List of equipment of the Malaysian Army
Appearance
The equipment of the Malaysian Army can be subdivided into: ground vehicles, unmanned aerial vehicles, aircraft, watercraft, radar, air defence, infantry weapons and attire.
Ground vehicles
[edit]Vehicle | Image | Type | Origin | Quantity | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tanks | ||||||
PT-91M Pendekar | Main battle tank | Poland | 48[1][2] | Armed with 125 mm 2A46MS gun. | ||
Armoured fighting vehicles (tracked) | ||||||
ACV-300 Adnan | Infantry fighting vehicle | Turkey Malaysia |
267[3] | Built locally by DefTech. The variants included Sharpshooter 25 mm cannon, M2 Browning 12.7 mm heavy machine gun, 81 mm mortar, 2R2M 120 mm mortar, Mk19 grenade launcher, Baktar Shikan ATGM and support vehicle. | ||
K-200 KIFV | Infantry fighting vehicle | South Korea | 111[4] | The variants included M2 Browning 12.7 mm heavy machine gun, 81 mm mortar and support vehicle.[5] | ||
Bandvagn 206 | Armoured all-terrain carrier | Sweden | 80[1] | Armed with 7.62 mm GPMG.[6][7] | ||
Armoured fighting vehicles (wheeled) | ||||||
AV8 Gempita (8x8) | Infantry fighting vehicle / Armoured personnel carrier | Turkey Malaysia |
257[8] | Built locally by DefTech. The variants included Denel LCT-30 mm cannon, Sharpshooter 25 mm cannon, 12.7 mm RCWS, 2R2M 120 mm mortar, ZT3 Ingwe ATGM and support vehicle.[9] | ||
Tarantula HMAV (4x4) | Armoured personnel carrier / Mine-resistant ambush protected | Malaysia | 0+(136)[10] | 136 on order. Armed with 12.7 mm RCWS. | ||
AV4 Lipanbara (4x4) | Armoured personnel carrier / Mine-resistant ambush protected | Thailand Malaysia |
20[11] | Built locally by DefTech. Armed with M134D gatling gun.[12] | ||
Ejder Yalcin (4x4) | Armoured personnel carrier / Mine-resistant ambush protected | Turkey | 20[13] | Armed with either 7.62 mm or 12.7 mm Aselsan SARP RCWS. Used in peacekeeping missions in Lebanon. | ||
Guardian (4x4) | Armoured personnel carrier / Mine-resistant ambush protected | United Arab Emirates | 12[14] | Armed with either 7.62 mm or 12.7 mm machine gun. Used in peacekeeping missions in Lebanon. | ||
AV-VBL (4x4) | Armoured command vehicle | Brazil | 10[1] | Armed with M2 Browning 12.7 mm heavy machine gun. Command vehicle of Astros II MLRS. | ||
Light tactical vehicles / Light assault vehicles | ||||||
URO VAMTAC | Light tactical vehicle | Spain | 103+[1] | Variants include the M134D gatling gun, M2 Browning 12.7 mm heavy machine gun, Mk 19 grenade launcher as well as Igla SAM or Starstreak SAM.[15][16] | ||
Cendana Auto 4x4 | Light tactical vehicle | Malaysia | 267+[17][18][19] | Variants include 16 SF-21X special operation vehicles, 49 armed tactical ground vehicle, 132 MT-815 81 mm mortar transporters[19] and 70 fitted for radio.[20] | ||
Weststar GK-M1/M2 | Light tactical vehicle | Malaysia | 238+[21][22] | Variants include the M134D gatling gun, M2 Browning 12.7 mm heavy machine gun, Mk 19 grenade launcher, Starstreak SAM as well as fitted for radio.[23][24][25] | ||
Mercedes-Benz G-Class | Light assault vehicle | Germany | 91+[8] | 32 units installed with M2 Browning 12.7 mm heavy machine gun, 34 units installed with Mk 19 grenade launcher, 12 units installed with Metis-M ATGM and others are basic variant. | ||
Glover Webb Hornet | Light assault vehicle | United Kingdom | unknown[26] | Armed with 7.62 mm GPMG and M2 Browning 12.7 mm heavy machine gun. | ||
All terrain mobility vehicles / Scramblers | ||||||
Supacat ATMP | All terrain mobility vehicle | United Kingdom | 17[8] | Armed with 7.62 mm GPMG and some used as mortar carrier. | ||
TGB Blade 600 | All terrain mobility vehicle | Taiwan | 57[27] | 27 units for first batch and 30 units for second batch. | ||
Kawasaki KLX250S | Scrambler | Japan | 378[28] | |||
WMoto SXR 300 | Scrambler | Malaysia | 70[29] | |||
Talaria Sting R MX4 | Scrambler | China | 45[30] | |||
Multiple launch rocket systems | ||||||
Astros II MLRS | 300 mm multiple launch rocket system | Brazil | 36[31][32] | |||
Howitzers | ||||||
EVA M2 | 155 mm self-propelled howitzer | Slovakia | 0+(18)[10] | In 2024, Malaysian Army has selected the EVA M2 155 mm SPH as future self-propelled howitzer. | ||
Denel G5 | 155 mm towed howitzer | South Africa | 28[31] | |||
OTO Melara Mod 56 | 105 mm towed howitzer | Italy | 110[31] | |||
M102 | 105 mm towed howitzer | United States | 40[33] | |||
LG1 Mk III | 105 mm towed howitzer | France | 18[34] | |||
Engineering / Utility | ||||||
SJ-09 | Training tank | Poland | 1[1] | |||
WZT-4 | Armoured recovery vehicle | Poland | 6[1] | |||
MID-M | Armoured engineering tank | Poland | 3[1] | |||
PMC Leguan | Armoured vehicle launched bridge | Poland | 5[1] | |||
Vickers BR-90 | 8x8 vehicle launched bridge | United Kingdom | 3[35] | Carried on MAN SX 8x8. | ||
CNIM PFM | Vehicle launched bridge | France | 2[1][36] | |||
Oshkosh HEMTT | 8×8 heavy expanded mobility tactical truck | United States | unknown[37] | |||
Scania HEMTT | 8×8 heavy expanded mobility tactical truck | Sweden | 3[38] | |||
Dongfeng HEMTT | 8×8 heavy expanded mobility tactical truck | China | 3[39] | |||
Mercedes-Benz Actros HGMS | 8x8 heavy ground mobility system | Germany | unknown[40] | Installed with Faun Trackway. | ||
MAN TMSS | 8x8 tactical mobility support system | Germany | 2[41] | Installed with Faun Trackway. | ||
Iveco EuroTrakker | Prime mover / Tank transporter | Italy | 28[8] | |||
