Rhathymini

Rhathymini
	Rhathymus sp. (female)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Apidae
Subfamily:	Apinae
Tribe:	Rhathymini; Lepeletier, 1841

The Rhathymini are a tribe of kleptoparasitic apid bees ("cuckoo bees").^[1]^[2]

Description

The Rhathymini consists of bees typically moderate to large in size, ranging 13–28 mm (0.51–1.10 in) body length.^[3]

Visually, scholars have compared their appearance to that of vespid wasps (especially Polistes), or the giant species of the bee genus Nomada.^[3]

Behavior

As a kleptoparasitic species, the Rhathymini forego the typical pollination process common amongst bee species to feed their offspring, and instead lay their eggs within the nests already provisioned by other bee species.^[1]

Rhathymini have been documented to display aggression toward other bee ecosystems, including documented instances of attacking the nests of other bees.^[1]^[4]

Genera

Nanorhathymus
Rhathymus

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Martins, Aline C.; Luz, David R.; Melo, Gabriel A. R. (July 2018). "Palaeocene origin of the Neotropical lineage of cleptoparasitic bees Ericrocidini-Rhathymini (Hymenoptera, Apidae)". Systematic Entomology. 43 (3): 510–521. Bibcode:2018SysEn..43..510M. doi:10.1111/syen.12286. ISSN 0307-6970. S2CID 89660405.
^ Michener, Charles D. (2007). The Bees of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8573-0.
^ ^a ^b Engel, Michael S.; Michener, Charles D.; Rightmyer, Molly G. (2004). "The Cleptoparasitic Bee Tribe Rhathymini (Hymenoptera: Apidae): Description of a New Genus and a Tribal Review". Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 13: 1–12.
^ Ayala, Ricardo; Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A.; Armas-Quiñonez, Ana Gabriela (2019-11-18). "A new species of Rhathymus Lepeletier amp; Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Rhathymini) from Guatemala". Zootaxa. 4700 (1): zootaxa.4700.1.7. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4700.1.7. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 32229995. S2CID 209602330.

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[acm-1] Martins, Aline C.; Luz, David R.; Melo, Gabriel A. R. (July 2018). "Palaeocene origin of the Neotropical lineage of cleptoparasitic bees Ericrocidini-Rhathymini (Hymenoptera, Apidae)". Systematic Entomology. 43 (3): 510–521. Bibcode:2018SysEn..43..510M. doi:10.1111/syen.12286. ISSN 0307-6970. S2CID 89660405.

[2] Michener, Charles D. (2007). The Bees of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8573-0.

[:0-3] Engel, Michael S.; Michener, Charles D.; Rightmyer, Molly G. (2004). "The Cleptoparasitic Bee Tribe Rhathymini (Hymenoptera: Apidae): Description of a New Genus and a Tribal Review". Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 13: 1–12.

[4] Ayala, Ricardo; Hinojosa-Díaz, Ismael A.; Armas-Quiñonez, Ana Gabriela (2019-11-18). "A new species of Rhathymus Lepeletier amp; Serville, 1828 (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Rhathymini) from Guatemala". Zootaxa. 4700 (1): zootaxa.4700.1.7. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4700.1.7. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 32229995. S2CID 209602330.

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