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Julius Meimberg

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Julius Meimberg
Born(1917-01-11)11 January 1917
Münster, Kingdom of Prussia
Died17 January 2012(2012-01-17) (aged 95)
Münster, Germany
Allegiance Nazi Germany
Service / branch Luftwaffe
Years of service1937–1945
RankMajor (major)
UnitJG 2, JG 53
Commands3./JG 2, 11./JG 2, II./JG 53
Battles / wars
See battles

World War II

AwardsKnight's Cross of the Iron Cross
Other worktextile industry
travel agency owner

Julius Meimberg (11 January 1917 – 17 January 2012) was a German Luftwaffe military aviator during World War II, a fighter ace credited with 53 aerial victories—that is, 53 aerial combat encounters resulting in the destruction of the enemy aircraft—claimed in over 250 combat missions. In the 1960s, he invented an open-end spinning device and received patents in the US and Germany for it. In 1970, Meimberg founded the travel agency "Meimberg" and in 2001, he received the Rudolf-Diesel-Medaille for his achievements as an inventor.

Early life and career

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Meimberg was born on 11 January 1917 in Münster in the Province of Westphalia, a province of the Kingdom of Prussia. He was the sixth and youngest child of a textile merchant, owner of a company founded by his grandfather.[1] Meimberg volunteered for military service in the Luftwaffe. Following acceptance, his military training began on 1 November 1937 at the Luftkriegsschule 2 (LKS 2—2nd air war school) in Berlin–Gatow.[2]

World War II

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World War II in Europe had begun on Friday 1 September 1939 when German forces invaded Poland. On 6 December 1939, Meimberg was posted to Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" (JG 2—2nd Fighter Wing), named after World War I fighter ace Manfred von Richthofen, which at the time was based at Zerbst.[3] At Zerbst, Hauptmann Wolfgang Schellmann was tasked with the creation of the new II. Gruppe (2nd group) of JG 2 on 15 December. The Gruppe was staffed by personnel from I. Gruppe of JG 2, I. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 3 (JG 3—3rd Fighter Wing), and newly trained fighter pilots from the fighter pilot schools.[4] There, Meimberg was assigned to 4. Staffel (4th squadron), headed by Oberleutnant Hans Hahn.[5]

Meimberg was appointed Staffelkapitän (squadron leader) of 3. Staffel of JG 2 on 15 April 1941. He replaced Oberleutnant Hermann Hollweg who was transferred.[6] On 4 August 1942, Meimberg succeeded Oberleutnant Rudolf Pflanz as Staffelkapitän of 11. Staffel of JG 2. Pflanz had been killed in action on 31 July.[7]

Mediterranean Theater

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On 4 November 1942, Meimberg and his 11. Staffel received orders to immediately transfer to Sicily. That same day, 30 men and their equipment were flown in three Junkers Ju 52 transport aircraft from the airfield Poix-Nord at Poix-de-Picardie in France to Coleman Army Airfield, refueling at Reims. On 8 November, the Staffel arrived in Trapani, located in the northwest of Sicily, and then moved to Comiso which is in southeastern part of Sicily. On 15 November, Meimberg received orders to move his Staffel to Tunisia in North Africa where they were based at the Bizerte Airfield where they fought in the Tunisian campaign. That day, the Oberbefehlshaber Süd (Commander in Chief South), Generalfeldmarschall Albert Kesselring, ordered 11. Staffel disbanded, and its pilots and equipment assigned to II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 53 (JG 53—53rd Fighter Wing). Due to Meimberg's intervention, Oberstleutnant Günther Freiherr von Maltzahn, the Geschwaderkommodore (wing commander) of JG 53, decided to retain 11. Staffel as its own entity and subordinated the Staffel to the Geschwaderstab (headquarters unit) of JG 53 while for the higher Luftwaffe authorities the Staffel was merged with 6. Staffel of JG 53.[8]

On 17 December, Meimberg was given home-leave. During this vacation on 29 December, he married his fiancée Margret in Münster. The two had known each other since school.[9] The marriage produced a son, Gerrit, born 15 February 1946, [10] and another son, Helmut, born 11 August 1948,[11] and their daughter Dorothee, born 19 October 1950.[12] Following a brief honeymoon which the couple spent in Würzburg, Meimberg returned to his unit on 20 January 1943, which at the time was based at El Aouina, a municipality of Tunis, Tunisia.[13]

