List of bridges with buildings

There are very few bridges with buildings in the world. This list attempts to identify all the existing ones and notable former ones featuring significant closed commercial, residential, governmental, or religious worship structures. There exist numerous proposals for inhabited bridges, including 73 designs submitted in the Royal Institute of British Architects' competition at the 800th anniversary of London Bridge,^[1] but the table here presents only bridges actually built. Various blogs and magazines itemize a small number of them.^[2]^[3]^[4] Many bridges include pavilions or other shelters serving pedestrians crossing the bridge, without providing commercial, residential, governmental, or religious worship space; these are not included.

Some "covered" or "roofed" bridges, such as Pont de Rohan, in Landerneau, and the Pont des Marchands, in Narbonne, both in France, have residential buildings; these two are among at least 45 inhabited bridges in Europe. Other covered bridges in Germany,^[5] the United States, and elsewhere might be seen as "buildings" in that their roof protects an enclosed area, but the purpose of the covering is to preserve the structure and the enclosed space is primarily for traffic to pass through. The term "covered bridges" is also used for structures in China such as Chengyang Bridge (1912) and Xijin Bridge (rebuilt 1718) which have large enclosed spaces, but for these it appears that space is not provided for commercial or residential use.

The term "covered bridge" is sometimes used broadly to describe any "bridge-like structure" that is covered by a roof. However, bridge-like structures such as Heilig-Geist-Spital, a hospital built out over two arched spans into the Pegnitz river in Nuremberg, but which did not ever provide a complete crossing to the other side, are not included, nor are certain other bridge-like structures that provide complete spans but are not open to the public for crossing.

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Bridges having buildings (with significant commercial, residential, governmental, or religious worship space) include:

Australia

Bridge	Image	Location	River	Dates	Note
Walter Taylor Bridge		Brisbane, Queensland27°30′21″S 152°58′25″E / 27.505773°S 152.973606°E / -27.505773; 152.973606 (Walter Taylor Bridge)	Suspension bridge across Brisbane River	Opened 1936	Included residential space for "bridge-keeper" and family, no longer in use. Asserted to be the only habitable bridge in the southern hemisphere.^[6]

Bulgaria

Bridge	Image	Location	River	Dates	Note
Covered Bridge, Lovech		Lovech

Canada

Bridge	Image	Location	River	Dates	Note
Esplanade Riel		Winnipeg, Manitoba 49°31′57″N 97°04′25″E / 49.5326°N 97.0737°E / 49.5326; 97.0737 (Esplanade Riel)	Red River of the North	2004	Side-spar cable-stayed bridge with restaurant

China

Bridge	Image	Location	River	Dates	Note
Anshun Bridge		Chengdu, Sichuan 30°38′39″N 104°05′00″E / 30.6442°N 104.0834°E / 30.6442; 104.0834 (Anshun Bridge)	Jin River	13th century; 1746; 2003	Arch bridge with restaurant
Five-Pavilion Bridge		Yangzhou, Jiangsu 32°24′35.1″N 119°24′58.1″E / 32.409750°N 119.416139°E / 32.409750; 119.416139 (Five-Pavilion Bridge)	Slender West Lake	1757	Arch bridge with pavilions

Czech Republic

Bridge	Image	Location	River	Dates	Note
Stříbro bridge		Stříbro, Tachov District 49°45′01″N 13°00′05″E / 49.750315°N 13.001316°E / 49.750315; 13.001316 (Stříbro Bridge)	Crosses Mže River		One of five towers survives.
Cloak Bridge of Český Krumlov Castle		Český Krumlov

