Comparison of programming languages (functional programming)
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This page provides the comparison tables of functional programming instructions between programming languages. Comparison of basic instructions of imperative paradigm is provided by the comparison of basic instructions.
List operations
[edit]Function applications and lists
[edit]For brevity, these words will have the specified meanings in the following tables (unless noted to be part of language syntax):
- funcN
- A function. May be unary or n-ary (or always unary for languages without n-ary functions).
- func1, func2, etc.
- functions of specific arity. func (with no number) is the same as func1, also known as a projection in many languages.
- pred
- Unary function returning a Boolean value. (ML type: 'a -> bool) (C-like type:
bool pred<T>(T t)). - list
- The list being operated on.
- args
- Comma-separated list of one or more argument names, in the form of arg1, arg2, ..., argn.
- pattern
- A pattern, in languages with pattern matching.
- val
- Any relevant value, depending on context.
| identity lambda | lambda | map | apply | filter | fold | sum | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Python | lambda x: x | lambda args: expr | map(func, list) | nfunc(*arguments) | filter(pred, list) | functools.reduce(func2, list) | sum(list) |
| Mathematica | #& | (expr)& (arguments are #1, #2, etc.)
Function[{args},expr] |
Map[func, list]
func /@ list |
Apply[nfunc, args]
nfunc@@args |
Select[list, pred] | Fold[func2, val, list] | Apply[Plus,list]
Plus@@list |
| C#[1] | x => x | (args) => expr | Enumerable.Select(list, func) | Requires reflection | Enumerable.Where(list, pred) | Enumerable.Aggregate(list, func2)
Enumerable.Aggregate(list, val, func2) |
Enumerable.Sum(list)
Enumerable.Sum(list, func) |
| Visual Basic .NET[1] | Function(x) x | Function(args) expr | |||||
| F#[2] (can use Enumerable as well) | id(built-in)
fun x -> x |
fun pattern -> expr | Seq.map func list | Seq.filter pred list | Seq.fold func2 val list | Seq.sum list
Seq.sumBy func list |
Numerical operations on lists
[edit]- comp
- a binary function that returns a value indicating sort order (an integer in most languages).
| sort | max | min | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Python | sorted(list) | max(list) | min(list) |
| Mathematica | Sort[list] | Max[list] | Min[list] |
| C#[1] | Enumerable.OrderBy(list, comp) | Enumerable.Max(list, func) | Enumerable.Min(list, func) |
| Visual Basic .NET[1] | |||
| F#[2] | Seq.sort list
Seq.sortBy comp list |
seq.max
seq.maxBy func list |
seq.min
seq.minBy func list |
Iterations on lists
[edit]| group by | |
|---|---|
| Python | itertools.groupby(list, func)[3] |
| Mathematica | GroupBy[list, func][wolfram 1] |
| C#[1] | Enumerable.GroupBy(list, func) |
| Visual Basic .NET[1] | |
| F#[2] | seq.groupBy func list |
Generating lists by combinatorics tools
[edit]- start
- first value of range.
- step
- increment of range.
- count
- number of items in range.
- last
- inclusive last value of range.
- end
- exclusive last value of range.
| Generate range (lazily) | Infinite range (lazily) | |
|---|---|---|
| Python | xrange(start, end, step) (Python 2)[4]
range(start, end, step) (Python 3)[5] |
itertools.count(start, step) |
| C#[1] | Enumerable.Range(start, count) | Enumerable.Range(start, Int32.MaxValue) |
| Visual Basic .NET[1] | ||
| F#[2] | seq { start..step..last } | Seq.initInfinite func |
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h "Enumerable Class (System.Linq)". Microsoft Docs. Microsoft. Retrieved 2019-08-29.
- ^ a b c d "Collections.Seq Module (F#)". Microsoft Developer Network. Microsoft. Retrieved 2019-08-29.
- ^ "itertools — Functions creating iterators for efficient looping". Python 3.7.4 documentation. Python Software Foundation. Retrieved 2019-08-29.
- ^ "Built-in Functions". Python 2.7.16 documentation. Python Software Foundation. Retrieved 2019-08-29.
- ^ "Built-in Types". Python 3.7.4 documentation. Python Software Foundation. Retrieved 2019-08-29.
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