July 2038 lunar eclipse
| Penumbral eclipse | |||||||||
 The Moon's hourly motion shown right to left | |||||||||
| Date | July 16, 2038 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gamma | −1.2837 | ||||||||
| Magnitude | −0.4938 | ||||||||
| Saros cycle | 149 (4 of 72) | ||||||||
| Penumbral | 192 minutes, 27 seconds | ||||||||
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A penumbral lunar eclipse will occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit on Friday, July 16, 2038,[1] with an umbral magnitude of −0.4938. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the Moon's near side passes into the Earth's penumbra. Unlike a solar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on the night side of Earth. Occurring about 4.9 days before perigee (on July 11, 2038, at 15:35 UTC), the Moon's apparent diameter will be larger.[2]
This eclipse will be the third of four penumbral lunar eclipses in 2038, with the others occurring on January 21, June 17, and December 11.
Visibility
[edit]The eclipse will be completely visible over Australia, Antarctica, and the Pacific Ocean, seen rising over east Asia and setting over North and South America.[3]
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Eclipse details
[edit]Shown below is a table displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. It describes various parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[4]
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Penumbral Magnitude | 0.50125 |
| Umbral Magnitude | −0.49383 |
| Gamma | −1.28381 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 07h43m47.7s |
| Sun Declination | +21°17'34.6" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 15'44.2" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.7" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 19h44m13.1s |
| Moon Declination | -22°31'51.1" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 15'48.9" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 0°58'02.4" |
| ΔT | 78.3 s |
Eclipse season
[edit]This eclipse is part of an eclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by a fortnight. The first and last eclipse in this sequence is separated by one synodic month.
| June 17 Descending node (full moon) |
July 2 Ascending node (new moon) |
July 16 Descending node (full moon) |
|---|---|---|
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| Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 111 |
Annular solar eclipse Solar Saros 137 |
Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 149 |
Related eclipses
[edit]Eclipses in 2038
[edit]- An annular solar eclipse on January 5.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on January 21.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on June 17.
- An annular solar eclipse on July 2.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on July 16.
- A penumbral lunar eclipse on December 11.
- A total solar eclipse on December 26.
Metonic
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of September 28, 2034
Tzolkinex
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of June 5, 2031
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of August 27, 2045
Half-Saros
[edit]- Preceded by: Solar eclipse of July 11, 2029
- Followed by: Solar eclipse of July 22, 2047
Tritos
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of August 17, 2027
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of June 15, 2049
Lunar Saros 149
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of July 5, 2020
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of July 26, 2056
Inex
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of August 6, 2009
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of June 27, 2067
Triad
[edit]- Preceded by: Lunar eclipse of September 15, 1951
- Followed by: Lunar eclipse of May 17, 2125
Lunar eclipses of 2035–2038
[edit]This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of lunar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit.[5]
The penumbral lunar eclipses on June 17, 2038 and December 11, 2038 occur in the next lunar year eclipse set.
| Lunar eclipse series sets from 2035 to 2038 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascending node | Descending node | |||||||
| Saros | Date Viewing |
Type Chart |
Gamma | Saros | Date Viewing |
Type Chart |
Gamma | |
| 114 | 2035 Feb 22
|
Penumbral
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−1.0357 | 119 | 2035 Aug 19
|
Partial
|
0.9433 | |
| 124 | 2036 Feb 11
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Total
|
−0.3110 | 129 | 2036 Aug 07
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Total
|
0.2004 | |
| 134 | 2037 Jan 31
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Total
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0.3619 | 139 | 2037 Jul 27
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Partial
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−0.5582 | |
| 144 | 2038 Jan 21
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Penumbral
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1.0710 | 149 | 2038 Jul 16
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Penumbral
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−1.2837 | |
Saros 149
[edit]This eclipse is a part of Saros series 149, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a penumbral lunar eclipse on June 13, 1984. It contains partial eclipses from August 29, 2110 through April 5, 2471; total eclipses from April 16, 2489 through September 17, 2741; and a second set of partial eclipses from September 28, 2759 through May 5, 3120. The series ends at member 71 as a penumbral eclipse on July 20, 3246.
The longest duration of totality will be produced by member 36 at 99 minutes, 18 seconds on July 3, 2615. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’s descending node of orbit.[6]
| Greatest | First | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The greatest eclipse of the series will occur on 2615 Jul 03, lasting 99 minutes, 18 seconds.[7] | Penumbral | Partial | Total | Central |
1984 Jun 13
|
2110 Aug 29 |
2489 Apr 16 |
2561 May 30 | |
| Last | ||||
| Central | Total | Partial | Penumbral | |
| 2687 Aug 15 |
2741 Sep 17 |
3120 May 05 |
3246 Jul 20 | |
Eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is one exeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
| Series members 1–13 occur between 1984 and 2200: | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | |||
| 1984 Jun 13 | 2002 Jun 24 | 2020 Jul 05 | |||
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| 4 | 5 | 6 | |||
| 2038 Jul 16 | 2056 Jul 26 | 2074 Aug 07 | |||
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| 7 | 8 | 9 | |||
| 2092 Aug 17 | 2110 Aug 29 | 2128 Sep 09 | |||
| 10 | 11 | 12 | |||
| 2146 Sep 20 | 2164 Sep 30 | 2182 Oct 11 | |||
| 13 | |||||
| 2200 Oct 23 | |||||
Tritos series
[edit]This eclipse is a part of a tritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135 synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with the anomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2147 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1809 Apr 30 (Saros 128) |
1820 Mar 29 (Saros 129) |
1831 Feb 26 (Saros 130) |
1842 Jan 26 (Saros 131) |
1852 Dec 26 (Saros 132) | |||||
| 1863 Nov 25 (Saros 133) |
1874 Oct 25 (Saros 134) |
1885 Sep 24 (Saros 135) |
1896 Aug 23 (Saros 136) |
1907 Jul 25 (Saros 137) | |||||
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| 1918 Jun 24 (Saros 138) |
1929 May 23 (Saros 139) |
1940 Apr 22 (Saros 140) |
1951 Mar 23 (Saros 141) |
1962 Feb 19 (Saros 142) | |||||
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| 1973 Jan 18 (Saros 143) |
1983 Dec 20 (Saros 144) |
1994 Nov 18 (Saros 145) |
2005 Oct 17 (Saros 146) |
2016 Sep 16 (Saros 147) | |||||
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| 2027 Aug 17 (Saros 148) |
2038 Jul 16 (Saros 149) |
2049 Jun 15 (Saros 150) |
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| 2114 Dec 12 (Saros 156) |
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| 2147 Sep 09 (Saros 159) | |||||||||
Half-Saros cycle
[edit]A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (a half saros).[8] This lunar eclipse is related to two total solar eclipses of Solar Saros 156.
| July 11, 2029 | July 22, 2047 |
|---|---|
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See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ "July 16, 2038 Penumbral Lunar Eclipse". timeanddate. Retrieved 29 November 2024.
- ^ "Moon Distances for London, United Kingdom, England". timeanddate. Retrieved 29 November 2024.
- ^ "Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 2038 Jul 16" (PDF). NASA. Retrieved 29 November 2024.
- ^ "Penumbral Lunar Eclipse of 2038 Jul 16". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 29 November 2024.
- ^ van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
- ^ "NASA - Catalog of Lunar Eclipses of Saros 149". eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov.
- ^ Listing of Eclipses of series 149
- ^ Mathematical Astronomy Morsels, Jean Meeus, p.110, Chapter 18, The half-saros
External links
[edit]- 2038 Jul 16 chart: Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC
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