England

Bridge	Location	River	Dates	Note
Frome bridge		River Frome	23 May 1983
High Bridge, Lincoln	Lincoln, England 53°13′42.7″N 0°32′26.4″W / 53.228528°N 0.540667°W / 53.228528; -0.540667 (High Bridge, Lincoln)	River Witham	1160	The current row of timber framed shops on the west side of the bridge dates from about 1550.
"Old" London Bridge	51°30′29″N 0°05′16″W / 51.50806°N 0.08778°W / 51.50806; -0.08778 (Old London Bridge)	Thames river, London	1209–1831	The number of houses on the bridge reached a maximum of 140. Many of the houses were later merged, into 91. In the seventeenth century, almost all had four or five storeys. All the houses were shops, and the bridge was one of the City of London's four or five main shopping streets. The three major buildings on the bridge were the chapel, the drawbridge tower and the stone gate. The drawbridge tower was where the severed heads of traitors were exhibited.
“Old” Newcastle Bridge	54°58′03″N 1°36′27″W / 54.9674°N 1.6076°W / 54.9674; -1.6076 (Old Newcastle Bridge)	Tyne river, Newcastle	1248-1771	On the site of the current Newcastle Swing Bridge, the medieval bridge was swept away in the Great Flood of Newcastle in 1771.
Pulteney Bridge	Bath, Somerset 51°22′58.9″N 2°21′28.4″W / 51.383028°N 2.357889°W / 51.383028; -2.357889 ("Pulteney Bridge")	River Avon, Bristol	Built 1769-1774
Old Exe Bridge	Exeter, Devon 50°43′09″N 3°32′09″W / 50.719111°N 3.535800°W / 50.719111; -3.535800 (Old Exe Bridge)	River Exe (originally)	c.1200-1778	ruins are among England's oldest surviving bridge works
St Ives Bridge	St Ives, Cambridgeshire 52°19′22″N 0°04′31″W / 52.322826°N 0.075338°W / 52.322826; -0.075338 (St Ives Bridge)	Great Ouse in St Ives, Cambridgeshire	1400s	One of four bridges in England having a chapel.^[7]^[8] Chapel space was a bawdy house in 1700s.
Rotherham Bridge	Rotherham 53°25′57″N 1°21′30″W / 53.43263°N 1.35829°W / 53.43263; -1.35829 (Bridge Street Bridge)			One of four bridges in England having a chapel^[7]
Chantry Bridge, or Wakefield Bridge	Wakefield 53°40′34″N 1°29′20″W / 53.676°N 1.489°W / 53.676; -1.489		14th-century, nine-arched, stone bridge	One of four bridges in England having a chapel^[7]
Town Bridge, Bradford-on-Avon	Bradford-on-Avon 51°20′49″N 2°15′04″W / 51.347°N 2.251°W / 51.347; -2.251 (Town Bridge)			One of four bridges in England having a chapel^[7] Has a lock-up.

France

"Between 12th and 16th century many bridges were built with houses on them. They were solution for limited accommodation in walled cities and only France had as many as 35."^[9]

Ponts Couverts, Strasbourg, a covered bridge in Strasbourg, has four massive towers that are buildings, but these are on islands not the bridge itself. (See File:Panorama de Strasbourg - 2014-02-02- P1760351 - P1760357.jpg)

Bridge	Location	River	Dates	Note
Pont d'Avignon, or Pont Saint-Bénézet	Avignon 43°57′14″N 4°48′18″E / 43.95389°N 4.80500°E / 43.95389; 4.80500	Rhône	Built 1177–1185	Has Chapel of Saint Nicholas
Pont Valentré	Cahors 44°26′42″N 1°25′54″E / 44.44500°N 1.43167°E / 44.44500; 1.43167 (Pont Valentré)	Arch bridge with six 16.5 metres (54 ft) spans, crosses Lot	Built 1308-1378
Château de Chenonceau	Loire Valley 47°19′29″N 1°04′13″E / 47.3247209°N 1.0704098°E / 47.3247209; 1.0704098 (Château de Chenonceau)	Cher	1514-1559
Pont des Marchands	Narbonne, Aude 43°11′00″N 3°00′13″E / 43.183201°N 3.003693°E / 43.183201; 3.003693 (Pont des Marchands)	Canal de la Robine		Segmental arch bridge with one (once six) span
Pont de Rohan	Landerneau, Brittany 48°27′01″N 4°14′57″W / 48.450260°N 4.249286°W / 48.450260; -4.249286 (Pont de Rohan)	Crosses the Élorn until 1930 and the construction of the Pont Albert Louppe near Brest.
Barrage Vauban	Strasbourg 48°34′46″N 7°44′17″E / 48.57944°N 7.73806°E / 48.57944; 7.73806 (Barrage Vauban)	120 m (390 ft) bridge crosses Ill	Opened in 1690
Pont Ambroix	Ambrussum, Languedoc-Roussillon 43°43′02″N 4°09′07″E / 43.7172°N 4.1519°E / 43.7172; 4.1519 (Pont Ambroix)	Stone arch bridge which carried the Roman road Via Domitia across the Vidourle; only one of its 11 arches survives;	1st century BC. During the High Middle Ages, a chapel devoted to St Mary was added.