Flying the Messerschmitt Bf 109 G-4 trop (Werknummer 16025—factory number) on 1 February 1943, Meimberg was wounded in aerial combat with Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bombers near Pont du Fahs.[14] The severe burns he sustained necessitated a lengthy stay in a hospital in Munich.[15] During his convalescence, Meimberg was promoted to Hauptmann (captain) on 1 March, and awarded the Wound Badge in Silver (Verwundetenabzeichen in Silber) in May.[16] He returned to JG 53 on 19 August and was assigned to the Geschwaderstab. By this date, 11. Staffel of JG 2 had officially been disbanded and its pilots to various Staffeln of JG 53.[17] The Geschwaderstab was based at the Hermitage of Camaldoli in Naples. Due to the Allied invasion of Italy, the location was abandoned on 9 September, moving to Littoria Airfield until September 16, and then to Centocelle Airfield near Rome.[18] Shortly before Christmas, Meimberg left JG 53 again as his injuries sustained to his hands on 1 February required further treatment and skin grafting.[19]

Defense of the Reich

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On 24 April 1944, Meimberg was appointed Gruppenkommandeur of II. Gruppe of JG 53. He succeeded Hauptmann Gerhard Michalski who was transferred.[20] On 24 October, Meimberg was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes) for 45 aerial victories.[21] The presentation was made by Oberst Karl Hentschel, commander of the 7. Jagddivision (7th Fighter Division), at the Malmsheim Airfield.[22]

Meimberg flew his last combat mission on 17 April 1945, strafing US vehicles travelling on the Autobahn near Nürnberg. During this attack, his Bf 109 G-14/AS was hit in the engine by anti-aircraft artillery. He was forced to bail out and landed safely in a field where he was picked up by a SS-unit and taken back to his unit at Rißtissen, located approximately 10 kilometers (6.2 miles) southwest of Ulm.[23] On 22 April, Meimberg moved II. Gruppe to an makeshift airfield near Waal. Aerial operation had practically came to a stop as US forces had started crossing the Danube the following day.[24] Meimberg dismissed his soldiers and disbanded II. Gruppe in the early morning on 27 April.[25]

Later life

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Following World War II, Meimberg worked at the Nordhorn based textile company Rawe. There he gained knowledge of yarn production.[26] In the summer of 1946, Meimberg and his wife bought two sheep. The sheep's wool was hand spun locally, inspiring Meimberg to think about automating the spinning process.[27] Over the next months, he began experimenting and building a crude prototype for continuous yarn production, powered by a sewing machine motor, which he completed in 1948.[28] Meimberg, presented his prototype to the German Patent and Trade Mark Office in Munich and the Deutsche Spinnereimaschinenbau AG Ingolstadt, the German spinning machine factory in Ingolstadt, owned by the Schubert & Salzer GmbH.[29]

In 1970, Meimberg founded the travel agency "Meimberg" in Münster.[30] For his achievements as an inventor, Meimberg was awarded the Rudolf-Diesel-Medaille in 2001.[31] He died on 17 January 2012 in Münster.[32]

Summary of career

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Aerial victory claims

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According to Obermaier, Meimberg was credited with 53 victories claimed in over 250 combat missions, all of which over the Western Front.[33] Mathews and Foreman, authors of Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims, researched the German Federal Archives and found records for 45 aerial victory claims, plus further 14 unconfirmed claims. All of these claims were achieved over the Western Allies, including four four-engined bomber.[34]

Victory claims were logged to a map-reference (PQ = Planquadrat), for example "PQ 15 West TR-9". The Luftwaffe grid map (Jägermeldenetz) covered all of Europe, western Russia and North Africa and was composed of rectangles measuring 15 minutes of latitude by 30 minutes of longitude, an area of about 360 square miles (930 km2). These sectors were then subdivided into 36 smaller units to give a location area 3 km × 4 km (1.9 mi × 2.5 mi) in size.[35]