Volvo FL7 | Prime mover / Tank transporter | Sweden | unknown[42] | |||
Volvo FL10 LRV | 4x4 light recovery vehicle | Sweden | unknown[42] | |||
Mercedes-Benz L-Series LRV | 4x4 light recovery vehicle | Germany | 22[1][8] | |||
Isuzu FTS33H LRV | 4x4 light recovery vehicle | Japan | 13[1] | |||
Iveco Trakker 440 | 6x6 heavy recovery vehicle | Italy | 4[1] | |||
Volvo FMX | 8x8 heavy recovery vehicle | Sweden | 9[43] | 2 delivered in 2018 and 7 delivered in 2023. | ||
Scania P360 | 6x6 command centre platform | Sweden | 4[44] | Carried demountable command centre cabin. | ||
Avibras / Tectran AV-UCF | 6x6 fire control vehicle | Brazil | 6[1] | Astross II MLRS fire control vehicle carried on Tectran 6x6. | ||
Iveco EuroCargo | Transport truck | Italy | 162[45][46] | 150 units of 3 tonne GS truck. 12 units of 5 tonne GS truck. | ||
MAN TG | Transport truck | Germany | 32[38] | 3 tonne and 5 tonne MAN TGM/MAN TGS GS truck. | ||
Mercedes-Benz Atego | Transport truck | Germany | unknown[8] | |||
Tatra 815 | Transport truck | Czech Republic | unknown[8] | 5 tonne GS truck. | ||
Isuzu F Series | Transport truck | Japan | 39[1][47] | 29 transport variant in inventory at the beginning. 10 new multipurpose inventory mobile vehicle variant delivered in 2024. | ||
DefTech Handalan | Transport truck | Malaysia | 2,674[48][49] | |||
AMDAC | Transport truck | Malaysia | unknown[50] | The 4x4 and 6x6 multi-purpose vehicle locally manufactured based on Roman-DAC design.[51] | ||
Pinzgauer multi-purpose vehicle | Transport truck | Austria | 330[50] | The 4x4 and 6x6 vehicle that partially retired. Some vehicle uses as gun tower and multi-purpose carrier. | ||
Unimog | Multi-purpose vehicle | Germany | 13[47] | Installed with multi channel radio system. | ||
Iveco M4010/M4012 | Multi-purpose vehicle | Italy | 29[8] | M4010 - Field ambulance. M4012 - Communication. | ||
Iveco Daily | Multi-purpose vehicle | Italy | 61[52] | 22 units of multi channel radio system. 36 units of gun tower.[53] 3 units of tactical electronic warfare.[54] | ||
Toyota Land Cruiser Prado | Multi-purpose vehicle | Japan | unknown[55] | Installed with X-band radar. | ||
Land Rover Defender | Multi-purpose vehicle | United Kingdom | 3,600[56] | |||
DefTech/Weststar/Go Auto GS Cargo | Multi-purpose vehicle | Malaysia | 365[57][58] | |||
Toyota Hilux | Multi-purpose vehicle | Japan | unknown[1] | |||
Isuzu D-Max | Multi-purpose vehicle | Japan | unknown[1] | |||
Mitsubishi Triton | Multi-purpose vehicle | Japan | unknown[44] | |||
Ford Ranger | Multi-purpose vehicle | United States | unknown[59] | |||
Ford F550 | Field ambulance | United States | 18[60] |
Unmanned aerial vehicles
[edit]Unmanned aerial vehicle | Image | Origin | Type | Quantity | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unmanned aerial vehicles | ||||||
CTRM Aludra | Malaysia | Tactical unmanned aerial vehicle | unknown[61] | Aludra Mk1 and SR-10 in service. | ||
SCS/UST Nyamok 2.0 | Malaysia | Tactical unmanned aerial vehicle | unknown[62] | |||
Schiebel Camcopter S-100 | Austria | Tactical unmanned aerial vehicle | unknown[63] | |||
CW-25D | China | Tactical unmanned aerial vehicle | 6[64] | 6 drones and 2 command vehicles. | ||
CW-15 | China | Tactical unmanned aerial vehicle | unknown[65] | |||
CW-007 | China | Tactical unmanned aerial vehicle | unknown[65] | |||
DJI Matrice | China | Tactical unmanned aerial vehicle | unknown[62] | DJI Matrice 210 version in service. | ||
DJI Mavic | China | Tactical unmanned aerial vehicle | unknown[62] | DJI Mavic 2 version in service. | ||
SkyRanger R60 | Canada | Tactical unmanned aerial vehicle | unknown[62] |
Aircraft
[edit]Aircraft | Image | Origin | Type | Variant | Quantity | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Helicopters | ||||||
MD Helicopters MD 500 Defender | United States | Light attack helicopter | MD530G | 6[66] | Equipped with Thales Scorpion HMD and able to launch AGM-114 Hellfire. | |
AgustaWestland AW109 | Italy United Kingdom |
Scout helicopter | A109LUH | 10[67] | Armed with either a 7.62 mm gatling gun, 20 mm gun and/or rockets for area suppression missions. |
Watercraft
[edit]Watercraft | Image | Origin | Type | Quantity | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Watercraft | |||||
Powercraft Marine MAC | Malaysia | Medium assault craft | unknown | 15 meter medium assault craft.[68] | |
Powecraft Marine LCD | Malaysia | Landing craft diving | unknown | 13 meter landing craft diving.[68] | |
MRI Technologies Viper | Malaysia | Interceptor boat | 10+[69] | 8.18 meter interceptor boat powered by two 250 hp Yamaha engines. Top speed = 50kt. | |
MRI Technologies Rover Stingray | Malaysia | Interceptor boat | 10+[70] | 9.85 meter interceptor boat powered by two 250 hp Yamaha engines. Top speed = 40kt. | |
MSET FIC ALUM 1300 RHFB | Malaysia | Interceptor boat | 9+[71] | 12.20 meter interceptor powered by two 370 hp Mercury VW V8 engines. Top speed = 40kt. | |
MSET Rigid Inflatable Boat Tornado | Malaysia | Rigid hull inflatable boat | 12+[72][73] | 11.5 meter boat based on MSET RFB 1150 FAC powered by two 300 hp Suzuki engines. Top speed = 50kt. | |
Assault Boat | Malaysia | Assault boat | 100+[74] | [75] | |
Jet Ski | Malaysia | Jet ski | unknown | [76] |
Radar
[edit]Radar | Image | Origin | Type | Variant | Quantity | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Radar | ||||||