Germany

Bridge	Location	River	Dates	Note
Krämerbrücke	Erfurt 50°58′43″N 11°01′51″E / 50.97861°N 11.03083°E / 50.97861; 11.03083 (Krämerbrücke)	segmental stone arch bridge crosses Gera 125 metres (410 ft) x 26 metres (85 ft)	1325 (stone bridge); 1486 (houses)
Alte Nahebrücke (Bad Kreuznach)	Bad Kreuznach, Rhineland-Palatinate 49°50′41″N 07°51′28″E / 49.84472°N 7.85778°E / 49.84472; 7.85778 (Alte Nahebrücke)	Nahe river	c. 1300/1956 (bridge); 1612 (houses)	Stone arch bridge, 135 metres (443 ft) x 10 metres (33 ft)
Stadtbrille [de]	Amberg 49°26′34″N 11°51′27″E / 49.442822°N 11.857381°E / 49.442822; 11.857381 (Stadtbrille)	Vils		The "Stadtbrille" (literally: town spectacles) bridge was part of the town's fortifications, and its arches reflected on the river resemble a pair of spectacles.
Innere Brücke	Esslingen am Neckar, Baden-Württemberg 48°44′00″N 09°19′00″E / 48.73333°N 9.31667°E / 48.73333; 9.31667 (Innere Brücke)	Neckar

Italy

Bridge	Location	River	Note
Ponte Vecchio, Florence	Florence 43°46′05″N 11°15′11″E / 43.76799°N 11.25316°E / 43.76799; 11.25316 (Ponte Vecchio)	Crosses Arno River	Closed-spandrel segmental stone arch bridge with 30 metres (98 ft) main span
Rialto Bridge	Venice	Stone arch bridge with 31.80 metres (104.3 ft) span over Grand Canal	22.90 metres (75.1 ft) wide
Ponte Coperto	Pavia 45°10′51″N 9°09′12″E / 45.180739°N 9.153258°E / 45.180739; 9.153258 (Ponte Coperto)	Crosses Ticino River	216 metres (709 ft) long. Bridge of 1354 and 1949-51 replacement have a chapel.^[10]
Ponte Vecchio, Bassano	Bassano del Grappa	Crosses Brenta (river)

Spain

Bridge	Image	Location	River	Dates	Note
Puente Nuevo		Ronda 36°44′26.69″N 5°9′57.25″W / 36.7407472°N 5.1659028°W / 36.7407472; -5.1659028 (Puente Nuevo)	Crosses Guadalevín River in El Tajo gorge.	Built 1759-1793	Chamber above central arch has been used as a prison, including during Spanish Civil War

Switzerland

Bridge	Image	Location	River	Dates	Note
Spreuerbrücke		Lucerne 47°03′07.1″N 8°18′06.5″E / 47.051972°N 8.301806°E / 47.051972; 8.301806 (Spreuerbrücke)	crosses Reuss

Turkey

Bridge	Image	Location	River	Dates	Note
Irgandı Bridge		Bursa 40°10′54″N 29°04′16″E / 40.1818°N 29.0710°E / 40.1818; 29.0710 (Irgandı Bridge)	crosses Gökdere
Constantine's Bridge		Mysia 40°12′15″N 28°26′29″E / 40.20417°N 28.44139°E / 40.20417; 28.44139 (Constantine's Bridge)		completed after 258 AD	Only ruins remain. Crossed Rhyndacus (Adırnas Çayı) In Byzantine times, had chapel created by Helena, mother of Constantine I

