Elon Musk's arm gesture

On January 20, 2025, businessman and political figure Elon Musk made two hand gestures during his speech at a rally celebrating U.S president Donald Trump's second inauguration. Musk's hand gestures closely resembled and were interpreted by many people as a Nazi salute, which caused significant criticism from media outlets, politicians and organisations internationally. Multiple European political parties demanded that Musk be banned from entering their countries. Neo-Nazi and white supremacist groups reportedly celebrated the gestures, irrespective of Musk's intent. Musk did not explicitly deny the allegations, but did dismiss accusations of fascist sympathies on X, describing them as a "tired" attack.^{[citation needed]}

There is no consensus as to what Musk's gestures were intended to convey. While some claim Musk's gestures were not malicious, others claim they were intentional dog whistles.

On January 20, 2025, the second inauguration of Donald Trump took place after his victory in 2024 United States presidential election. Many people were invited, including Elon Musk.^[2]

After Donald Trump was officially sworn in as the president of United States, Musk attended a celebratory rally at the Capital One Arena in Washington D.C where he thanked the attendees for voting for Trump.^[3] Musk jumped onto the stage, started throwing his hands in the air, and then began to dance.^[4]

After he finished dancing, Musk placed his hand to his heart and extended his arm out above his head with his palm facing down, making a hand gesture resembling a Nazi salute. He then turned around and repeated the gesture to crowd behind him.^[3][5] He then said: "My heart goes out to you. It is thanks to you that the future of civilization is assured." as he finished the gesture.^[5]

Musk's gesture was immediately noticed by CNN commentators. Anchor Erin Burnett said that the action was "striking".^[3] The gesture quickly sparked online comparisons to Adolf Hitler's salute, while others saw it as a Roman salute, commonly referred to as the "Fascist salute".^[3] Many users on X, the social media platform which Musk owns, criticized the gesture saying it resembled a Nazi salute.^[6] Southern Poverty Law Center, a 501(c)(3) specialized in civil rights, referred to it as an "apparent Nazi salute" and noted it had "ignited a firestorm of controversy".^[7]

The Anti-Defamation League came to Musk's defense, stating in an X post: "It seems that Elon Musk made an awkward gesture in a moment of enthusiasm, not a Nazi salute."^[8] However, former ADL national director Abraham Foxman described the gesture as a "Heil Hitler Nazi salute".^[9] Aaron Astor, a history professor at Tennessee's Maryville College, defended the ADL's stance on X, stating that it was "not a Nazi salute".^[10] Some notable figures have blamed it on Musk's diagnosis of Asperger's syndrome.^[11]

Jerry Nadler, a Jewish Democratic congressman from Manhattan, called the gesture antisemitic.^[12] Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, a progressive Democratic congresswoman condemned Musk's gestures and accused him of nazism.^[13][14]

Republican Congresswoman Marjorie Taylor Greene defended Musk, and accused news outlets of lying about him and spreading "propaganda to serve the Democrat party". Republican politician Elise Stefanik also defended Musk.^[15]

Musk's ex-girlfriend, Canadian musician Grimes, with whom he has three children, distanced herself from Musk in response to the growing backlash against his gestures. She wrote on her X account: "I am not him. I will not make a statement every time he does something." She also wrote in her second post: "I'm happy to denounce Nazi-ism – and the far alt right. Would that help clear things up? I've just gotten out of breakfast and have to catch a flight, and am still debating how to approach things diplomatically because I feel in over my head. But if there's concern about that,…".^[16][17]

Elon Musk responded to criticism of his gesture on January 21 on his X account, including calling all news outlets criticizing him of being biased. He wrote: "The legacy media is pure propaganda" and "they need better dirty tricks". He also said: "The 'everyone is Hitler' attack is sooo tired", while not explicitly denying the accusation^[18][19]

Musk also returned to his previous attacks against Wikipedia, saying: "Defund Wikipedia until balance is restored!" in an X post.^[20] Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales responded to Musk's comments, stating: "I think Elon is unhappy that Wikipedia is not for sale. I hope his campaign to defund us results in lots of donations from people who care about the truth. If Elon wanted to help, he'd be encouraging kind and thoughtful intellectual people he agrees with to engage".^[20][21]

Numerous white nationalist and neo-Nazi figures and movements expressed support for Musk's gestures. The leader of the neo-Nazi group Blood Tribe, Christopher Pohlhaus, written a post on Telegram with the words "I don't care if this was a mistake. I'm going to enjoy the tears over it". Andrew Torba, founder of social media platform Gab, said "Incredible things are happening already lmao."^[22][23] Thomas Sewell, an Australian neo-Nazi, posted the video of Musk's hand gestures calling it a "Donald Trump White Power moment".^[24] The official Proud Boys account posted a clip of Musk's video to its Telegram channel with the text, "Hail Trump!".^[24] White supremacist movement White Lives Matter also reacted to Musk's gestures in Telegram with the message: "Thanks for (sometimes) hearing us, Elon. The White Flame will rise again!".^[25]

An Italian communist youth organization Cambiare Rotta hung a doll of Musk upside down in Giulino di Mezzegra, a village where Mussolini's body was hung upside down by partisans after he was executed during the final days of World War II.^[26] Italian popular journalist Roberto Saviano attacked Elon Musk in a Facebook post, stating: "The end of all this will be violent. His fall will be equal to that of those to whom it historically refers with this gesture. Musk will fall at the hands of those he now incites fueled by the same violence he practices".^[27] Following Musk's speech, Andrea Stroppa, Musk's representative in Italy, posted the image of him on X along with the caption, "Roman Empire is back, starting with the Roman salute". Later, he removed the post, stating that Musk "is autistic" and that he was just expressing his feelings without trying to be fascist.^[28]

The German party The Left called for Musk to be banned from entering the Germany, citing both the gestures and Musk's past support for Germany's far-right AfD party and his continued interference in European politics.^[29] Austria's Green Party also called for a similar ban.^[30] Austrian green politician Lukas Hammer called both Interior and Foreign Ministries to consider the possibility of denying Musk's entry.^[31]

Musk was condemned by German Chancellor Olaf Scholz, who compared his gesture to a Nazi or fascist salute.^[32][33] Michel Friedman, a German-French publicist and former deputy chair of the Central Council of Jews in Germany, described Musk's gestures a "disgrace" and said Musk had shown that a "dangerous point for the entire free world" had been reached.^[34] A Berlin judge, Kai-Uwe Herbst, stated that a deliberate right arm thrust in the air is sufficient evidence for bringing charges against someone under German law. However, he said that it would also be necessary to demonstrate that there was malicious intent and that the person in question was aware that this was a Hitler salute.^[34][35] 

In Spain, a minister of labor and social economy, Yolanda Díaz announced that she will quit using X in a response to the gesture. She also accused Musk of turning X into "propaganda mechanism".^[27][36]

Argentina's President Javier Milei defended Musk at the World Economic Forum's meeting in the city of Davos, Milei stated that his "dear friend Musk" has been "unfairly vilified by wokeism in recent hours for an innocent gesture that only means his gratitude to the people". He also said: "I must say, forums like this one have been protagonists and promoters of the sinister agenda of 'wokeism' that is doing so much harm to the West".^[37][38]