ARTHUR | Sweden | Mobile radar | 2[1][77] | |||
Giraffe | Sweden | Mobile radar | Giraffe 40 | 2[1] | ||
EADS TRML | European Union | Mobile radar | TRML 3D | 2[1][78] | ||
THALES Ground Master | France | Mobile radar | Ground Master 200 | 1[1][79] | ||
Skyguard | Switzerland | Mobile radar | 4[1][80] | |||
VERA | Czech Republic | Mobile radar | VERA E | unknown[81] | ||
Alenia Marconi Dagger | United Kingdom | Mobile radar | 3[1] | |||
Blindfire | United Kingdom | Mobile radar | 3[1][82] | |||
THALES SQUIRE | France | Mobile radar | 24[1][83] | |||
Rheinmetall Vingtaqs II | Germany | Mobile radar | 24[1][84] | |||
Rheinmetall Fieldguard | Germany | Mobile radar | Fieldguard 3 | 6[1] | ||
Hensoldt Spexer 2000 | Germany | Mobile radar | 5[85] | Probably mothballed. | ||
Aselsan Askarad | Turkey | Mobile radar | 7[1][86] | |||
Sperry X | United States | Mobile radar | 8[87] | Also known as 1206 radar in Malaysian Army service. |
Air defence
[edit]Air defense | Image | Origin | Type | Variant | Quantity | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Surface-to-air missiles | ||||||
Rapier | United Kingdom | Short range air defense | Rapier 2000 / Jernas | 15[88] | 15 Jernas launchers with more than 72 missiles.[89] | |
Starstreak | United Kingdom | Man-portable air-defense system | ForceSHIELD System | 144[90] | 24 LML/RapidRanger launchers and 120 MANPADS. Installed on URO VAMTAC and Weststar GK-M1/M2.[91][1] | |
9K38 Igla | Russia | Man-portable air-defense system | Djigit / AA Pod System | 422[1] | 40 Djigit launchers and 382 MANPADS. Installed on URO VAMTAC.[92] | |
Starburst | United Kingdom | Man-portable air-defense system | 152 mm | 504[1] | To be replaced by Starstreak SAM.[93] | |
Javelin | United Kingdom | Man-portable air-defense system | 76 mm | 60[1] | To be replaced by Starstreak SAM. | |
Anza | Pakistan | Man-portable air-defense system | 72 mm | 600[94] | 100 Anza Mk.I systems delivered for the first batch and 500 Anza MK.II systems delivered for the second batch.[95][89][96] | |
FN-6 | China | Man-portable air-defense system | 72 mm | 64[1] | [92][97][89] | |
Anti-aircraft artillery | ||||||
Bofors 40 mm Automatic Gun L/70 | Sweden | Anti-aircraft artillery | 40 mm | 36[98] | [99] | |
Oerlikon GDF | Switzerland | Anti-aircraft artillery | 35 mm | 28[98] |
Infantry weapons
[edit]Weapon | Image | Type | Calibre | Variant | Origin | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pistols | |||||||
Beretta 92 | Pistol | 9×19mm Parabellum | M92F/S | Italy | Used by 10th Parachute Brigade and 21 Grup Gerak Khas (GGK). | ||
Browning High-Power | Pistol | 9×19mm Parabellum | Mk.III | Belgium | Standard issue sidearms for senior-rank officers and special forces. | ||
Glock 17 | Pistol | 9×19mm Parabellum | Austria | Issued to all infantry units as part of the Future Soldier System Program. | |||
SIG Sauer P226 | Pistol | 9×19mm Parabellum | Switzerland | Used by 10th Parachute Brigade and 21 GGK. | |||
HS2000 | Pistol | 9×19mm Parabellum | Croatia | Used by 10th Parachute Brigade. | |||
Zigana | Pistol | 9×19mm Parabellum | PX-9 | Turkey | [100][101] | ||
Shotguns | |||||||
Benelli M4 | Shotgun | 12 gauge | M4 Super 90 | Italy | Used by GGK. | ||
Franchi SPAS-12 | Shotgun | 12 gauge | Italy | Used by GGK. | |||
Remington Model M870 | Shotgun | 12 gauge | United States | Used by 10th Parachute Brigade and Royal Malay Regiment. | |||
Submachine guns | |||||||
SIG MPX | Submachine gun | 9×19mm Parabellum | MPX-K | Germany | 155 units ordered in 2022.[102] | ||
Heckler & Koch MP5 | Submachine gun | 9×19mm Parabellum | MP5A3 MP5K-A4 MP5SD3 |
West Germany | Standard army submachine gun.[92] Also used by 10th Parachute Brigade and GGK. Used in night operations, close quarters, hostage rescue and escort. | ||
Beretta PMX | Submachine gun | 9×19mm Parabellum | Italy | 47 units delivered in June 2022.[103] | |||
Assault rifles | |||||||
M4 carbine | Carbine | 5.56×45mm NATO | M4 M4A1 |
United States Malaysia |
Standard issue rifle. Made under licence by SME Ordnance.[104] Used along with Steyr AUG. Under production. | ||
Steyr AUG | Assault rifle | 5.56×45mm NATO | AUG-A1 | Austria Malaysia |
Made under licence by SME Ordnance. Used by Royal Intelligence Corps, Royal Malay Regiment and GGK. Used along with M4 carbine. | ||
M16 rifle | Assault rifle | 5.56×45mm NATO | M16A1 M16A4 |
United States | Used by the Territorial Army / Rejimen Askar Wataniah and ceremonial. Virtually phased out. M16A4 versions used by 10th Parachute Brigade. | ||
CAR-15 | Carbine | 5.56×45mm NATO | Model 653 | United States | Used by 10th Parachute Brigade. Virtually phased out. Replaced by M4 carbine. | ||
Heckler & Koch HK33 | Assault rifle | 5.56×45mm NATO | HK33A2 | West Germany | Used by 10th Parachute Brigade. Virtually phased out. | ||
SIG SG 550 | Carbine | 5.56×45mm NATO | SG 553 | Switzerland | Used by Royal Intelligence Corps and GGK. | ||
Colt CM901 | Battle rifle | 7.62×51mm NATO | United States | Issued to specific infantry units. | |||
Sniper rifles | |||||||
Barrett M95 | Anti-materiel rifle | 12.7×99mm NATO | United States | Used by GGK.[105] | |||
Barrett M82 | Anti-materiel rifle | 12.7×99mm NATO | M107 M107A1 |
United States | Standard issue anti-materiel rifle for Infantry Battalion alongside Harris Gun Works M-96. Used by 10th Parachute Brigade.[106] 40 additional units ordered in 2020.[107] | ||
