gruiformes (cranes and rails)
  • Charadriiformes (shorebirds, gulls and alcids)

Source: Neoaves (11 December 2016))

One hypothesis for the phylogeny of modern birds was presented by Jarvis et al. (2014).^[12] The following cladogram illustrates the proposed relationships, with some taxon names following Yury, T. et al. (2013).^[13]

Source: Neoaves (12 December 2017))

One hypothesis for the phylogeny of modern birds was presented by Prum, R.O. et al. (2015)^[8] The following cladogram illustrates the proposed relationships, with some taxon names following Yury, T. et al. (2013).^[14]