Chronicle of aerial victories
  This and the ? (question mark) indicates information discrepancies listed by Meimberg, Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike, Bock, Mathews and Foreman.
Claim Date Time Type Location Claim Date Time Type Location
– 4. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" –[36]
Battle of France — 11 May – 25 June 1940
1 19 May 1940 12:20 Hurricane Tournai[37] 2 3 June 1940 14:50 Curtiss Épernay[37]
Paris
– 4. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" –[36]
At the Channel and over England — 26 June 1940 – 21 June 1941
3 4 September 1940 14:05 Spitfire[38] Ashford 7 7 November 1940 15:30 Hurricane south of the Isle of Wight[39]
4 6 September 1940 10:00 Spitfire Ashford[39]
vicinity of Ashford 		8 28 November 1940 17:20 Spitfire southwest of the Isle of Wight[39]
5 6 September 1940 10:15 Spitfire[39] Ashford 9 29 November 1940 16:35 Blenheim[39] English Channel
6 10 October 1940 13:50 Hurricane[39] vicinity of Portland
– 3. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" –[36]
On the Western Front — 22 June – 24 July 1941
10 3 July 1941 15:39 Spitfire[40] 13 24 July 1941 14:45 Hampden[41] Brest
11 17 July 1941 16:17 Spitfire north of Étaples[40] 14 24 July 1941 15:00 Wellington Brest[41]
12 24 July 1941 14:24 Hampden west-southwest of Plouguerneau[41]
– 3. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" –[34]
On the Western Front — 4 May – 1 August 1942
15 17 May 1942 10:27 Spitfire 30 km (19 mi) northwest of Dieppe[42] 19 19 June 1942 21:01 Spitfire Selsey Bill[42]
Sidlesham
16 19 May 1942 15:22 Spitfire[42] Calais-Ramsgate 20 11 July 1942 18:25 Spitfire[42] Le Havre
17 31 May 1942 19:29 Spitfire[42] Saint-Valery 21 28 July 1942 21:15 Spitfire southwest of Selsey Bill[42]
15 km (9.3 mi) southwest of Brighton
18?[Note 1] 19 June 1942 20:58 Spitfire Selsey Bill[42]
– 11. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" –[43]
On the Western Front — 1 July – 4 November 1942
—
[Note 2] 		19 August 1942
—
 Spitfire Dieppe[48] 22 20 August 1942 13:59 Spitfire 30 km (19 mi) north-northwest of Dieppe[44]
—
[Note 2] 		19 August 1942
—
 Spitfire Dieppe[48] 23?[Note 3] 5 September 1942
—
 Spitfire[44]
– 11. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 2 "Richthofen" –[43]
Mediterranean Theater — 4 November – 31 December 1942
—
[Note 2] 		25 November 1942
—
 Spitfire[48] southeast of Mateur 27 5 December 1942 09:08 Spitfire 1 km (0.62 mi) east of Mateur[45]
—
[Note 2] 		3 December 1942
—
 Spitfire[48] 28 5 December 1942 09:12 Spitfire 2 km (1.2 mi) southeast of Mateur[45]
24?[Note 1] 4 December 1942 15:50 Bisley (Blenheim) southeast of Mateur[45] 29 5 December 1942 11:03 Spitfire 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Mateur[45]
25?[Note 1] 4 December 1942 15:53 Bisley (Blenheim) east of Mateur[45] 30 6 December 1942 10:15 Spitfire 20 km (12 mi) south of Tebourba[45]
26?[Note 1] 4 December 1942 16:00 Bisley (Blenheim) southwest of Mateur[45]
– 6. Staffel of Jagdgeschwader 53 –[43]
Mediterranean Theater — 1 January – 1 February 1943
31 31 January 1943 13:14 P-38 30 km (19 mi) east of Djedeida[49] 32 1 February 1943 13:25 B-17 10 km (6.2 mi) northwest of Pont du Fahs[49]
– Stab of Jagdgeschwader 53 –[43]
Mediterranean Theater — December 1943
33 9 December 1943 11:27 P-51 northwest of Valmontone[50]
– Stab II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 53 –[43]
Defense of the Reich — 24 April – June 1944
34 8 May 1944 10:05 B-24[51] 15 km (9.3 mi) north of Braunschweig 35 29 May 1944 12:15 B-17[51] Wittenberge
—
[Note 2] 		27 May 1944 12:15 P-51 vicinity of Nancy[52] 36?[Note 3] 30 May 1944 11:15 B-17[51]
– Stab II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 53 –[43]
Invasion Front in France — June – September 1944
37 17 June 1944 19:31 P-38[53] PQ 15 West TR-9[46]
La Haye-du-Puits
—
[Note 2] 		23 August 1944 12:15 P-51 Mantes-la-Jolie[52]
38 5 July 1944 10:42 P-47[53] PQ 04 Ost N/BD[46]
Rambouillet 		40 25 August 1944 19:25 Typhoon[53] PQ 05 Ost SC-8/7[46]
Barentin-Rouen
39 5 July 1944 10:53 P-47[53] PQ 04 Ost N/AC[46]
Nonancourt
– Stab II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 53 –[43]
Defense of the Reich — September – December 1944
41?[Note 1] 24 September 1944 12:40 C-47[53] PQ 05 Ost SR-7[46]
Nackterhof 		45?[Note 4] 17 November 1944 15:25?[Note 5] P-51 PQ 05 Ost UR-7[54]
Linkenheim
42?[Note 1] 29 September 1944
—
 P-47[53] vicinity of Edenkoben 46[Note 6] 18 November 1944 12:35 P-51 Metz/Luneville[54]
Karlsruhe
43 8 October 1944 10:42 P-47[53] PQ 04 Ost N/AO[54]
Worms 		47 16 December 1944 11:39 P-47[55] PQ 05 Ost S/UR-5, Herxheim near Karlsruhe[54]
44?[Note 3] 13 October 1944
—
 P-47[53] 48 26 December 1944
—
 P-47[54][55] south of Stuttgart
45 20 October 1944 10:45?[Note 7] P-47[53] PQ 04 Ost N/CP-6[54]
southwest of Strasbourg 		49 26 December 1944
—
 P-47[54][55] south of Stuttgart
46 28 October 1944 11:05 P-47[53] Landau 50 26 December 1944
—
 P-47[54][55] south of Stuttgart
—
[Note 2] 		29 October 1944
—
 P-51[52]
– Stab II. Gruppe of Jagdgeschwader 53 –[43]
Defense of the Reich — January – May 1945
51 16 March 1945
—
 P-51[55] Hunsrück area 53 13 April 1945 18:06 Spitfire[55] Biberach
52 10 April 1945 09:00 P-47[55] Crailsheim