Harris Gun Works M-96 | Anti-materiel rifle | 12.7×99mm NATO | United States | Standard issue anti-material rifle for Infantry Regiment.[105] | |||
Denel NTW-20 | Anti-materiel rifle | 20×82mm Mauser | South Africa | Used by 10th Parachute Brigade and GGK.[106] | |||
Sako TRG | Sniper rifle | .308 Winchester | TRG-22 | Finland | Used by GGK.[108] | ||
Accuracy International Arctic Warfare | Sniper rifle | .308 Winchester | United Kingdom | Used by 10th Parachute Brigade and GGK. | |||
AX308 | Sniper rifle | 7.62×51mm NATO | United Kingdom | Standard issue sniper rifle for 10th Parachute Brigade.[109] 28 additional units ordered in 2020.[107] | |||
Heckler & Koch PSG1 | Sniper rifle | 7.62×51mm NATO | MSG-90A1 | Germany | Used by GGK. | ||
Barrett REC-10 | Designated marksman rifle | 7.62×51mm NATO | United States | Used by GGK. | |||
Machine guns | |||||||
RPK | Light machine gun | 5.45×39mm M74 | RPK-74 | Soviet Union | Used by GGK.[106] | ||
FN Minimi | Light machine gun | 5.56×45mm NATO | Mk.II Mk.III |
Belgium | Belt-fed but can be used with STANAG magazines. Standard issue light machine gun. 240 additional units ordered in 2020.[110] | ||
Heckler & Koch HK21 | General-purpose machine gun | 7.62×51mm NATO | HK11 | West Germany | Standard issue general purpose machine gun for Territorial Army / Rejimen Askar Wataniah. | ||
M60 machine gun | General-purpose machine gun | 7.62×51mm NATO | M60E1 | United States | Mounted on K200 KIFV.[111] | ||
FN MAG | General purpose machine gun | 7.62×51mm NATO | MAG 58 | Belgium | Standard general purpose machine gun. It can be attached to both navy assault vessels and tripods. | ||
M134 Minigun | Gatling machine gun | 7.62×51mm NATO | M134D | United States | Mounted on AV4 Lipanbara, Weststar GK-M1/M2 and AW109. | ||
M2 Browning | Heavy machine gun | 12.7×99mm NATO | United States | Standard issue heavy machine gun. Mounted on vehicles or tripods. | |||
CANiK M2 QCB | Heavy machine gun | 12.7×99mm NATO | Turkey | [112] | |||
Remote controlled weapon stations | |||||||
Aselsan SARP | Remote controlled weapon station | 7.62×51mm or 12.7×99mm NATO | Turkey | Mounted on Ejder Yalcin.[113] | |||
Reutech Rogue | Remote controlled weapon station | 12.7×99mm NATO | South Africa | Mounted on AV8 Gempita. | |||
Grenade-based weapons | |||||||
Milkor MGL | Multi-shot grenade launcher | 40 mm grenade | South Africa | Standard issue grenade launcher. | |||
M79 grenade launcher | Single-shot grenade launcher | 40 mm grenade | United States | Used by GGK.[114] | |||
M203 grenade launcher | Under-barrel grenade launcher | 40 mm grenade | M203 M203A2 |
United States | Attached to M4 and M16. | ||
Mk 19 grenade launcher | Automatic grenade launcher | 40 mm grenade | United States | Belt-fed. | |||
M67 grenade | Fragmentation grenade | United States | |||||
M18 smoke grenade | Smoke grenade | United States | |||||
M84 stun grenade | Stun grenade | United States | |||||
Mortars | |||||||
2R2M mortar | Heavy mortar | 120 mm mortar | France United States |
16 2R2M installed on ACV-300 Adnan and AV8 Gempita.[115][1] | |||
2B14 Podnos | Mortar | 82 mm mortar | Soviet Union | ||||
L16 81mm mortar | Mortar | 81 mm mortar | United Kingdom | ||||
Expal M86 mortar | Mortar | 81 mm mortar | Spain | [116] | |||
Tecnesis 3000 | Mortar | 81 mm mortar | Spain | 72 units ordered in 2020. Installed on Cendana Auto 4x4.[117] | |||
Denel Vektor M8 mortar | Mortar | 81 mm mortar | South Africa | [118] | |||
M6 mortar | Mortar | 60 mm mortar | Austria | [119] | |||
M70 Commando mortar | Mortar | 60 mm mortar | Yugoslavia | [120] | |||
Esperanza mortar | Mortar | 60 mm mortar | Spain | [121] | |||
Anti-tank weapons | |||||||
NLAW | Anti-tank guided missile | 150 mm HEAT | United Kingdom Sweden |
500 in inventory.[1] Used by GGK and 10th Parachute Brigade.[122] | |||
Eryx | Anti-tank guided missile | 137 mm HEAT | France | 274 in inventory.[1] Used by 10th Parachute Brigade.[92][123] | |||
9K115-2 Metis-M | Anti-tank guided missile | 130 mm HEAT | Russia | 100 in inventory.[1] Mounted on Mercedes-Benz G-Class.[124] | |||
ZT3 Ingwe | Anti-tank guided missile | 127 mm HEAT | South Africa | 54 units of four-tube launcher turret and 216 missiles in inventory.[1] Mounted on AV8 Gempita.[125] | |||
KARAOK | Anti-tank guided missile | 125 mm HEAT | Turkey | 18 launcher and 108 missiles on order. Mounted on Cendana Auto 4x4.[126] | |||
Baktar-Shikan | Anti-tank guided missile | 120 mm HEAT | Pakistan | 450 in inventory.[1] Mounted on ACV-300 Adnan.[96] | |||
C90-CR | Rocket-propelled grenade | 90 mm HEAT | Spain | In service since 1990.[92] 780 additional units ordered in 2024.[127] | |||
Carl Gustaf 8.4 cm recoilless rifle | Recoilless rifle | 84 mm | M2/M3/M4 | Sweden | Standard issue anti-tank weapon. M2 and M3 variant in service. 110 additional units of M4 variant ordered in 2021.[128] | ||
AT4 | Recoilless rifle | 84 mm | Sweden | Used by GGK.[129] | |||
M72 LAW | Rocket-propelled grenade | 66 mm HEAT | Norway | In service since 2015.[130] 800 additional units ordered in 2024.[131] | |||
RPG-7 RBR-7 |
Rocket-propelled grenade | 40 mm HEAT | Pakistan Romania Serbia |
Standard issue rocket-propelled grenade.[132] 150 additional units of RBR-7 ordered in 2021.[38] | |||
M40 recoilless rifle | Recoilless rifle | 105 mm | United States | 24 in inventory.[133] |
Attire