United States

Bridge	Image	Location	River	Dates	Note
Main Street Bridge		Rochester, New York 43°9′22″N 77°36′39″W / 43.15611°N 77.61083°W / 43.15611; -77.61083 (Main Street Bridge)	Genesee River	1857	The buildings were removed in the mid-1960's. Earlier bridges at this site also had buildings.^[11]

Vietnam

Bridge	Image	Location	River	Dates	Note
Chùa Cầu, or Japanese Bridge		Hội An, Quảng Nam 15°52′38″N 108°19′34″E / 15.877127°N 108.326017°E / 15.877127; 108.326017 (Japanese Bridge)			Has a small temple, Bac De Tran Vu, which worships a Chinese general, also known as Huyen Thien Dai De.^[12]

Wales

Bridge	Image	Location	River	Dates	Note
Monnow Bridge		Monmouth, Wales 51°48′32″N 2°43′12″W / 51.809°N 2.7199°W / 51.809; -2.7199	River Monnow	c.1272	A central tower, variously used as a gaol, garrison, toll-house and museum. The only surviving such bridge-tower in Britain.^[13]

References

^ "Winners of London Bridge 800: Design an Inhabited Bridge Competition". August 17, 2009. Retrieved November 30, 2020.
^ "Bridges With Buildings". Madness Hub. November 11, 2019.
^ Delana (January 14, 2010). "Modern Trolls: 10 Bridges Turned to Homes & Mini-Cities". Web Urbanist.
^ Kaushik Patowary (May 17, 2016). "Bridges With Buildings".
^ Philip S. C. Caston (June 6, 2013). Germany's Historic Wooden Covered Bridges Still Standing (PDF) (Report).
^ Melanie Vujkovic (August 29, 2018). "Curious Brisbane: Indooroopilly bridge – the only habitable bridge in the Southern Hemisphere". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved August 29, 2018.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Christopher Winn (2005). I Never Knew That About England. Ebury Press. ISBN 0-09-190207-X.
^ "Bridge Chapels". Edward Green.
^ "Historical Development of Bridges - Ancient and Greatest Bridges".
^ American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) (2007). Bridges 2008 (calendar). Reston, Virginia: ASCE. pp. May featured bridge. ISBN 978-0-7844-0945-9.
^ Cole, Andrew (1987). "Main Street Bridge" (PDF). Historic American Engineering Record. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 23, 2012. Retrieved March 1, 2014.
^ "Lịch sử chùa Cầu ở Hội an". July 7, 2019.
^ Cadw. "Monnow Bridge (Grade I) (2218)". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved November 10, 2021.

[1] "Winners of London Bridge 800: Design an Inhabited Bridge Competition". August 17, 2009. Retrieved November 30, 2020.

[2] "Bridges With Buildings". Madness Hub. November 11, 2019.

[3] Delana (January 14, 2010). "Modern Trolls: 10 Bridges Turned to Homes & Mini-Cities". Web Urbanist.

[4] Kaushik Patowary (May 17, 2016). "Bridges With Buildings".

[5] Philip S. C. Caston (June 6, 2013). Germany's Historic Wooden Covered Bridges Still Standing (PDF) (Report).

[6] Melanie Vujkovic (August 29, 2018). "Curious Brisbane: Indooroopilly bridge – the only habitable bridge in the Southern Hemisphere". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved August 29, 2018.

[Winn-7] Christopher Winn (2005). I Never Knew That About England. Ebury Press. ISBN 0-09-190207-X.

[8] "Bridge Chapels". Edward Green.

[9] "Historical Development of Bridges - Ancient and Greatest Bridges".

[10] American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) (2007). Bridges 2008 (calendar). Reston, Virginia: ASCE. pp. May featured bridge. ISBN 978-0-7844-0945-9.

[11] Cole, Andrew (1987). "Main Street Bridge" (PDF). Historic American Engineering Record. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 23, 2012. Retrieved March 1, 2014.

[12] "Lịch sử chùa Cầu ở Hội an". July 7, 2019.

[13] Cadw. "Monnow Bridge (Grade I) (2218)". National Historic Assets of Wales. Retrieved November 10, 2021.

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