Awards

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Publications

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  • Meimberg, Julius (2002). Braatz, Kurt [in German] (ed.). Feindberührung: Erinnerungen 1939–1945 [Enemy Contact: Memories 1939–1945] (in German). Moosburg, Germany: NeunundzwanzigSechs Verlag. ISBN 978-3-9807935-1-3.

Notes

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  1. ^ a b c d e f According to Mathews and Foreman this claim is unconfirmed.[34]
  2. ^ a b c d e f g This unconfirmed claim is not listed by Prien, Stemmer, Rodeike and Bock.[44][45][46][47]
  3. ^ a b c This claim is not listed by Mathews and Foreman.[43]
  4. ^ Prien in his 1991 book does not list this claim.[53]
  5. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 15:30.[43]
  6. ^ This claim is not listed by Prien in his 1991 book.[53] While according to Mathews and Foreman, this claim was confirmed.[43]
  7. ^ According to Mathews and Foreman claimed at 10:42.[43]

References

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Citations

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  1. ^ Holtz-Honig 1997, p. 13.
  2. ^ Meimberg 2002, p. 27.
  3. ^ Meimberg 2002, p. 46.
  4. ^ Prien et al. 2001a, p. 75.
  5. ^ Meimberg 2002, p. 50.
  6. ^ Prien et al. 2002, p. 98.
  7. ^ Prien et al. 2004a, p. 321.
  8. ^ Prien et al. 2004b, p. 55.
  9. ^ Meimberg 2002, p. 241.
  10. ^ Holtz-Honig 1997, p. 20.
  11. ^ Holtz-Honig 1997, p. 24.
  12. ^ Holtz-Honig 1997, p. 30.
  13. ^ Meimberg 2002, pp. 241–242.
  14. ^ Prien 1998, p. 588.
  15. ^ Holtz-Honig 1997, pp. 15–16.
  16. ^ a b Meimberg 2002, p. 252.
  17. ^ Meimberg 2002, p. 249.
  18. ^ Prien et al. 2010, pp. 382, 385.
  19. ^ Meimberg 2002, p. 258.
  20. ^ Prien 1991, p. 1654.
  21. ^ Weal 2007, p. 112.
  22. ^ Prien 1991, pp. 1426–1427.
  23. ^ Prien 1991, p. 1602–1605, 1637.
  24. ^ Prien 1991, p. 1612.
  25. ^ Prien 1991, p. 1619.
  26. ^ Mecheels, Vogler & Kurz 2009, p. 468.
  27. ^ Holtz-Honig 1997, pp. 21–22.
  28. ^ Holtz-Honig 1997, pp. 24–25.
  29. ^ Holtz-Honig 1997, pp. 26–29.
  30. ^ Reiseagentur Meimberg.
  31. ^ Rudolf-Diesel-Medaille.
  32. ^ Dixon 2023, p. 168.
  33. ^ a b Obermaier 1989, p. 167.
  34. ^ a b c Mathews & Foreman 2015, pp. 831–832.
  35. ^ Planquadrat.
  36. ^ a b c Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 831.
  37. ^ a b Prien et al. 2001b, p. 115.
  38. ^ Prien et al. 2002, p. 121.
  39. ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2002, p. 122.
  40. ^ a b Prien et al. 2003, p. 423.
  41. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2003, p. 424.
  42. ^ a b c d e f g Prien et al. 2004a, p. 235.
  43. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Mathews & Foreman 2015, p. 832.
  44. ^ a b c Prien et al. 2004a, p. 325.
  45. ^ a b c d e f g h Prien et al. 2004b, p. 58.
  46. ^ a b c d e f Prien et al. 2019, p. 386.
  47. ^ Prien 1991, pp. 1683–1684.
  48. ^ a b c d Meimberg 2002, p. 344.
  49. ^ a b Prien et al. 2011, p. 122.
  50. ^ Prien et al. 2010, p. 393.
  51. ^ a b c Prien 1991, p. 1683.
  52. ^ a b c Meimberg 2002, p. 345.
  53. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Prien 1991, p. 1684.
  54. ^ a b c d e f g h Prien et al. 2019, p. 387.
  55. ^ a b c d e f g Prien 1991, p. 1685.
  56. ^ Dixon 2023, p. 167.
  57. ^ Patzwall & Scherzer 2001, p. 301.
  58. ^ Fellgiebel 2000, p. 306.
  59. ^ Scherzer 2007, p. 534.