[edit]Current attire | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Attire | Pattern name(s) | Pattern | Image | Notes | |
Digital Pattern or Harimau Belang Pattern |
Digital Woodland Pattern or Harimau Belang Pattern 90 |
|
The Malaysian Armed Forces (Malay: Angkatan Tentera Malaysia, ATM) introduced the Uniform No.5 with new digital camo patterns during ATM's 80th Anniversary Parade on 21 September 2013. The new woodland pattern is well known as Fabrik Celoreng Corak Digital Tentera Darat is made from 65% cotton / 35% polyester ripstop fabrics. Its colour scheme consists of green (40%), beige (30%), dark brown (25%), and dark blue (5%). Digital pattern manufactured by Sritex (PT Sri Rejeki Isman Tbk).[134]
Locally known as "Baju Celoreng Harimau Belang". Since there are black stripes on a 4-colour woodland background, also known as "Zebra Camo" or "Malay Tigerstripes". This camo was initially adopted by Malaysian Army 10th Para Brigade in Langkawi. | ||
Harimau Gurun Desert Pattern | It is a variant of Malay Tigerstripe Woodland pattern but with earth-brown stripes on a light green and sand-coloured background. Used by Malbatt, part of Malaysian Army peacekeeping corps in Lebanon under UN. Known to be manufactured by Sritex.[134] | ||||
Physical Fitness Uniform |
Historical equipment
[edit]Ground vehicles
[edit]- FV101 Scorpion[135]
- Alvis Stormer
- SIBMAS[136]
- Condor APC[137]
- Cadillac Gage Commando[33]
- Panhard AML[1]
- Panhard M3[1]
- Ferret[1]
- Daimler[138]
Artillery
[edit]Procurement
[edit]Since the recovery from the 1997 economic crisis, Malaysian Army, along with other branches of the Malaysian Armed Forces, has regained momentum in its modernising programs.
Modernisation program | Asset | Origin | Type | Quantity | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Personnel equipment | ||||||
Future Soldier System Program | Sapura SAKTI Soldier System | Malaysia | Soldier equipment | Ongoing | The Malaysian Army currently has a soldier modernisation program called the Future Soldier System (FSS). Under the FSS, The Malaysian Army plans to equip all soldiers with Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) such as Kevlar helmets, Kevlar vests, Oakley goggles and ear protection equipment. The programme also includes arming all the standard issue M4 carbines with SOPMOD kits, as well as equipping soldiers with a Glock series pistol.[139][140] Sapura, a Malaysian electronics company, is offering their SAKTI Soldier System concept via work in three areas: Head Sub-System (HSS), Body Sub-System (BSS) and Weapon Sub-System (WSS). The FSS in conjunction with the Network Centric Operation (NCO) System, will give the three branches of the Armed Forces a shared situational awareness, interoperability and a common operating picture via a X-band satellite-based link and an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system, with hopes to enable self-synchronisation for all three branches.[141] The programme will go through several phases, with Phase 1A (the implementation of the Mobile X-band satellite communication linked) and Phase 2 (the demonstration of the capabilities of the FSS with NCO) being successful and operational in 2017.[142] | |
Light Anti-Structure Weapon Program | C90-CR M72 LAW |
Spain United States |
Anti-structure weapon | 1500 units on order | Request for bids issued on 2021.[143] Based on Multimodal Transport Operator (MTO), Teguh Hiasan Sdn Bhd was awarded a RM41.2 million contract for the supply and delivery of 1500 units anti-structure weapon although no type of selected weapons was revealed.[144] | |
Light Anti-Tank Weapon Program | C90-CR | Spain | Anti-tank weapon | 780 units on order | 780 units ordered in 2024.[145] | |
Light Anti-Tank Weapon Enhance Capability (LAW-EC) Program | M72 LAW | United States | Anti-tank weapon | 800 units on order | 800 units ordered in 2024.[131] | |
Anti-Tank Guided Weapon Medium Range (ATGW-MR) Program | KARAOK | Turkey | Anti-tank weapon | 18 launcher and 108 missiles on order | Request for bids issued on 2023. Will be installed on Cendana Auto 4x4.[146] The Malaysian Ministry of Defense announced that the winner of the tender is Roketsan KARAOK. The 18 Roketsan KARAOK ATGW-MR systems to be purchased will come with a total of 108 missiles, six for each launcher. The package will also include an indoor simulator, three outdoor simulators, components and three transparent missiles for testing equipment.[147] | |
Armoured vehicle | ||||||
Condor (4x4) Replacement Program | HMAV Mildef Tarantula HMAV 4x4 HMLTV Mildef Rentaka HMLTV 4x4 |
Malaysia Malaysia |
High mobility armoured vehicle High mobility light tactical vehicle |
136 on order 54 - 80 planned |
About 200 vehicles planned for the HMAV.[148] The budget approved for the program is 136 vehicles.[10] 54 - 80 vehicles planned.[149] | |
SIBMAS (6x6) Replacement Program | FNSS Pars 6x6 Otokar Arma 6×6 Hanwha Tigon 6×6 Doosan DST Black Fox 6×6 Hyundai Rotem K806 6×6 Pindad Anoa 6×6 VBTP-MR Guarani 6x6 |
Turkey South Korea Indonesia Brazil |
Infantry fighting vehicle / Armoured personnel carrier | 200 - 400 planned | About 250-400 vehicle were request by the army.[150] The contenders of this program are FNSS Pars 6×6 and Otokar Arma 6×6 from Turkey, Hanwha Tigon 6×6, Doosan DST Black Fox 6×6, Hyundai Rotem K806 6×6 from South Korea, Pindad Anoa 6×6 from Indonesia and VBTP-MR Guarani 6×6 from Brazil.[151] While another Malaysian company AVP Engineering has teamed up with a South Korean-defence company Doosan DST to offer Black Fox 6x6 wheeled armoured vehicle if it was selected by the Malaysian government.[152] Hanwha and FNSS also offered their armoured vehicle to be evaluate by Malaysian Army which is Tigon 6x6 and Pars 6x6 respectively.[151] | |
Artillery | ||||||
Self-Propelled Howitzer Program | EVA M2 155 mm 6×6 | Slovakia | Self-propelled howitzer | 18 on order | The United States reportedly agreed to transfer a total of 29 pieces of M109 howitzer artillery to the Malaysian Army but this deal was cancelled at the last minute.[153][154] After the cancellation the M109A5, Malaysian government expressed to buy CAESAR SPH 6×6 and MKEK Yavuz T-155 6×6 from France and Turkey.[155] During DSA 2022, Nexter Group with a Malaysian company, Advance Defence System Sdn. Bhd. has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to provide CAESAR 6×6 to Malaysian Army and assemble it locally. In DSA 2022, BAE System Bofors from Sweden has offered their Archer 6×6 SPH and Malaysian company, Weststar Defence also has offered their joint venture SPH with a Slovak company, Koñstrukta (probably from Eva 155 mm 6×6 SPH design). Another interested contenders are Zuzana 2 8×8 SPH, also from Slovakia, Nora B-52 from Serbia, Denel T5-52 from South Africa and SH-15 155 mm SPH from China.[156] It is reported that in October 2024, Malaysian Army has selected the EVA M2 155 mm SPH as future self-propelled howitzer.[10] | |
Short Range Air Defense System Program | Starstreak (SAM) | United Kingdom Malaysia |
Surface-to-air-missile system | Approved | There is also a requirement for an upgrade to the current air defense network. Malaysian defence company, Weststar Defence Industries and its subsidiary Global Komited, has partnered with British air defence company, Thales for the distribution of surface-to-air missile to the Malaysian Army.[157] |
See also
[edit]- List of equipment of the Royal Malaysian Navy
- List of equipment of the Royal Malaysian Air Force
- List of aircraft of the Malaysian Armed Forces
- List of equipment of the Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
- List of vehicles of the Royal Malaysian Police
- List of police firearms in Malaysia
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao "SIPRI arms transfer database". Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. Archived from the original on 14 April 2010. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
- ^ "The Star - Malaysia buys tanks from Poland". www.thestar.com.my.
- ^ "Capabilities & Facilities". DefTech. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
- ^ "Malaysian Defence - Adnan and MIFV". www.malaysiandefence.com.
- ^ John Pike. "K-200 Korean Infantry Fighting Vehicle". Global Security. Archived from the original on 15 October 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
- ^ "The Swedish Bv206 Troop Carrier". TankNutDave.com. Archived from the original on 17 February 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
- ^ DSEi 2003 international arms market – Companies exhibiting at DSEi 2003 (PDF). Campaign Against Arms Trade. September 2003. p. 11/44. ISBN 0-9543329-3-8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 5 March 2017. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Deftech - Capabilities and Facilities". www.deftech.com.my. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
- ^ Dzirhan Mahadzir (4 October 2015). "Malaysian Army chief bullish on AV8 deliveries". IHS Jane's 360. Archived from the original on 7 October 2015. Retrieved 5 October 2015.
- ^ a b c d "Its Leased AW149 Helicopters for the Army As Well".
- ^ "D&S2015: ชัยเสรี พร้อมส่งมอบ AV4 First Win ให้มาเลเซียในปีหน้า/Chaiseri ready to deliver the AV4 First Win to Malaysia by 2016 (UPDATED)" (in Thai and English). Royal Thai Armed Forces. 3 October 2013. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
- ^ Dzirhan Mahadzir (14 October 2015). "Malaysia's First Win MRAPs bound for ESSCOM area of operations". IHS Jane's 360. Archived from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
- ^ "DSA 2022: Malaysian UNIFIL contingent to receive Ejder Yalçin 4x4s | Shephard".
- ^ "Malaysian Defence - The More The Merrier".
- ^ Marhalim Abas (11 March 2015). "Army 82nd Anniversary Demo". Malaysian Defence. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
- ^ Marhalim Abas (26 April 2008). "DSA 2008: More Pictures". Malaysian Defence. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
- ^ At the beginning; from the total of 207 units of all variant, 72 units were the Mortar Transporter. In 2024, it is confirmed that the army has increased the order from 72 units to 132 units of the Mortar Transporter bringing the total number of 267 units of all variant.
- ^ "DSA 2022: Cendana set to complete major 4x4 delivery schedule by year-end | Shephard".
- ^ a b "More Mortars For The Army, Part 3".
- ^ "Cendana Auto-The New Defence Player". malaysiandefence.com.
- ^ "Our Five Favourite Vehicles Of The Malaysian Army - Insights - Carlist.my". Carlist.my - Malaysia's No.1 Car Site.
- ^ "Its the Guardian Extreme for GOF APC".
- ^ "Weststar GK-M1 Weapon Platform - Malaysian Defence".
- ^ "Malaysia signed deal for UK made SAMs - Malaysian Defence".
- ^ "More Starstreak Firings - Malaysian Defence".
- ^ "GGK SOV". malaysiandefence.com.