Bibliography

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  • Bergström, Christer [in Swedish]. "Bergström Black Cross/Red Star website". Identifying a Luftwaffe Planquadrat. Archived from the original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 8 December 2022.
  • Dixon, Jeremy (2023). Day Fighter Aces of the Luftwaffe: Knight's Cross Holders 1943–1945. Barnsley: Pen and Sword Books. ISBN 978-1-39903-073-1.
  • Fellgiebel, Walther-Peer [in German] (2000) [1986]. Die Träger des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939–1945 — Die Inhaber der höchsten Auszeichnung des Zweiten Weltkrieges aller Wehrmachtteile [The Bearers of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939–1945 — The Owners of the Highest Award of the Second World War of all Wehrmacht Branches] (in German). Friedberg, Germany: Podzun-Pallas. ISBN 978-3-7909-0284-6.
  • Holtz-Honig, Waltraud (1997). Vater spinnt. Der Weg zum Endlos-Garn, eine Erfindergeschichte [Father is Spinning. The Road to Continuous Yarn, an Inventors Story] (in German). Munich, Germany: Langen Müller Verlag. ISBN 978-3-7844-7367-3.
  • Mathews, Andrew Johannes; Foreman, John (2015). Luftwaffe Aces — Biographies and Victory Claims — Volume 3 M–R. Walton on Thames: Red Kite. ISBN 978-1-906592-20-2.
  • Mecheels, Stefan; Vogler, Herbert; Kurz, Josef (2009). Kultur- & Industriegeschichte der Textilien [Cultural & Industrial History of Textiles] (in German). Wachter. ISBN 978-3-9812485-3-1.
  • Meimberg, Julius (2002). Braatz, Kurt [in German] (ed.). Feindberührung: Erinnerungen 1939–1945 [Enemy Contact: Memories 1939–1945] (in German). Moosburg, Germany: NeunundzwanzigSechs Verlag. ISBN 978-3-9807935-1-3.
  • Obermaier, Ernst (1989). Die Ritterkreuzträger der Luftwaffe Jagdflieger 1939 – 1945 [The Knight's Cross Bearers of the Luftwaffe Fighter Force 1939 – 1945] (in German). Mainz, Germany: Verlag Dieter Hoffmann. ISBN 978-3-87341-065-7.
  • Patzwall, Klaus D.; Scherzer, Veit (2001). Das Deutsche Kreuz 1941 – 1945 Geschichte und Inhaber Band II [The German Cross 1941 – 1945 History and Recipients Volume 2] (in German). Norderstedt, Germany: Verlag Klaus D. Patzwall. ISBN 978-3-931533-45-8.
  • Prien, Jochen (1991). Pik-As: Geschichte des Jagdgeschwaders 53 — 3 — Das Ende in Italien 1944, Rumänien, Ungarn 1944/45, Einsatz zur Verteidigung des Reiches 1943–1945 [Ace of Spades: History of the Fighter Wing 53 — 3 — The End in Italy 1944, Romania, Hungary 1944/45, Defense of the Reich 1943–1945] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-16-8.
  • Prien, Jochen (1998). Jagdgeschwader 53 A History of the "Pik As" Geschwader May 1942 – January 1944. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7643-0292-3.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2001a). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 2—Der "Sitzkrieg"—1.9.1939 bis 9.5.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 2—The "Phoney War"—1 September 1939 to 9 May 1940] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-59-5.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2001b). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945 Teil 3—Einsatz in Dänemark und Norwegen 9.4. bis 30.11.1940—Der Feldzug im Westen 10.5. bis 25.6.1940 [Fighter Pilot Association of the German Luftwaffe 1934 to 1945 Part 3—Assignments in Denmark and Norway 9 April to 30 November 1940—The campaign in the West 10 May to 25 June 1940] (in German). Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-61-8.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2002). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 4/I—Einsatz am Kanal und über England—26.6.1940 bis 21.6.1941 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 4/I—Action at the Channel and over England—26 June 1940 to 21 June 1941] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-63-2.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2003). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 5—Heimatverteidigung—10. Mai 1940 bis 31 Dezember 1941—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—Oktober 1940 bis November 1941—Einsatz im Westen—22. Juni bis 31. Dezember 1941—Die Ergänzungsjagdgruppen—Einsatz 1941 bis zur Auflösung Anfang 1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 5—Defense of the Reich—10 May 1940 to 31 December 1941—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—October 1940 to November 1941—Action in the West—22 June to 31 December 1941—The Supplementary Fighter Groups—Action from 1941 until their Breakup in Early 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-68-7.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2004a). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 7—Heimatverteidigung—1. January bis 31 Dezember 1942—Einsatz im Westen—1. Januar bis 31. Dezember 1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 7—Defense of the Reich—1 January to 31 December 1942—Action in the West—1 January to 31 December 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-73-1.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2004b). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 8/I—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—November 1941 bis December 1942 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 8/I—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—November 1941 to December 1942] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-74-8.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2010). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 11/I—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—1.1. bis 31.12.1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 11/I—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—1 January to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-923457-95-3.
  • Prien, Jochen; Stemmer, Gerhard; Rodeike, Peter; Bock, Winfried (2011). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 11/II—Einsatz im Mittelmeerraum—1.1 bis 31 December 1943 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 11/II—Action in the Mediterranean Theater—1 January to 31 December 1943] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-942943-00-0.
  • Prien, Jochen; Balke, Ulf; Stemmer, Gerhard; Bock, Winfried (2019). Die Jagdfliegerverbände der Deutschen Luftwaffe 1934 bis 1945—Teil 13/V—Einsatz im Reichsverteidigung und im Westen—1.1. bis 31.12.1944 [The Fighter Units of the German Air Force 1934 to 1945—Part 13/V—Action in the Defense of the Reich and in the West—1 January to 31 December 1944] (in German). Eutin, Germany: Struve-Druck. ISBN 978-3-942943-21-5.
  • Scherzer, Veit (2007). Die Ritterkreuzträger 1939–1945 Die Inhaber des Ritterkreuzes des Eisernen Kreuzes 1939 von Heer, Luftwaffe, Kriegsmarine, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm sowie mit Deutschland verbündeter Streitkräfte nach den Unterlagen des Bundesarchives [The Knight's Cross Bearers 1939–1945 The Holders of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross 1939 by Army, Air Force, Navy, Waffen-SS, Volkssturm and Allied Forces with Germany According to the Documents of the Federal Archives] (in German). Jena, Germany: Scherzers Militaer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-938845-17-2.
  • Weal, John (2007). Jagdgeschwader 53 "Pik-As". Aviation Elite Units. Vol. 25. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-204-2.
  • "3,132,398 "Slide Fastener"". Official Gazette of the United States Patent Office. 802. United States Government Printing Office: 343–344. 1964.
  • "Die Träger der Rudolf-Diesel-Medaillen" [The Bearers of the Rudolf Diesel Medal]. Rudolf-Diesel-Medaille (in German). Retrieved 2 June 2022.
  • "Über uns" [About us]. Reiseagentur Meimberg (in German). Retrieved 13 June 2022.
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