- ^ "More ATVs for the Army, Part 2". malaysiandefence.com.
- ^ "Scrambler For Op Benteng". malaysiandefence.com.
- ^ "4 Divisyen Terima 70 Motorsikal Scrambler". airtimes.my. 19 May 2021.
- ^ "Tentera Darat peroleh e-bike Talaria Sting R MX4 dari Nizra Industries".
- ^ a b c "Armstrade SIPRI".
- ^ Mohd Asron Mustapha (21 April 2010). "Astross II: Kuasa membunuh digeruni musuh". Utusan Malaysia (in Malay). Archived from the original on 24 December 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
- ^ a b "SIPRI arms transfer database". Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. 17 June 2011. Archived from the original on 14 April 2010. Retrieved 17 June 2011.
- ^ "Malaysia Receives First Batch of Nexter 105mm LG1".
- ^ "Malaysia Orders Vickers Bridging System".
- ^ "Floating Bridge gets stronger [DSEI17D3] | Jane's 360".
- ^ "US DOD".
- ^ a b c "More New Stuff for The Army". Malaysian Defence. 26 October 2022.
- ^ "Dongfeng Prime Movers for the Army".
- ^ "When It Rains It Pours".
- ^ "Beretta Once More".
- ^ a b "50 Years of Volvo Lorries in Malaysia". TheSunDaily.
- ^ "Army Takes Delivery of Recovery Trucks - Malaysian Defence".
- ^ a b "Vehicles for the Army, March 2024".
- ^ "Army Recapitalisation Programme".
- ^ "Malaysian Defence - Defence Ministry Contracts DSA 2022".
- ^ a b "Goose M4, Unimogs and GK-M2 FFR Delivered".
- ^ "Capabilities & Facilities". DefTech. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 March 2016.
HICOM Handalan I (1,553 units) + HICOM Handalan II (707 units) + 414 (414 ordered under three different tenders since 2019) = 2,674 units
- ^ "More Three Tonne Trucks for the Army".
- ^ a b "New Trucks for the Army".
- ^ "Trucks Planet-AMDAC".
- ^ "Rare Army Vehicle Spotted In The Wild".
- ^ "Iveco Gun Towers".
- ^ "Another Iveco Daily in Army Service".
- ^ "FSS Platoon NCO Ecercise".
- ^ "Malaysia Weststar To Replace Military 4x4 Vehicles". 20 April 2012.
- ^ "Last Post for Landys".
- ^ "Weststar GS Cargo New 4x4 Light Tactical Cargo Troop Carrier". armyrecognition.com.
- ^ "More Stuff for GGK".
- ^ "Ford F550 4x4 Field Ambulances".
- ^ "Deftech Debuts Logistics Condor Vehicle - Malaysian Defence".
- ^ a b c d "Covid19 - Malaysia enlist uas to enforce countermeasures". Janes. 10 June 2020.
- ^ "Schiebel CAMCOPTER® S-100 deployed for River Pollution Crisis in Malaysia". 14 January 2020.
- ^ "Air Times News Network - Tentera Darat terima 6 unit UAS pertingkat operasi perisikan taktikal KRD".
- ^ a b "Portal Rasmi TDM - Mesyuarat Jawatankuasa Keperluan Operasi Tentera Darat (JKKOTD) Khas Siri 5/2023".
- ^ "MD530G Delivery Date".
- ^ "AgustaWestland Hands Over The First Malaysian A109LOH". AgustaWestland. 8 December 2005. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
- ^ a b "Powercraft Marine Official Page".
- ^ "Shepard - MRI Scans Special Forces Boat Requirement".
- ^ "Shepard - MRI Scans Special Forces Boat Requirement".
- ^ "MSET - Product".
- ^ "MSET - Product".
- ^ "Sultan Johor kurnia bot 'Tornado' bernilai RM1.2 juta kepada 21 GGK (In Malay)". 5 April 2021.
- ^ "Assault boat for the army".
- ^ "Jambatan runtuh, pelajar ke sekolah naik bot tempur (In Malay)". 10 January 2022.
- ^ "Assault Boats For The Army".
- ^ "Army Technology-SAAB Team Up to Support the Hellenic Armys Arthur Systems". 19 December 2013.
- ^ "Defense Aerospace-Malaysia Orders EADS Radar".
- ^ "Thales Group-Asia Pasific Malaysia Defence". 10 March 2022.
- ^ "The Malaysian Reserve-BHIC Secures RM15m Military Contract".
- ^ "Army.CZ-Detail".
- ^ "Malaysia Confirm Purchase of Jernas and Russian System".
- ^ "Defense Aerospace-Client".
- ^ "Rheinmetall Awarded Malaysian Surveillance and Recon Systems Contract". defenseworld.net.
- ^ "New Radars for ESSCOM".
- ^ "Aselsan Defense Giant in Global Top 100 List".
- ^ "1206 Radars Upgraded".
- ^ "Rapier jernas".
- ^ a b c Dzirhan Mahadzir; Christopher F Foss (5 May 2015). "Malaysian Army sets out plans for more MBTs". IHS Jane's 360. Archived from the original on 7 May 2015. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
- ^ "Malaysian Defence - I can see clearly now". www.malaysiandefence.com.
- ^ Pierre Tran (15 September 2015). "Malaysia, UK Sign Starstreak Deal". Defense News. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
- ^ a b c d e Malaysia Army Weapon Systems Handbook. Int'l Business Publications. 1 May 2007. ISBN 978-1-4330-6180-6.
- ^ Jon Grevatt (2 August 2015). "Malaysian Starstreak deal to feature trade-in of Starburst missiles". IHS Jane's 360. Archived from the original on 20 August 2015. Retrieved 2 August 2015.
- ^ Philip Alpers; Peter Batchelor; Aaron Karp; Anna Khakee; Keith Krause; Emile LeBrun; Maxim Pyadushkin; Siemon Wezeman (2004). "Big Issue, Big Problem? MANPADS" (PDF). Small Arms Survey. pp. 12/22 (87). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
- ^ "Defense & Security Intelligence & Analysis: IHS Jane's | IHS". articles.janes.com. Retrieved 25 August 2019.
- ^ a b Dzirhan Mahadzir; Christopher F. Foss (2 November 2006). "Proceedings of One Day International Conference on Pakistan–Malaysia Relations: Towards a Smart Partnership" (PDF). University of Sindh, Pakistan. Far East & Southeast Asia. p. 31 (36/154). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 March 2016. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
- ^ "Tentera Darat puas hati kemampuan FN-6". Utusan Malaysia (in Malay). 25 May 2010. Archived from the original on 5 April 2015. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
- ^ a b c IISS (2012), p. 265
- ^ "Malaysia Malaysian army land ground forces military equipment armoured armored vehicle UK". www.armyrecognition.com. Retrieved 26 October 2019.
- ^ Acar, İbrahım (8 April 2019). "Turkish firearms firm to establish factory in Malaysia". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
- ^ sabah, daily (2 April 2019). "Turkish firearms firm signs deal with Malaysian company for joint production of police weapons". Daily Sabah. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
- ^ "GGK Sub-Gun Tender Awarded".
- ^ "Beretta SMGs Out in The Wild".
- ^ Steve Johnson (5 June 2012). "Malaysia's SME Ordnance M4 Carbine". The Firearm Blog.com. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
- ^ a b Thompson, Leroy (December 2008). "Malaysian Special Forces". Special Weapons. Retrieved 14 March 2010.
- ^ a b c Thompson, Leroy (December 2008). "Malaysian Special Forces". Special Weapons. Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 10 February 2010.
- ^ a b "Malaysian Defence-Barrets, Expal and FCS".
- ^ "GGK's Long Guns and an RIV too – edited". malaysiandefence.com. Archived from the original on 20 March 2015. Retrieved 31 January 2015.
- ^ "Accuracy International AX (Series)". 28 December 2018.
- ^ "Malaysian Defence-Trucks,FFR, LMG, and Snifer Rifle for Army".
- ^ "Malaysian Special Forces". Tactical Life. 3 December 2008. Retrieved 24 December 2014.
- ^ "Malaysia Picks CANiK M2 QCB from SYS for Its Heavy Machine Gun Needs".
- ^ "Shepard - DSA 2022: Malaysian UNIFIL contingent to receive Ejder Yalçin 4x4".
- ^ Jones, Richard D. Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010. Jane's Information Group; 35 edition (January 27, 2009). ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5.
- ^ "Firepower Exercise 2017". Malaysian Defence. 22 May 2017.
- ^ "Barrets, Expal and FCS".
- ^ "More Mortars for the Army, May 2024. Updated".
- ^ "More Whoop A.. Stuff".
- ^ "More Stuff Delivered for The Army, October 2023".
- ^ "Mortars and Submarine Rescue".
- ^ "PULADA Demonstrasi Kuasa Tembak". 28 February 2021.
- ^ "NLAW for the Army - Malaysian Defence".
- ^ Ralf Emmers; Joseph Liow (7 April 2006). Order and Security in Southeast Asia: Essays in Memory of Michael Leifer. Routledge. pp. 156–. ISBN 978-1-134-22662-7.
- ^ Theo Kiến Thức. "Diem mat sat thu diet tang co mat manh nhat DNA" (in Vietnamese). Viet Bao. Archived from the original on 9 March 2016. Retrieved 9 March 2016.
- ^ "Denel inks R3.5 billion deal with Malaysia". defenceweb.co.za. defenceweb. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
- ^ "Black Arrow – The Turkish Delights".
- ^ "Spanish LAW RFB".
- ^ "Goose M4 Coming".
- ^ "Shepard Media-Malaysia Replenish Anti-tank Weapon Inventory".
- ^ "Army Getting M72 LAW - Malaysian Defence". Retrieved 17 October 2019.
- ^ a b "More LAWs for Paras".
- ^ "New Training Device Army".
- ^ Military Balance 2016, p. 272.
- ^ a b "RRI - Seragam Militer Produksi Perusahaan Jateng Mendunia".
- ^ "Scorpions to be Retired - Malaysian Defence".
- ^ "Condor and Sibmas declared obsolete and retired".
- ^ "Condor and Sibmas declared obsolete and retired".
- ^ "Surviving Daimler Armoured Cars" (PDF). France. 3 December 2016. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
- ^ Marhalim Abas (28 February 2015). "Army's RMK11 Wish List Part 2". Malaysian Defence. Archived from the original on 19 March 2015. Retrieved 1 March 2015.
- ^ Marhalim Abas (2 March 2013). "AV8FS". Malaysian Defence. Archived from the original on 11 January 2015. Retrieved 1 March 2015.
- ^ "Continue funding NCO Programme". Malaysia Defense. 17 May 2016.
- ^ "FSS Platoon at NCO Exercise". Malaysian Defence. 12 May 2017.
- ^ "Light Anti-Structure Weapons For Commandos".
- ^ "More Eco-Friendly Training Grenades".
- ^ "Spanish LAW RFB".
- ^ "Five Bidders For ATGW-MR".
- ^ "KARAOK Füzesinin ilk ihracat durağı Malezya" (in Turkish). 5 September 2023. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
- ^ "The Merrier, HMAV and HMLTV".
- ^ "The Merrier, HMAV and HMLTV, Part 2".
- ^ "Condor Replacement Programme Part - Malaysian Defence".
- ^ a b "Hyundai Rotem Tawar Kenderaan Perisai "K806" untuk Tentera Darat Malaysia".
- ^ Wong, Kelvin (3 October 2016). "Hanwha pitches Black Fox at Asia Pacific and Middle East markets". London (Singapore): Jane's Information Group. Archived from the original on 4 October 2016. Retrieved 24 December 2016.
- ^ "Going, Going... Gone Part 2... - Malaysian Defence".
- ^ Marhalim Abas (2 March 2016). "Army 83rd Birthday". Malaysian Defence. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
- ^ "Now More Than Ever".
- ^ "Meriam Bergerak 155mm Manakah Menjadi Pilihan Tentera Darat?". 7 April 2022.
- ^ "More Short Range SAMs In RMK12, Hopefully".
- International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) (2012). "The Military Balance 2012". The Military Balance: Annual Estimates of the Nature and Size of the Military Forces of the Principal Powers. London: IISS. ISSN 0459-7222.
- International Institute for Strategic Studies (February 2016). The Military Balance 2016. Vol. 116. Routlegde. ISBN 9781857438352.